Teacher Professional
Development
Meng-Lun Kuo
v.s.
/
(transparent relationship)
5 1. 2. 3. 4.
5.
Brown, Collins & Duguid (1989)
(ZPD)
Vygotsky
(ZPD)
Wood, Bruner, & Ross (1976) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
(modeling)
(coaching)
(scaffolding)
(articulation)
(reflection)
(exploration)
(fading)
1.
2.
3.
1. 2. 3. 4. Brown, J. S., Collins, A., & Duguid, P. (1989).
Situated cognition and the culture of learning. Educational researcher, 18(1), 32-42.
(Schoenfeld, 1983, 1985)
(reflection on the process of problem solving) (resources)
(heuristic strategies) (control strategies) (brief system)
1. (class demonstrations) 2. (collective problem solving) 3. (small-group problem-solving)
(procedural facilitation of writing)Scardamalia and Bereiter (1985; Scardamalia, Bereiter, & Steinbach, 1984) (explicit procedural support) (prompt) (cue card) (knowledge transforming)
(knowledge telling strategy) (planning) (revising)
(procedural facilitation) 1. (generating a new idea) 2. (improving an idea) 3. (elaborating an idea) 4. (identifying goals) 5. (putting ideas into a cohesive
whole)
(coinvestigation)
(text-based training of reading skills & strategies)
(Reciprocal teaching) (questioning) (summarizing) (clarifying) (predicting)
1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2. 3. 4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1. 2.
1. 2.
1. 2. 3.
40
2-2-2 Collins et al., 1989
modeling
coaching
scaffolding
fading
articulation
reflection
exploration
generalizationCollins 1989
Collins 1989 Lave
