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INTERNATIONAL
Vol. 4 No. 10 $7.50
PATTON UPGRADE
Raytheon’s Program
for Modernizing
Cold War-era Tank. 8
KC-46 DELAY
Boeing Will Miss
Deadline. 4
F-35 NOISE
Netherlands Residents
Have First Listen. 10
LONDON — A vote in favor of Britainexiting the European Union could triggerspending cuts for the military and a new
strategic defense and security review, ac-cording to the deputy director-general ofthe Royal United Services Institute think
tank.
Current plans for defense spendingover the next decade might have to be re-
visited, especially if projected gross do-mestic product growth fails to
materialize in the aftermath of an exitvote, said RUSI think tanker Malcolm
Chalmers in a report issued in London onJune 3.
“While some short-term cut in planned
defence spending is probable, the long-term impact would depend on whether
the initial shock as a result of a ‘leave’
vote was followed by a longer-term dete-rioration in economic performance,” hesaid.
Ben Pruchnie/Getty Images
A British union jack flag and the European flag fly outside the former conservative partycentral office in London. Should Britons vote to leave the EU, cuts to defense spendingcould follow, according to a think-tank study.
BY ANDREW [email protected]
See BREXIT, Page 16
Report: ‘Brexit’ CouldTrigger Defense Cuts
EUROPEAN UNION
PARIS — Seeking an intergovern-mental agreement on arms exports,France and Germany are discussing
the level of national content in weap-ons as well as countries mutually ac-ceptable for foreign sales, said Louis
Gautier, head of the Secrétariat Géné-ral de la Defense and Sécurité Nation-ale.
A bilateral pact for foreign sales ofweapons is seen as key to the future ofthe 50/50 joint venture holding compa-
ny created by France's state-ownedNexter and family-controlled Krauss-Maffei Wegmann of Germany, two spe-
cialists in land systems. “We hope the new company will be
integrated and build common equip-
ment,” Gautier said. “So we have tofind a simplification of authorization.”
SGDSN, which reports to the prime
minister’s office, heads the interminis-terial commission that authorizesarms exports. One of the issues under
discussion is requiring joint authoriza-tion only when French or Germancontent in a weapon exceeds a certain
level. Another approach would be a bilat-
eral committee drawing up a list of ac-
ceptable countries for a company topitch products. Each exporter coun-
try has its own concerns and objec-
tives. “In my opinion there will be a combi-
nation of both approaches,” Gautier
See EXPORTS, Page 16
JOINT VENTURES
France, GermanyAim for ExportAgreementBY PIERRE [email protected]
LAND
AIR
EUROSATORY PREVIEWMore than 1,500 Companies
and Hundreds of VehiclesPage 9
SPECIAL REPORT
June 6, 2016
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 3Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
NEWS 4LAND 8POLICY 12
AIR 14
INDUSTRY 15
COMMENTARY 20
LAST WORD 22
DEPARTMENTS
9
‘SECURITY FIRST’EX-GENERALS PUSH PLAN TO
IMPROVE ISRAEL’S STANDING 6
TURKISH CABINETNEW MINISTERS ARE NAMED
AND PRESIDENT GAINS POWER 12
F-22 RESTARTOUTGOING US GENERAL SAYS IT
IS NOT ‘A CRAZY IDEA’ 14
COMMENTARYCHALLENGING THE NUMBERS
BEHIND LONG-RANGE STANDOFF 21
WHAT’S INSIDE
22
Matthew Swartz, above, of the Navy’s FleetCyber Command talks about cybersecurity.Ben Fitzgerald, Center for a New AmericanSecurity, far left, and Andrew Hunter of theCenter for Strategic and International Stud-ies discuss procurement reform.
PROCUREMENT REFORM ANDCYBERSECURITY
WATCH DEFENSE NEWS TV
Watch Sundays at 11 a.m. ET on WJLA-TV inWashington, on American Forces Networkworldwide or at defensenews.com.
Defense Reform Controversy in India
The Ministry of Defence established three
committees to reform the defense sector, but
some officials say they will bog down the
process.
defensenews.com/budget-policy/
UK May Replace Airbus’ Skynet 5
The British are seeking a new generation of
space-based tactical communications systems
for its armed forces. The current deal with Airbus
Defense and Space ends in 2022.
defensenews.com/air-space
Canada Remakes Shipbuilding Program
The government is hiring more procurement staff
and plans to track costs through the life of a
program.
defensenews.com/naval
WHAT’S ONLINE
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4 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
WASHINGTON — The Air Force is
still determining what penalties to im-pose on Boeing for the latest hitch in de-livering the KC-46, a major slip that
effectively delays the service’s fieldingof the new tanker by over a year.
The Air Force’s contract with Boeing
for the KC-46 does not contain any pre-
defined penalties for schedule delays,service spokesman Maj. Rob Leese
said. But he acknowledged that Boe-
ing’s inability to deliver 18 certifiedtankers to the Air Force as planned by
August 2017 represents a “contractschedule breach.”
It is unclear what impact this delay
will have on Boeing’s contract to re-place the Air Force’s aging KC-135s. But
the Air Force is leaving the door open
for Boeing to pay some kind of price —
monetary or otherwise — for missing acrucial contractual deadline.
“As with any contract schedule
breach, the Air Force will seek consid-eration commensurate with the impactof the breach,” Leese said. “The Air
Force will secure consideration fromBoeing as part of the schedule re-base-line that is about to commence follow-
ing the [Required Assets Available]delay announcement.”
The latest delay, caused by ongoing
problems with the KC-46’s refuelingsystems, will allow Boeing more time toimplement the solution to a refueling
boom loads issue identified during
flight testing earlier this year, accordingto a Boeing statement.
Instead of delivering the first aircraft
in March 2017 and the 18th in August,Boeing will begin delivering tankers in
August, with the final jet arriving in Jan-uary 2018, Leese said last week.
The initial 18 aircraft will be equipped
with two key refueling capabilities —the refueling boom and the centerlinedrogue — but without the ability to re-
fuel from pods mounted on the plane’s
wings, called the wing-aerial refuelingpod, or WARP. The WARP systems willbe delivered separately in October 2018.
The delay is not due to a functionalityissue, but comes down to conformityand qualification testing needed for cer-
tification, according to Boeing.The government will not incur any in-
creased cost as a result of the schedule
delay, Air Force officials have said.
Meanwhile, the Air Force will delay aformal decision to approve production
of the new tanker, known as MilestoneC, from June to August 2016.
“The underlying production system
remains on track, and Boeing will havemore than 18 aircraft through the fac-
tory line and in various stages of final
change incorporation and certificationby August 2017,” according to Boeing.
“The KC-46 Tanker will play a vital role
in America’s Air Mobility Forces pro-viding both global power projectionand unrivaled global reach for decades
to come.” DN
Boeing
Boeing has put off delivery of the first KC-46 tanker until at least August 2017.
Boeing’s Penalty For LatestKC-46 Delay Still UnclearBY LARA [email protected]
Sebastian Sprenger has been appoint-
ed as managing editor of Defense News,where he will oversee news coveragefor this leading multimedia brand.
Sprenger joins Defense News from In-side the Army, where he served as chiefeditor, reporting and editing on land
warfare topics and associated budgets,policies and technologies. He previous-ly served as managing editor of Global
Security Newswire at Atlantic Media,editing and reporting in the field of nu-clear weapons and nonproliferation.
“I could not be more pleased to havean editor of Sebastian’s caliber join theteam. His deep understanding of the de-
fense market, and his journalism pedi-gree will ensure Defense News andDefenseNews.com continue to set the
standard in market coverage,” saidDefense News Executive Editor JillAitoro.
Sprenger, a native of Siegen, Germa-ny, who speaks German and French,
will lead the Defense News team of re-
porters and promote a multifaceted ap-proach to coverage that includes onlineand print reporting as well as video and
data-driven features. “I’m excited to join the Defense News
team and help ensure the publication
continues to be the go-to source for na-tional-security news and analysis,”Sprenger said. “We’ve got a great team
of reporters dedicated to finding new
story angles and reporting what’s im-portant in Washington and around the
world. My focus will be to ensure thatboth print and digital delivery of con-tent both informs and engages our glob-
al audience.” DN
Alan Lessig/Staff
Sebastian Sprenger, Managing Editor forDefense News
Sprenger NamedManaging Editorof Defense News
NEW TANKER
6 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
TEL AVIV, Israel — Fed up with secu-rity-sapping paralysis at home and fear-ful of diplomatic fallout abroad, a group
of ex-generals here is pushing its owninitiative to break through the deadlockblocking prospects for an eventual two-
state solution for Israel and Palestine.Commanders for Israel’s Security
(CIS), a group of more than 200 retired
generals from the Israel DefenseForces (IDF), Mossad and Shin Bet, de-livered to government ministers and
lawmakers its “Security First” plan forimproving Israel’s security situationand international standing.
Recognizing that military force alonewill not solve Israel’s security problemswith Palestinians in the West Bank or in
Gaza, the plan prescribes a combina-tion of security, civil and economicmeasures aimed at keeping the promise
of a two-state solution alive and encour-aging Israel’s integration into a regionalarrangement with pragmatic Arab Sun-
ni states.The 67-page document, complete
with detailed maps, represents the first
phase of a nearly yearlong effort by averitable “Who’s Who” of Israel’s formersecurity establishment.
It assumes that no major break-through is feasible at this time regard-ing two-state peace talks, yet rejects
claims by the current Israeli govern-ment that the conflict can be managedfor the foreseeable future.
“The policy of ‘managing the conflict’has turned out to be a dangerous illu-sion. In practice, the situation has only
gotten worse…
“The time has come to be proactiverather than being dragged along by
events, continually reacting to interna-
tional or Palestinian initiatives or theactions of extremists on both sides,”
the CIS report states.Retired Maj. Gen. Amnon Reshef, CIS
chairman, said one of the advantages of
the plan is that doesn’t deal with wheth-er or not there is a peace partner on the
other side. “We’ve already wasted too
much time to remain locked in futile de-
bates on this issue.”In an interview May 29, Reshef said
CIS has prescribed a multidisciplinary
set of steps that can be taken now, re-
gardless of the validity of the argument
that has prevented successive Israeligovernments from taking needed ac-
tion. “Therefore, we are urging the gov-ernment to adopt its plan in its entirety,and not piecemeal,” he said.
“We are saying that Israel is strong. It
must seize the initiative to determine its
destiny and shape a better future forour children and those of our neigh-bors. And since there is no exclusive
military solution to the conflict or towaves of terror, we are saying that wemust dramatically change the rules of
the game,” Reshef said.
“Only by adopting a holistic package
of security measures, policy clarifica-tions and generous civil-economic mea-sures will we be able to improve
security and reap dividends regionallyand internationally,” Reshef said
Specifically with regard to the West
Bank, the plan calls for eliminating “po-litical ambiguity” regarding the futureof the West Bank while enhancing secu-
rity of Israelis living there pending apermanent status agreement.
CIS experts insist their plan is not a
unilateral withdrawal, but aimed at ren-dering facts on the ground ripe for aneventual diplomatic settlement.
As such, it insists on continued IDFdeployment until a permanent statusagreement with the Palestinians ushers
in “alternative, concrete and sustain-able security arrangements.”
To that end, the plan calls for immedi-
ate completion of the security barrierthroughout the West Bank to reduce“friction” between Israelis and Palestin-
ians there.“A security fence separating the Pal-
estinians from most of the Israeli pop-
ulation will create a situation in whichthey live ‘beside each other,’ not ‘insideeach other.’ Friction between the two
populations will be reduced considera-bly, thereby allowing each group to leada more normal life.”
It calls for large Jewish settlementblocks west of the security fence and inJewish neighborhoods of East Jerusa-
lem to remain under Israeli sovereignty,yet prescribes a construction freeze onnew settlements or infrastructure east
of the fence. “Violation of the settlement freeze as
spelled out above will increase friction
with the Palestinian population on theWest Bank, create additional securityproblems; undermine Israel’s interna-
tional standing; and close options for afuture negotiated settlement.”
Moreover, it calls for bolstering the
administrative power of the PalestinianAuthority (PA) through economic in-
vestment, agricultural development
and quality-of-life improvements forPalestinians.
Finally, the CIS study calls for enact-
ment of a law that would fund alterna-
tive housing within the Green Line or in
West Bank settlement blocks west of
the newly completed security fence.
A follow-on CIS report delving intospecific security prescriptions for sup-
porting a two-state solution will be pre-sented in the fall, prior to French-ledplans for an international conference
on Israel-Palestine and the period afterthe US elections in November and be-fore US President Barack Obama
leaves the White House in January. DN
Barbara Opall-Rome/Staff
The “Security First” plan by a group of more than 200 retired generals from the IsraelDefense Forces aims to improve Israel’s security situation and international standing.
Ex-Generals Push ‘SecurityFirst’ Plan for West Bank, GazaBY BARBARA [email protected]
MIDEAST ACCORD
News
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 7Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
TEL AVIV, Israel — In his first day onthe job, Israeli Defense Minister Avig-dor Lieberman vowed to work 24/7 with
an “open mind” to promote “pragmaticdiplomacy and powerful security.”
A transcript from a debut meeting
with the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)General Staff indicates that Lieberman— the West Bank-residing firebrand
who had previously pushed for recon-quering Gaza, bombing Egypt’s AswanDamn and doing away with Palestinian
leaders — will be taking a different tonenow that he’s moved into the 14th flooroffice at MoD headquarters here.
According to the transcript of the May31 meeting, the new, ostensibly moder-ate minister insisted that Israel cannot
allow itself to wage wars of choice.“As an Israeli society, we must man-
age wars only if there is no other choice
and then we must win them,” Lieber-man told IDF brass.
With regard to the prospect of cedingterritory for an acceptable future Israe-
li-Palestinian permanent status agree-ment, Lieberman said national unitywas more important than a national
homeland of “Greater Israel” that en-compasses all areas of the West Bank.
“When there is a clash between the
values of national unity or unity of theland, unity of the nation is more impor-tant,” Lieberman said.
Lieberman told IDF officers they rep-resent the broad consensus in Israelisociety, something which much be pre-
served and cultivated in order to main-tain national fortitude in the face ofmyriad threats.
“Therefore there is no organizationbetter suited than [the IDF] to be re-sponsible not only for operational
readiness of IDF soldiers, but also fornational resilience.”
Lieberman flagged his experience as
an immigrant from Moldova to empha-size the opportunities that Israeli soci-
ety provides newcomers and thosefrom less fortunate backgrounds.
“The fact that I — a new immigrant
who came here in 1978 without know-ing the language, without connectionsand without any wealth — am sitting
here today with the IDF General Staff asminister of defense … proves that Israelis the land of unlimited possibilities.”
In that respect, he quipped, “We’remore American than America.”
Lieberman acknowledged manyclashes with former Defense MinisterMoshe Ya’alon, yet expressed deep ap-
preciation for Ya’alon’s “numerousachievements” and his undisputed con-tribution to Israel’s security.
“I intend to work in full cooperationwith the IDF chief of staff, Lt. Gen. GadiEisenkot, and with the IDF General
Staff. ... Together we will all preservethe security of the citizens of Israel.” DN
LEADERS
Israel’s New Defense Minister Mutes Combative ToneBY BARBARA [email protected]
Israel Ministry of Defense
Israel DefenseMinister AvigdorLieberman and Lt. Gen.Gadi Eisenkot, IsraelDefense Forces chiefof staff, hold a meetingafter Lieberman wassworn into office.
Logistic vehicles
Tactical vehicles
Air defence systems
Weapons and ammunition
Infantry systems
Protection systems
Command and control
Electro-optical components
Simulation and training
www.rheinmetall-defence.com
Please make sure to visit us at Eurosatory 2016
Outdoor Area I D261 – D211
COME TO DISCOVER
8 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
“The M60 Patton medium mainbattle tank was the US Army’sprimary armored vehicle duringthe height of the Cold War...,”according to the US ArmyHeritage and Education Centerat Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylva-nia. “Introduced in 1960, [it]featured a large 105mm maingun, an angular turret for betterprotection against enemyrounds, and a diesel engine.”
BACKGROUND
the Patton tanks began many years
back when Raytheon developed a newfire control solution for Jordan’s tanks.Raytheon completed fielding the new
fire control systems to the countryabout five years ago, according toProbert.
Now Raytheon has created a packageof modernization-level upgrades forthe tanks that goes far beyond the ini-
tial upgrade for Jordan, Probert said.The company’s service life extension
program for the M60 A3 variant in-
creases lethality ranges and accuracythrough an advanced digital fire con-trol system using US Army-developed
software and by swapping out thetank’s 150mm cannon with a 120mmgun.
Raytheon has also changed out a 750horsepower engine to a 950 horsepow-er one, which restarts the engine to ze-
ro-hour condition, Probert said.
The tank weighs a full ton less asRaytheon has changed out the hydrau-
lics with electronic systems.Through the new upgrades the tank
will also be able to fire on the move
rather than having to use a soldier inthe loop to stop the tank, aim the gunand fire, which turns the tank into an
easy target on the battlefield. The fire
control system is linked to a GPS that
tells it where the tank is and digitallycoordinates automatic aiming, dis-crimination and firing capability.
The entire package of upgradeswould cost one-third of the price tag ofa new tank, he said.
The Patton tanks “are a generationolder, but with what we are doing, weare allowing them to be more relevant
in the current fight,” Probert said.The tank and its full package of up-
grades has been tested rigorously at
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland,in partnership with the US Army.
Raytheon has been in discussions
with a number of countries in the Mid-dle East about upgrading tanks, seeingan emerging need for the service life
extension of the vehicles.“It comes down to systems engineer-
ing first and foremost, coming in and
appreciating what is needed, marrythat up with the customers’ desires andwith what the threat and challenges
that they are facing, and system engi-
neering a solution that makes sense forthat platform or that particular IT or in-
telligence command and control sys-tem,” Probert said.
“We have a lot of stuff in play,” he
added. DN
from a readiness standpoint and what
we need to do, all the things the admini-stration wants to do, focus on the waron terror, the shift to the Pacific, deal
with emerging cyber threats, it’s some-thing that is a fairly significant chal-lenge given the budget environment
that we are in,” Todd Probert, Raythe-on’s vice president in charge of thebusiness sector, told Defense News.
“I think the recipe we have, modern-ization through sustainment, is goingto be a key mechanism for the US to
move through this period,” he said.And that strategy will likely be em-
ployed by countless other countries
around the world as well.Take the M60 Patton tank, for exam-
ple. It became the standard main battle
tank for the US Army in the 1960s, butwas replaced by the M1 Abrams 20years later. Yet, there are still Patton
tanks used by countries around theworld and there are estimated to beabout 7,000 to 10,000 of them used by
countries in the Middle East, Probert
said.Raytheon said it was aware of tanks
remaining in Egypt, Jordan, Oman,Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Leba-non, Israel, Thailand and Taiwan.
The company’s program to upgrade
WASHINGTON — Raytheon, in con-cert with the US Army, has put togethera package of upgrades to modernize
1960s-era Patton tanks still used bymany Middle Eastern countries.
The effort is a procurement formula
for bringing old equipment up to speedin an era where most countries’ de-fense spending budgets are declining
and the idea of building anything newfrom the ground up is rarity.
The Pentagon and the defense indus-
try have heard it said countless times:The military services have to make dowith what they have.
And the services are turning moreand more to upgrading and moderniz-ing what they already own whether it’s
aircraft like the CH-47 Chinook expect-ed to fly for 100 years before it’s retiredin the 2060s or taking vehicles already
in the inventory and adding lethalitythrough a bigger gun like in the case ofthe Stryker.
Raytheon’s Mission Support andModernization business core compe-tency is taking a look at what is in a mil-
itary’s inventory and figuring out waysto sustain and modernize such equip-ment to meet the current threat using
an affordable strategy.
“The thing that is most interesting tome when you look at the current state
INDUSTRY
Raytheon Gives New Life to Patton Tanks‘ModernizationThroughSustainment’
Getty Images
An Israeli soldieraccompanies a Pattontank on its return tobase June 14, 2001, nearthe West Bank town ofRamallah. As many as10,000 of the tanks areestimated to still be inuse in the Middle East.BY JEN JUDSON
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 9Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Germany and Britain are respectively
second and third largest foreign exhibi-tors with 110 and 76, Colas de Francs
told journalists. Those are down fromrespectively 120 and 105.
The number of UK companies at the
June 13-17 event “could be higher,” hesaid, adding that British firms preferred
DSEI, the defense and security exhibi-
tion in London, which has failed to at-
tract many French firms.The US Army will send over a UH-60
Black Hawk transport and an AH-64
Apache attack helicopter for static dis-
play, a US officer
said. Frank Ken-dall, US undersec-
retary of state for
defense acquisi-tion, technologyand logistics, will
be the senior offi-
cial visiting the show.France dominates, with some 529
French firms compared to 1,007 foreign
companies, giving a total 1,536 bookedto date.
Some 250 vehicles and other equip-ment, including helicopters, will be on
PARIS — The US will be the largestforeign exhibitor at the upcoming Euro-satory, with 136 American companies
booked into the trade show for land
weapons and air-land systems, said Pat-rick Colas des Francs, chief executive
of show organizer Coges. Those US bookings slipped from 141
firms in the previous 2014 exhibition,
Coges figures show.
Ready for EurosatoryBY PIERRE [email protected]
Eric Piermont/AFP/Getty Images
An Oshkosh Defense M-ATV vehicle isdisplayed before the opening ofEurosatory 2014 in Paris. This year’strade show kicks off June 13.
INDUSTRY
EUROSATORY PAGE 11
1,536 CompaniesHead to Parisfor Exhibition
Visitdefensenews.comfor completecoverage ofEurasatory
10 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
WASHINGTON — Despite worries
that the new F-35 would be louder thanthe Netherlands’ F-16s, recent testinghas shown Dutch residents don’t hear
much of a difference.During comparative noise testing of a
Dutch F-35 and an F-16 late last month,
residents near Leeuwarden and Volkel,
the two Dutch air bases that will receivethe F-35, found the Joint Strike Fighter
only slightly louder.
“The results were actually the sameas what we expected. The people said,
‘OK, it’s a bit louder but not that muchlouder,’” said Lt. Col. Sidney Plankman,chief of public affairs for the Royal
Netherlands Air Force, or RNLAF. “’If
this is it, there’s no problem for us tolive with.’”
The testing took place May 26, after
the Netherlands’ initial two F-35s flew
from Edwards Air Force Base, Califor-nia, on May 23.
The RNLAF conducted two flights of
an F-35, with full afterburner duringtakeoff, followed a few minutes later by
an F-16, Plankman said. The two planesflew once in the afternoon and once in
the evening.
In an online survey, residents wereasked simple questions: Was the sound
louder or softer than normal? Did it last
longer? Did you experience more vibra-
tion?Of the 1,500 residents who enrolled in
the survey, 1,000 households participat-
ed, Plankman said.The noise difference between the two
planes was previously measured to be
inside the margin of three decibels, hesaid. But there is a difference betweenthe scientific noise level and the sound
experienced by human ears.The Dutch are happy with the results
of the noise testing, because residents
had feared the F-35 would be much
louder than the F-16 due to its larger en-gine, Plankman said. He noted that resi-
dents did experience slightly morevibration with the F-35 than with theF-16s.
“It was important for the communityto experience — to take away the fearthey had because they thought it was
going to be twice as loud,” Plankman
said. “They all said, ‘If this is it, well, wecan live with this.’ That was the generalopinion of the community.”
The RNAF has no plans for additionalnoise testing, Plankman said. Over thenext week, the jets will undergo tests to
confirm the compatibility of the F-35with the hardened aircraft shelters on
Dutch airfields. The planes will also
participate in training missions, and thetest team will begin looking at their lo-gistics footprint.
The Dutch F-35’s visit to the Nether-lands will culminate in the Leeuwardenair show on June 10 and 11, where the
planes will be on static display and pos-sibly even fly.
“I can’t say 100 percent yet” that the
two Dutch aircraft will fly during the airshow, Plankman said. “But it’s far over50 percent.”
The F-35 will make its official interna-tional debut at the Royal InternationalAir Tattoo and Farnborough Air Show
in the United Kingdom next month. DN
Evert-Jan Daniels/AFP via Getty Images
The first two American F-35A Lightning IIfighter jets land in Leeuwarden, TheNetherlands, on May 23. The RoyalNetherlands Air Force conducted twoflights of an F-35, with full afterburnerduring takeoff, on May 26. F-35 Not Much Noisier
Than F-16, Say DutchBY LARA [email protected]
AIR WARFARE
Special Report
June 6, 2016 R1 defensenews.com | 11Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
display. Airbus Helicopter will be at theshow, although the parent Airbus group
has opted to stay away. Security for the show will be tighter
than in previous years, reflecting an ex-
tended state of emergency adopted af-ter the Nov. 13 attacks which killed 130people in Paris. The trade show coin-
cides with Euro 2016, one of the biggestsoccer tournaments worldwide and forwhich the government has assured
there will be high security.Colombia, with three firms, will at-
tend the show for the first time, said
Stefano Chmielewski, chairman ofGroupement des Industries Françaisesde Défense Terrestre et Aéroterrestre
(GICAT) and its subsidiary, Coges. Thatboosts a Latin American presence,alongside Argentina and Brazil.
Some 17 Brazilian companies, a rec-ord number, have booked into theshow, the Brazilian defense and securi-
ty industry association said. Iceland has pulled out, bringing down
the number of nations to 56 from 57 in
2014, Colas des Francs said. Somecountries left bookings to the last min-ute, so another one or two could ask for
space.Some 12 Russian firms, down from 26,
have booked, and France continues to
withhold an invitation for an officialdelegation, reflecting the chill in rela-tions since the armed conflict in Uk-
raine.A stronger Asian presence is expect-
ed. Japan is sending a delegation for thesecond time. There are two fewer com-panies compared to 2014 but these have
booked more floor space. There is moreinterest from South Korea, with 27 com-panies, up from 11.
Some 36 Chinese firms will be at theshow. Western nations imposed anarms embargo since China dispersed a
1989 pro-democracy demonstration inTienanmen square, which led to the lossof protesters’ lives.
A Vietnamese delegation is expected.
The French Army will highlight itsScorpion modernization program. Theservice will be on display next to the de-
fense ministry, which with the Direc-tion Générale de l’Armementprocurement office seeks to promote
exports with the “combat proven”badge on the equipment on exhibition.
Coges executives visited 38 trade
shows to track technological progressaround the world. The technology trendincludes greater demand for highly
specified rather than off-the-shelf
equipment, a collective industrial team-work with 3-D simulation in designingsystems, and a move to low-cost manu-
facturing. Drones, cyberdefense andcybersecurity are among the keythemes.
GICAT seeks to help small, mediumand intermediate companies pursueforeign deals by arranging bookings in
overseas shows in Abidjan, Bogota andSingapore next year.
“This is not a tourist trip but a busi-
ness drive,” Chmielewski said. DN
INDUSTRY
EURASATORY FROM PAGE 9
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after the Nov. 13
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The show coincides
with Euro 2016, one
of the biggest soccer
tournaments
worldwide.
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12 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Policy
ANKARA, Turkey — A change at the
top of the Turkish government alongwith a Cabinet reshuffle will grant more
de facto powers to President RecepTayyip Erdogan and mean that he willhave more direct control over procure-
ment programs, officials and analystssay.
“The reshuffle simply means that Er-
dogan will be the sole decision-maker
in multibillion-dollar programs,” saidone western defense analyst here. “He
will decide which systems to buy, from
which supplier to buy and under whatterms.”
A senior procurement official admit-
ted that Erdogan would likely get moreinvolved in arms programs. “He will ef-
fectively consult with the prime minis-ter, defense minister, top procurementbureaucracy and military,” he said. “But
his choices will be the principal guide-line in shaping programs.”
The Turkish government May 24
named new ministers for defense and
science. Fikri Isik, science, industryand technology minister in the previous
Cabinet, was named as the country’s
new defense minister. Outgoing De-
fense Minister Ismet Yilmaz was ap-
pointed as education minister.Meanwhile, a former senior procure-
ment official, Faruk Ozlu, was named as
science, industry and technology minis-ter. Ozlu was deputy undersecretary atTurkey’s procurement agency, the Un-
dersecretariat for Defense Industries
(SSM).The Cabinet reshuffle came after Bi-
nali Yildirim was elected May 22 aschairman of Turkey’s ruling Justice andDevelopment Party — and became the
new prime minister. Former Prime Min-
ister Ahmet Davutoglu quit amid a se-
ries of political rows with the country’spowerful president, Erdogan.
Although Isik did not have a directly
defense-related portfolio except thesatellite programs he was widelyviewed as a de facto insider to procure-
ment matters.But some industry sources say the de-
fense minister’s job would largely be
symbolic. “Isik will not make [procure-ment] policy. Instead he will be expect-ed to execute decisions coming from
higher up,” said one manager at a state-
controlled company.
But the new prime minister, Yildirim,
will have more influence on projects,
according to government sources. Ashipbuilding engineer by degree and a
maritime expert, Yildirim’s term astransport minister saw him designingpolicy and programs including a major
aviation project. Under that program,viewed as his pet project, Turkey willindigenously develop a regional jet with
dual civilian and military use. The
Ozan Kose/AFP/Getty Images
Turkish President Gains PowerAfter Cabinet ReshuffleBY BURAK EGE [email protected]
LEADERS
planned aircraft will be based on Dor-nier 328 and Dornier 628 bodies.
“Yildirim is one of Erdogan’s most-
trusted political allies and no strangerto military procurement,” said onepresidential aide. “He will have an in-
creased role and influence over pro-curement.”
Analysts say Erdogan’s personal role
in formulating security policies alsowill see consolidation.
“Foreign ministry, intelligence and
military top brass will be his key inter-locutors in shaping security policy,”said one London-based Turkey special-
ist. “We may see Turkey graduallyswitching to more hawkish securitypolicies against the Kurdish insurgents
as well as in neighboring Syria andIraq.”
“That will mean Turkey will have a
bigger shopping list for any equipmentit may need in its asymmetrical wars in-side Turkey and beyond its southern
and southeastern borders,” said one in-dustry source.
Turkey has been fighting the militant
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) since1984 in a conflict that has killed around40,000 people. Since July, when the
PKK ended a two-year cease-fire, morethan 400 police officers and troops andover 6,000 PKK fighters have died.
Turkey also is part of a US-led, inter-national campaign fighting the IslamicState group that has captured large
swaths of land in Syria and Iraq since
2014.Under the Turkish constitution the
president is head of the National Securi-ty Council that oversees domestic andforeign security matters.
The Turkish constitution defines thepresident’s role as nonpartisan and
largely ceremonial and the executive
power is exercised by the government.But Erdogan has been pushing for anexecutive presidential system and has
de facto breached the constitution byignoring its articles requiring a nonpar-tisan role since he was elected presi-
dent in August 2014. DN
Turkish President Recep TayyipErdogan speaks at a rally tomark the 563rd anniversary of theconquest of Istanbul by OttomanTurks. Erdogan has acquired abigger role in defenseacquisitions after reorganizingthe Cabinet, according toanalysts.
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 13Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
ANKARA, Turkey — NATO allies
Turkey and the United States are exhib-iting increasingly divergent positionsover procurement matters and their
joint campaign against radical Islamistterrorism in Syria and Iraq, giving sig-nals of conflicting security priorities.
“This is worrying,” said one NATOdiplomat in Ankara. “We hope the [US-Turkish] differences should not cause
any operational weakness or lack of co-hesion [in the allied campaign].”
Turkey’s top procurement official
said May 29 that a US restriction on thesale of some weapon systems hasdriven Turkey to develop its own tech-
nologies. “I don’t want to be sarcasticbut I would like to thank [the US gov-ernment] for any of the projects that
was not approved by the US because itforced us to develop our own systems,”said Ismail Demir.
Demir said that Turkey successfullydeveloped an indigenous, armed dronesystem [the Bayraktar] which it effec-
tively uses in its anti-terror operationsagainst the Kurdistan Workers’ Party.
On April 29 Turkey successfully test-
ed the Bayraktar, which hit a target atthe Konya fire test field in central Ana-tolia from a distance of 8 kilometers.
The Bayraktar uses the MAM-L andMAM-C, two mini smart munitions de-veloped and produced by the state-con-
trolled missile maker Roketsan.Roketsan’s mini systems weigh 22.5kilograms including a 10-kilogram war-
head.
Demir said that Turkey no longerneeds US-made armed drone systems.
“Unfortunately in the case of armed
drones, on our part, we have closed thatpage,” he said, referring to a Turkish re-
quest, pending since 2009, for the USsale of the sophisticated armed MQ-9Reaper unmanned aerial vehicle sys-
tem, known as the Predator. Demir said that blocking arms sales
to Turkey would not set back Ankara
from its national security goals. He
warned that “the restrictions [of armedsystems] would not be productive forlong-term strategic relations between
the two allies [the US and Turkey].” One of Turkey’s procurement goals is
to end its dependency on foreign-made
systems in the next 10 years.Meanwhile, Turkish President Recep
Tayyip Erdogan on May 28 criticized the
US after photos emerged of US specialoperations forces wearing the insigniaof the Syrian Kurdish People’s Protec-
tion Unit (YPG) on their shoulders dur-ing an assault on Islamic State positionsin Syria’s Raqqa.
Turkey claims the YPG is linked to theKurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), anoutlawed militant group fighting for
Kurdish autonomy in Turkey. Turkey,the US and the European Union consid-er the PKK as a terrorist group.
“I am someone who believes that poli-
tics should be conducted honestly,” Er-dogan said. “Therefore, our allies, those
who are with us in NATO, cannot andshould not send their own soldiers toSyria, with insignias of the YPG.”
Turkey views the YPG as a terroristorganization and has long asked the US
to “choose between its NATO ally and a
terrorist organization.” Washington hassince refused to label the Kurdish group
as a terrorist organization. The YPG
helps the alliance fight the Islamic State
group on the ground.“Our Turkish friends should be able to
understand that the YPG is a useful as-
set functioning like ground troopsagainst the ISIL,” said one western am-bassador in Ankara, using another
name for the Islamic State group.Seeking to diffuse tensions with An-
kara over the YPG-insignia incident, the
Pentagon said that it was “unautho-rized” and “inappropriate” for US spe-cial operations forces to wear YPG
patches on their uniforms. “Corrective action taken, and we
have communicated as much to our
military partners and military allies inthe region,” said Col. Steve Warren, aspokesman for the anti-Islamic State
coalition, during a videoconferencefrom Baghdad.
But US State Department spokesman
Mark Toner said that Washington doesnot regard the YPG as part of the PKK.“On the contrary, we believe the YPG as
well as other forces in northern Syria
are effectively taking the fight to ISIL,”he said.
Analysts say Washington is trying to
perform a balancing act between itsTurkish and Kurdish allies.
“The US needs both to fight the ISIL.And it’s not that it needs both just now;
it will need both in its future campaigns
against the jihadists,” said an Ankara-based western security analyst. “A re-
turn to peace negotiations by the Turks
and the PKK may help resolve the dis-
pute but this does not seem like a real-istic option, at least in the next year or a
year and a half.” DN
DIPLOMACY
Turkey-US Relationship SuffersProcurementand SecurityDivide AlliesBY BURAK EGE [email protected]
Isaac Brekken/Getty Images
Turkey sought in 2009 US permission to acquire MQ-9 Reapers but Turkish officialsrecently said the country has moved on by developing its own system and does notneed the US armed drone systems.
THE LATEST ON US DEFENSEFollow Staff Reporter
Aaron Mehta @AaronMehta
14 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
“I don’t think it’s a wild idea, I meanthe success of the F-22 and the capa-
bility of the airplane and the crews thatfly it are pretty exceptional. I think it’sproven that the airplane is exactly
what everybody hoped it would be,”Welsh said.
“We’re using it in new and different
ways and it’s been spectacularly suc-cessful and its potential is really, reallyremarkable. And so going back and
looking and certainly raising the idea:Well, could you build more? It’s not acrazy idea.”
The Air Force is working with Lock-heed Martin to determine the feasibil-ity and cost of such a project, Welsh
said.
But this is not the first time the Air
Force has looked into how much it
would cost to begin building the stealthfighter again.
An Air Force-commissioned 2010
study by the think tank Rand Corp.placed the cost to buy just 75 F-22s at$17 billion in 2008 dollars. And if the Air
Force decides to upgrade the plane
with modern technology instead of aone-for-one replacement, the price of
the project could climb even higher.
The other obstacle is that Lockheedmay not be on board with an F-22 re-
start. The company is focused on get-ting the F-35 across the finish line, andan F-22 revival could siphon funds
away from the joint strike fighter. DN
F-22 revival could actually be gainingtraction this year, after the full House
passed legislation that would, if ap-proved by the Senate and signed intolaw, direct the service to study the pos-
sibility. At Congress’ request, the Air Force
has started to look at what an F-22 re-
vival would take, Welsh said May 26 atan event hosted by the Air Force Asso-ciation.
The Air Force may even decide tobuild a modified F-22 instead of a sixth-generation fighter, Welsh hinted.
Although top Air Force officials havesaid such a project would be cost-pro-hibitive, it’s “not a crazy idea,” Welsh
said.
WASHINGTON — Although US AirForce and industry officials have re-peatedly dubbed reviving Lockheed
Martin’s F-22 production line as a non-
starter, the service’s outgoing chief ofstaff says it might not be such a crazy
idea after all.Gen. Mark Welsh’s comments
marked the first time since Congress
floated the idea in April that Air Forceleadership has acknowledged an F-22restart as anything but pie in the sky.
Lawmakers have condemned the de-cision to shut down the F-22 line eversince Lockheed terminated production
almost five years ago. But the idea of an
INDUSTRY
Welsh: F-22 Restart Not ‘A Wild Idea’
John Rossino/US Air Force
Employees at Lockheed Martin’sassembly plant at Marietta, Ga., paintthe first operational F-22 Raptor to bedelivered to the Air Force.
BY LARA [email protected]
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 15Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Defense News sister brand C4ISR &
Networks presented its Elite 6 Awardsat its annual conference May 26, recog-nizing technological and capability de-
velopment at the Defense Departmentin six categories: mobility, C2/comms,cyber, UAS/ISR/sensors, IT/networks
and geospatial intelligence.Mobility: Marine Corps Systems Command
common handheld team
The command is developing hand-held devices that can stream full-mo-tion video and allow troops to quickly
share intelligence based on that video.Live video streaming allows troops tospot dangers such as an enemy with a
machine gun hiding around the corner.The technology allows them to alertothers, mark the enemy’s location and
modify the unit’s plan so that the adver-sary is avoided or eliminated.
C2/Comm: Battlefield Information Collec-
tion and Exploitation Systems Extended
BICES-X is an expanded version ofthe BICES backbone that links intelli-gence between partner nations. While
the original system was limited to NATOmember nations, BICES-X accommo-dates partners from other countries. It
also embraces countries that have notbeen a US partner in intelligence opera-tions at all, until they needed to be. BIC-
ES-X supports smaller-scale operationsscattered across the globe, with a rangeof coalition partners.
Cyber: Army Cyber Command
Army Cyber Command has made sig-
nificant progress in building out its cy-ber protection teams, hittingoperational milestones and maintaining
transparency. The command beganfielding the teams of highly trained sol-diers in 2015. They target emerging
threats as part of a broader, military-wide directive to fill out cyber ranks un-der US Cyber Command’s umbrella of
operations.UAS/ISR/Sensors: Navy Persistent Maritime
Unmanned Aircraft Systems program office
at Navair for the MQ-4C Triton
The MQ-4C Triton will operate in con-junction with manned aircraft and is de-
signed to identify maritime targets ofinterest, cueing a P-8 Poseidon to go inand take a closer look, a coordinated ef-
fort that will support ship interdictionand anti-submarine warfare missions.IT/Networks: Defense Information Systems
Agency/DoD milCloud
The Defense Department’s high-secu-
rity suite of cloud services, called mil-Cloud, was an in-house option only until
February, when it opened to industrywith the release of an initial RFP. Be-cause of DoD’s security needs, the con-
tractor that operates the next iterationof milCloud will have to keep the infra-structure within DoD facilities and the
system can only attach to DoD net-works. However, the contractor-operat-ed, government-owned capability will
be a large step toward an arrangementin which DoD customers pay only forwhat they use.
GEOINT: National Geospatial-Intelligence
Agency Pathfinder
Focusing on moving open-source in-
telligence to the forefront in informingoperations and sharing intel worldwidewith a range of coalition partners. Path-
finder’s goal is to help NGA navigate thecompetitive world of commercializedgeospatial intelligence, operating at an
unclassified, off-premise and telework-friendly environment. The program re-leases open-source coding projects to
the code-sharing site GitHub so that oth-ers can use and improve them. DN
ELITE 6
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16 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Britain goes to the polls June 23 in areferendum which will decide whether
the country remains a member of the 28nation European Union or exits, a proc-ess known here as Brexit.
While a vote for staying still com-mands a lead, pollsters have been re-porting a rapid narrowing of the gap by
Brexit supporters in the last couple ofweeks.
Immigration and the economy are the
main referendum battlegrounds, butthe possible impact on security and de-fense has also grabbed the headlines.
Remaining in the EU is widely sup-ported by the defense and security busi-nesses here, and some companies,
notably Airbus, have sent letters to em-ployees outlining the reasons for con-tinued membership.
A survey published recently by theaerospace, defense and security tradebody ADS showed overwhelming sup-
port for continuing Britain’s member-ship of the EU.
Some 70 percent of defense compa-
nies and 74 percent of aerospace firmssurveyed by ADS said their preferencewas to remain part of the EU.
Remain supporters, including theChancellor George Osborne and Bankof England Governor Mark Carney,
have argued that leaving the EU wouldcause serious damage to Britain’s fu-ture economic prospects.
Chalmers said an exit would not just
be confined to Britain but have an im-
pact across the region.Britain is currently “the EU’s strong-
est military and its second largest econ-
omy so an exit could also havefar-reaching implications for the Euro-pean order more generally,” he said.
The RUSI analyst said an exit fromthe EU could result in “a strategic shiftas profound as that triggered by the
country in the late 1960s and early 1970s... when the UK withdrew the bulk of itsmilitary forces from Southeast Asia and
the Persian Gulf.”
The British are only now starting to
reverse that strategic decision with astrengthened naval presence in Bahrainand considerations of setting up a per-
manent land training base and dockingand repair facilities for Royal Navy war-ships in Oman.
Brexit campaigners argue that farfrom damaging defense capabilities, anexit from the EU would allow the UK to
return to its role as a major global pow-er.
Chalmers said there could be counter-
vailing pressures on the UK to redouble
EUROPEAN UNION
BREXIT FROM PAGE 1Britain is currently
“the EU’s strongest
military and its
second largest
economy so an exit
could also have
far-reaching
implications.”
Malcolm Chalmers, Royal UnitedServices Institute think tank
said.
“Such an agreement will be of funda-mental importance,” said Hélène Mas-son, senior research fellow at think
tank Fondation pour la Récherche Stra-tégique.
The partnership will have annual
sales of almost €2 billion (US $2.3 bil-
lion) and an order book of €9 billion,and employ more than 6,000 staff, the
companies said.
The partnership seeks to cut costs,such as buying raw materials and man-
ufacturing tools, and boost foreignsales by agreeing which products topitch. Exports account for 56 percent of
annual sales for Nexter and some 80percent for KMW, a French defense offi-
cial said.
KMW and Nexter closed the joint ven-
ture deal in December. Because the in-tergovernmental talks had been slow,
reflecting highly distinct political ap-
proaches to exports, SGDNS had sug-gested it should continue negotiating
with its German counterpart, the econ-omy ministry, rather than hold up thecorporate talks, Gautier said.
That led to a government statement ofintent when the joint venture agree-ment was announced, but progress has
been slow. France will carry on negotiating with
Germany but sees no need to hurry as
KMW and Nexter will continue to offerindependently produced products overthe interim period of the next five years,
Gautier said.
KMW and Nexter aim to jointly pro-duce a future tank to replace the French
Leclerc and German Leopard, and that
platform is expected to include a highlevel of integration of content from
each company. As a joint venture, however, the two
companies face challenges in arms ex-
ports. Germany, for example, is grap-pling with sensitivities in doingbusiness with Saudi Arabia. Germany's
minister of economic affairs, Sigmar
JOINT VENTURES
EXPORTS FROM PAGE 1
From Page One
Alexander Koerner/Getty Images
The Puma light tank is produced by Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW) of Germany andRheinmetall-Landsysteme (RLS). KMW’s joint venture with France’s Nexter has led thetwo countries to seek an arms exports agreement.
its commitment to European defense,in part to address concerns that exitingthe EU would risk undermining confi-
dence in NATO.The Conservative government an-
nounced its latest strategic defense and
security review last November but
Chalmers said there would be a strongcase to revisit key strategic and policychoices in the wake of an exit vote.
Provided a stable government emerg-es following the referendum, there is astrong case to begin a “new, post-Brexit
SDSR process by the end of 2016 withcompletion by the spring or summer of2017,” he said.
As things stand, a new SDSR is notscheduled until after the next election,which is currently set for May 2020.
Chalmers said the size of the shock tothe defense budget should not be over-stated and it was most likely that spend-
ing would be reduced in proportion tothe reduction in projected gross domes-tic product.
Estimates by the Treasury and othersput that at anywhere between 1 percentand 8 percent during the first three
years.The British are currently slated to
spend £178 billion, or $257 billion, on
equipment and support over the nextdecade, with the total defense budgetrising from £35 billion ($51 billion) this
year to £39 billion ($56 billion) in 2020/21. Some of the capability improve-ments will be funded out of big efficien-
cy savings planned by the MoD.Howard Wheeldon of consultants
Wheeldon Strategic says that while a
Brexit would present longer-term impli-cations for defense, the Governmenthad no room to maneuver on armed
forces and security spending.“Stay or leave, there is no room left
for cutting back on UK defense, and to
suggest that another SDSR might be re-
quired is to fail to understand that in aworld of increasing uncertainty therecan be no holiday from history. UK de-
fense and security strategy must alwaysbe based on necessity and whether welike it or not be above the pure econom-
ics of affordability,” he said. “There is little room for flexibility and
the whole [SDSR] concept relies on the
pretext of saving £11.5 billion between2016 and 2020 to pay for the enhancedcapabilities planned. The cupboard is
bare,” said Wheeldon. Whatever the pressures for spending
reductions, some key defense commit-
ments would be likely to remain un-touched.
Chalmers said these include plans for
Successor-class nuclear missile subma-rines, increased investments incounter-terrorism and cybersecurity,
and the entry into service of two newaircraft carriers now being built by aBAE Systems-led industry alliance.
What happens to the remaining pro-grams and capabilities would dependon the balance between global, Euro-
pean and domestic commitments of aBritain living outside the EU, he said.
Chalmers said a Brexit vote would
not necessarily increase the likelihoodthat Scotland would then hold anotherreferendum to leave the UK, as some
have threatened.“But the possibility of Scottish inde-
pendence, in some form, would remain
an ongoing risk to the stability of theUK’s defense arrangements,” he said.
Scotland voted in favor of remaining
in the UK in a 2014 referendum. DN
Gabriel, reported government approvalfor delivery of 23 Airbus helicopters toSaudi Arabia, and other arms deals to
Oman, United Arab Emirates, Indone-sia and Thailand. But that approval hadto be wrested when Gabriel said in Jan-
uary that Berlin may review its policytoward Riyadh after the Saudi authori-
ties executed 47 prisoners.
Complicating matters is that the Eu-
ropean parliament has voted a nonbind-ing ban of arms sales by EuropeanUnion members to Saudi Arabia, re-
sponding to concerns over civiliandeaths due to bombing in Yemen.
France, meanwhile, says it observes
international conventions and embar-goes, and sees little or no problem inselling weapons to Riyadh.
Paris has simplified its authorization
procedure, cutting bureaucracy and in-stalling an online system for applica-
tions, but the timing of an authorizationcan signal a political judgment, reflect-ing concerns over international and na-
tional risks, and sensitivities of aneighbor to the client country. If a clear-ance fails to be granted after 18 months,
that could be seen as a polite rejection.Even when an approval has been giv-
en, France can restrict the performance
of weapons, depending whether the cli-ent is a close ally or a purely commer-
cial partner.
One of the grey areas is equipment fordual civil-military use, where theSGDNS does not hold the lead authoriz-
ing role. Officials from customs, de-fense, economy, foreign and interiorministries, and intelligence agencies
gather for a monthly authorization
meeting. France last year won its largest for-
eign arms orders of €16 billion ($18 bil-lion US), up from €8.2 billion in 2014,
and hopes to garner a similar value this
year. DN
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 17Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Thomas Samson/AFP/Getty Images
Members of theFrench national policeelite researchintervention groupappear at anexhibition with thegroup’s new armoredtruck named “Titus”(Tactical InfantryTransport and UtilitySystem 6x6) in Parison May 4. Titus ismanufactured byFrance’s Nexter.
Christopher Furlong/Getty Images
A Briton who supports the UnitedKingdom leaving the European Unionattends a rally in Bolton on May 25.
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18 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
About eight months ago youwrapped up your stint leadingthe Navy’s Task Force CyberAwakening, a yearlong exercise.Can you explain the goals of thatexercise?
Task Force Cyber Awakening start-
ed off with a simple email. It was anemail from the CNO [that] asked thisquestion: if anybody could charac-
terize the cyber posture across all ofour tactical platforms. And when welook to try to answer that question,
we realized that we were unable to.
We could characterize cyber riskacross specific domains, and we
could characterize cyber specifically
for IT and traditional cyber areaspretty well. But when we started to
look across all of our enterprise, wewere unable to understand what thetotal risk was across an enterprise.
Understanding that cyber presented achallenge and a risk to our capa-
bilities, we wanted to make sure that
as an organization we are working
together to solve that problem, andthat we needed to look at this
through unity of effort and an en-
terprise perspective.
The goals were three. The first goalwas to identify what did we need todo immediately, based on the threats
that we saw, based on what we un-derstood our vulnerabilities to be; toidentify the things that we need to fix
today. And we evaluated severalitems — almost 800 items valued inexcess of several hundreds of million
dollars of requirements that we need-
ed to address — and then we applieda prioritization method to determine
what were the things that we need todo right now that were most critical.
Then we worked with our other part-
ners in the acquisition world andthrough our budget shop to make
sure that we could execute those
quickly and rapidly. And we did that.The next [goal] was CYBERSAFE.
CYBERSAFE is a spin or an exten-
sion of the SUBSAFE program. Butwhat it was looking at IS our en-terprise. What were the things that
we needed to protect at all cost froma war-fighting perspective? So as wewent forward, maintain a process and
a program that could evaluate all of
our capabilities to determine what
were the things that we had to pro-
tect and that we need to assurethrough a process of procedural
compliance to make sure that those
things were protected at all times andthat we could report on them.
We looked at that through three
lenses: making sure that the acquisi-tion community understood the re-quirements that we wanted to pro-
cure against, making sure that when
we did buy them that we had theright assessment mechanism to make
sure that they aligned to those stan-dards and those specifications, and
then making sure that we could oper-
ate them going forward. The thirdpiece [required] looking at cyber
holistically. Did we have the right
organizational construct in place,should cyber and cybersecurity be anorganizing principle for the Navy? If
it’s a new war-fighting domain and
Matthew Swartz Executive Director and CommandInformation Officer, US FleetCyber Command/10th FleetThe Task Force Cyber Awakening. If you know what that is, you probably
understand the grand potential in terms of impact, and if you don’t know
what it is, you are probably intrigued by the name alone. Matthew Swartz
led the effort, which sought to nail down the true state of the Navy’s cyber
posture and now — eight months after the initiative wrapped — is putting
those lessons learned into practice.
Defense News Executive Editor Jill Aitoro sat down with Swartz after he
delivered a keynote address at the C4ISR & Networks conference in Ar-
lington, Virginia, to hear more.
just not an enabler, did we need tolook at it differently and did we need
to organize around cyber and specifi-cally cybersecurity.
The answer to that question became
yes. After the 12-month task force wedetermined that we probably did
need to look at cybersecurity, and at
least for the immediate future we
need to organize around this problemto make sure that we had unity of
effort and that we’re solving cyber
problems as an enterprise and not asindividual systems or programs. And
then as a foundation for that what we
also realized is we had a lot of greattalent and expertise across the Navy
enterprise and we wanted to bringthem together, bring the best mindsthat we had together across the Navy
to work and solve this problem to-gether. That’s the IT/IA — informationassurance — technical advisory
board, where we bring the chief engi-
neers together to make sure that
when we identify issues or concernsin this space that we’re developingstandards that are common across all
of our platforms and all of our capa-bilities. So we have that underlyingengineering approach to solving this
problem.
You have transitioned to a moreoperational role at the Navy. Howhave you taken what you’velearned from the task force androlled out initiatives?
It’s been an interesting journey. So,12 months ago I found myself looking
at this problem from a strategic lens,and trying to be the mechanism thatbrought together a lot of expertise
across our Navy enterprise strate-gically, organizationally, culturally. SoI was trying to manage that and bring
that cohesion together. After this event and after we put
those mechanisms in place where we
identified what we needed to do, andthen identified what things we had toprotect at all costs, and then making
sure they were organized appropri-ately — I moved into this operationalrole. So now I’m no longer necessar-
ily involved in the strategic discus-sion day to day, but I’m responsiblefor the operations in this domain; so,
making sure that the capabilities thatthe task force identified as a needarea, that operationally those things
were transitioning to us and that wecould have operational effectivenesswith those capabilities.
What I’ve seen in the last eightmonths [since that change] is a cohe-sion across the Navy enterprise
where we have the chief engineers,we have the systems commands, wehave the acquisition folks talking to
each other. And when we identifyproblems we find that those cyberse-curity concerns or challenges are not
unique to specific programs.
As we identify those we work as anenterprise to develop solutions to-
gether and then we’re able to takethose solutions and deploy themacross enterprise as opposed to try-
ing to solve every problem individ-ually across each system. So we’restarting to see the fruits of that labor
and we’re starting to see great pro-
gress in the space.
You mentioned in your keynotethe human element of cyberse-curity. Talk to me about whatthat is exactly.
In this journey over the last 18months or so I think what I realized is
that cybersecurity is not an engineer-ing challenge or a technology chal-lenge. Although there are difficulties
in that space and there are solutionsthat we have to develop, at the end of
the day what we realized is that there
was an organizational, cultural issuethat we need to resolve; that we need-ed to come together as an enterprise.
And as we discovered that, I thinkwhat we realized is that technology isthe terrain in which we operate and
that the people are the capability. Incybersecurity the human element isimportant. The human element is still
part of that calculus. Every day it’s
still a man in the middle business. You have to have the analysts to
look at the information and informand make recommendations or deci-sions on what to do against specific
events. We need to make sure that aswe buy technology that the people
are trained and able to use that tech-
nology to solve the challenges. If webuy technology and we don’t have theright training mechanisms behind it
then we just have technology. Wedon’t have capability. The person iswhat brings technology capability, so
we can get the effectiveness out ofthose solutions. That is the mostimportant piece in this journey as we
move forward. DN
Reza A. Marvashti
“If we buy technology
and we don’t have the
right training
mechanisms behind it
then we just have
technology. We don’t
have capability.”
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 19Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
20 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Thousands of military leaders andbusiness executives will gather
in Paris next week for Eurosato-ry, one of the world’s most importantdefense trade shows. However, the
charm of a visit to “the city of lights”will be muted by worries over thepotential for terrorist attacks and
anxieties over Britain’s pending voteon whether to exit the EuropeanUnion.
That the trade show timing coin-cides with Euro 2016, a hugely popularsoccer tournament hosted by France,
serves as an eerie reminder of theNov. 13 attacks that killed 130 peoplein the French capital city. That terrible
night started with an explosion at asoccer match at the Stade de Paris.French leaders have promised the
highest security precautions will beenforced for upcoming events, butcertainly defense leaders planning to
attend Eurosatory cannot help butbelieve that terrorists would see themas high-value targets.
While security forces may providethem safety and their presence helpease their nerves, nothing much can
be done to soothe concerns about theJune 23 referendum to be held across
the English Channel, as British citi-
zens go to the polls to decide whetherthe country remains a member of the28-nation European Union.
The worries are legitimate. Opposi-tion to Britain’s exit — “Brexit” —from the EU ranges from 10 Downing
Street and around the globe to theWhite House. Defense experts, in-cluding former NATO officials and US
security officials, warn a decision to
leave the EU would weaken securityfor the British and all of Europe.
And, many experts say, it will at thesame time hurt trade, including the
defense industry.
President Obama, at a joint appear-ance last month with British Prime
Minister David Cameron, went so far
as to say UK withdrawal from the EUwould mean the “UK is going to be inthe back of the queue” on trade deals
with the US.Obama said the US would of course
consider a UK-US trade agreement,
but noted the focus would be on nego-tiating an agreement with a big bloc —the European Union.
Internally, exiting the EU could
spark spending cuts for the Britishmilitary and require a new strategicdefense and security review, accord-
ing to a report by the deputy director-general of the Royal United ServicesInstitute think tank.
Those seeking to leave the EU arerallying on concerns about the surgeof immigrants into Europe and in
belief the economy would fare betteras a fully independent nation.
Industry has been pushing back,
warning that route would in fact harmthe economy and Britain’s standing inthe world. A survey showed defense
companies overwhelmingly favorstaying in the EU. Airbus leaders sent
letters to employees that highlighted
the advantages of the status quo.Both sides of the Brexit debate cite
numbers to bolster their cases. But an
impressive roster of global economicand political leaders line up on the
side of the UK remaining in the union.
And the US and EU economies areclose rivals, meaning the Europeancountries as a group have greater
leverage in trade and security than do
standalone nations.Until the advocates for breaking
away can make a more convincingargument of the advantages of leaving
the EU, staying put remains the wiser
course.
EU Exit Arguments Are UnconvincingEDITORIAL
Ben Stansall/AFP/Getty Images
British Prime Minister David Camerondelivers a speech on “the future of theEuropean Union and Britain’s role withinit.” Cameron argues that withdrawingfrom the EU will hurt Britain’s standingwith the US.
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DefenseNews
June 6, 2016 defensenews.com | 21Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
COMMENTARY
The US military will carry out a
major modernization of itsstrategic nuclear forces in the
2020s.
It will cover all three legs of thestrategic triad.
Much of the planned program makes
sense. The long-range standoff (LRSO)— a new nuclear-armed cruise missileto outfit strategic bombers — does
not.The primary reason for the modern-
ization program is that many US stra-
tegic weapons systems are aging out,and American policy is that, as long asthere are nuclear weapons, the United
States will maintain a safe, secure androbust nuclear deterrent.
The Ohio-class ballistic missile
submarines will begin to hit the end oftheir service life in the late 2020s, andthe Navy will need new submarines.
Submarines and submarine-launchedballistic missiles (SLBMs) make upthe most survivable leg of the triad,
and they carry the bulk of deployedUS strategic warheads.
The service life of the Minuteman III
intercontinental ballistic missile(ICBM) runs out in 2030. The AirForce seeks a replacement ICBM. At a
minimum, keeping an ICBM leg of thetriad would require another life exten-sion program for existing Minuteman
III missiles.As for the air-breathing leg of the
triad, the Air Force wants to procure
80 to 100 B-21 bombers. Plans are
shrouded in secrecy but reportedlywill incorporate stealth features and
advanced electronic warfare capa-bilities to allow the aircraft to pene-trate contested air space. The Air
Force is also modernizing the B61nuclear gravity bomb for use on stra-
tegic bombers.
One can and should question thePentagon’s desired numbers for theseprograms. That is especially the case
given the projected costs of strategicmodernization, which Pentagon offi-cials openly admit they do not know
how to fund. It is not clear why the United States
will need to replace 400 deployed
ICBMs on a one-for-one basis, partic-
ularly as the Air Force several years
ago was prepared to go down to 300.A force of 200-300 ICBMs would suf-fice and result in significant cost sav-
ings. Likewise, one can challenge therequirement for 12 new ballistic mis-sile submarines, as opposed to nine or
10.The biggest question, however,
arises over the LRSO, with a projected
cost of $20 billion to $30 billion. TheAir Force originally developed nucle-ar-armed air-launched cruise missiles
(ALCMs) in the 1970s because the B-52— then the mainstay of the strategicbomber fleet — presented a big target
for adversary radars. That wouldmake it hard for the aircraft to pene-trate air defenses. A B-52 armed with
ALCMs could remain outside of radarrange and release its cruise missiles.
The B-2, with its stealth features,
was designed to restore a penetratingcapability. The Air Force plans to usestealth and electronic warfare capa-
bilities to give the B-21 a penetratingcapability as well. If these bomberscan defeat and penetrate air defenses,
that makes the LRSO redundant.(Moreover, unlike in the 1970s, the AirForce today has very capable long-
range conventionally armed cruisemissiles that provide a standoff capa-bility for bombers.)
If, on the other hand, the stealth ofthe B-21 will be compromised in thenot-too-distant future, then one has to
question the wisdom of spending $60billion to $80 billion — and perhapsmore — to procure the B-21. If we
believe the B-21 would soon encounter
problems penetrating air defenses,scrap that program. Buy instead mod-
ified Boeing 767s, a variant of whichwill serve as the Air Force’s new aerialtanker, and arm them with the LRSO.
The Air Force’s evident attachmentto the B-21 suggests, however, that it
believes that the aircraft will be able
to defeat adversary air defenses forsome time to come. That means thatthe LRSO would add little capability to
the US strategic force mix.If one were to argue for the redun-
dant capability provided by the LRSO,
the number of new ALCMs that the
Pentagon proposes to purchase —1,000 to 1,100 — is difficult to un-derstand. Even allowing for extra
cruise missiles for test purposes, thenumber seems excessively high.
In its 2010 annual report to Congress
on implementation of the StrategicOffensive Arms Reduction Treaty(SORT), the State Department advised
that, as of Dec. 31, 2009, the UnitedStates had 1,968 operationally de-ployed strategic nuclear warheads.
That figure captured the actual num-ber of nuclear warheads atop SLBMsand ICBMs plus the number of nuclear
bombs and ALCMs at air bases for useby bombers.
On June 1, 2011, a State Department
fact sheet showed the number ofdeployed US strategic warheads as1,800 as of Feb. 5, 2011, when the New
Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (NewSTART) went into force. A Dec. 1,2011, fact sheet provided a more de-
tailed breakdown of US strategicforces. It stated that, as of Sept. 1,
2011, the United States had 1,790 de-
ployed strategic warheads and 125deployed strategic bombers. Like
SORT, New START counts each war-
head on a deployed ballistic missile asa deployed warhead. But New STARTcounts bomber weapons differently
from SORT. New START attributeseach deployed bomber as one war-head, regardless of the number that it
can carry or the number of weapons
that may be at bomber bases.The 125 deployed bombers on Sept.
1, 2011, would have counted as 125under New START’s deployed strate-
gic warhead total. Reducing 1,790 by
125 yields 1,665 — the number of
deployed warheads then on US SLBMs
and ICBMs.Comparing the SORT and New
START numbers is a bit of an apples-
and-oranges comparison, but it givessome idea of the number of bomberweapons at US strategic bomber bas-
es. Unless there was a dramatic in-crease in the number of warheads onICBMs and SLBMs between the end of
2009 and September 2011 — and thereis no reason to think that there was —comparing SORT’s 1,968 figure (end of
2009) to the 1,665 deployed warheadson ICBMs and SLBMs (under NewSTART counting rules in September
2011) suggests some 300 nuclearbombs and ALCMs were at bomberbases. The B-2s would have been
armed with bombs, which indicates amaximum of 200-250 ALCMs. TheFederation of American Scientists
(FAS) also estimates that there areabout 300 nuclear weapons at strate-gic bomber bases, of which 200 are
nuclear-armed ALCMs. FAS believesan additional 375 ALCM airframes areheld in reserve.
This comparison raises the question:Why would 1,000-1,100 ALCM air-frames be needed to support a couple
of hundred deployed ALCMs?The United States should sensibly
modernize its strategic deterrent,
particularly in a time of tight defensebudgets. The case for the LRSO is
demonstrably weak, especially for the
planned size of the program. TheLRSO should be shelved. DN
LRSO Does Not Make Sense,Nor Do Its Proposed Numbers
Steven Pifer directs
the Brookings Arms
Control and
Non-Proliferation
Initiative.
The primary reason
for modernization is
that many US
strategic weapons
systems are aging
out, and American
policy is that, as long
as there are nuclear
weapons, the US will
maintain a safe,
secure and robust
nuclear deterrent.
22 | defensenews.com June 6, 2016Celebrating 30 Years of Excellence
Last Word
Allied countries contributed to
the assault. Aside from the U.S.,
Britain and Canada, soldiers from
Australia, Belgium, Czechoslovakia,
France, Greece, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway and Poland also fought.
Divisions of American, British and Canadian soldiers led the
advance on 5 beaches (Utah,
Omaha, Gold, Juno, and Sword)
spanning 50 miles of coastline.
June 6 marks the 72nd anniversary of operations Neptune and Overlord, which began when Allied forces landed in France to stage a massive assault on deeply entrenched German positions. Warplanes struck from above while ground forces swept in from the sea. A decisive event in the European campaign of World War II, this day is remembered by another name: D-Day.
Casualties suffered by the
Allies on
D-Day, with
the U.S.
incurring the
most: 6,603
610,00012
Medal of Honor recipients participated
in D-Day and the Battle of
Normandy. Four were awarded
it specifically for their actions on D-Day,
including Brig. Gen. Theodore
Roosevelt Jr.
14Days later,
Paris was
liberated from
German
control.
80
D-DAY
ed
e of
d d
Day,
By Luke Carberry MoganSources: Army.mil, WhiteHouse.gov, the D-Day Museum, the Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient Database and PBS
The invasion paved the way for more than
100,000 Allied soldiers to advance through
German-occupied France, capturing more
than 200,000 German soldiers.
swept in from the sea. A decisive event in theEuropean campaign of World War II, this day isremembered by another name: D-Day.
Divisions of American, Britishand Canadian soldiers led the
advance on 5 beaches (Utah,
O h G ld J d S d)
Casualsuffered
Allies on
D-Day, w
the U.S
incurring
most: 6
156,000Allied troops landed in Normandy, of whom 73,000 were Americans participating in the airborne, Utah and
Omaha Beach invasions. 24,000 Allied paratroopers
and 6,939 naval vessels were deployed.
12,000Allied aircraft
participated.
Thinkstock and AP photos; Map by John Bretschneider/Staff; Design by Betsy Moore/Staff
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