LOGO
Prospect of BioenergyDevelopment in Indonesia
and in the World
World Peak-Oil & Indonesian Oil Production Projection
UNCERTAINTY DEPLETION
Gas, 30%
National Energy Mix 2025 (3 billion BOE)
(Presidential Decree No. 5/2006)
NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY(PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 5 YEAR 2006)
Natural Gas, 28.57%
Coal, 15.34%
Oil
51.66%
Geothermal,
1.32%
Hydro Power,
3.11%
CURRENT ENERGY MIX (1 billion BOE)
National (Primary) Energy Mix
Energy Elasticity = 1,8
Coal , 35%
Oil 20%
Biofuel, 5%
Geothermal, 5%
wood waste, Nuclear,
Hydro, Solar Energy,
Wind Power, 5%
RE,15%
Energy Elasticity < 1
Opportunities for Bioenergy
• Bioenergy are available in liquid state
• Bioenergy is renewable energy
• Bioenergy can give a large contribution to reducing GHG emissions
• Bioenergy is a clean energy source
• Bioenergy markets provide major business opportunities (bio-diesel, bio-ethanol)
• Bioenergy can provide a key lever for rural development and enhanced agricultural production methods
5-20%
Crude bio-oil
Biodiesel
diesel oilBio-Diesel
Diesel Engine: car, Genset
Coconut
palmJathropa
PURE PLANT OIL(PPO ) and BIODIESEL
Raw materials for Biofuel
BIOETHANOL
Methanol+
Cassava mollases
Hydrolysis + Fermentation
Bioethanol ( 9% )
Dehydration
Bioethanol ( FG )
Gasolin Engine
GasolineBioPremium
5-20%
Lignoselulosa
Pure Plant Oil
diesel oil
Plant Part of Plant
Ethanol
Productivity(L/ha/yr)
Cassava Root 4,500
Sweet potato Root 7,800
Sugar Cane Stalk 5,000 – 6,000
Corn Grain 5,000 -6,000
Sorghum Grain 3,000 -4,000
Sweet sorghum Stalk 5,500 – 6,000
Sago Stalk 4,000 – 5,000
Palm Sugar/Aren Sap 10,000-20,000
Nipah
(Mangrove)
Sap 5,000 -15,000
Lontar Sap 8,000 – 10,000
Coconut Sap 8,000 – 10,000
Resource Base of Bioethanol
Sector Quantity
(t/year)
Sugar industry
Bagasse 8,500,000
Leaf cane 1,290,000
Palm oil mill
Shell 3,450,000
Fibre 6,700,000
Empty fruit bunches 12,900,000
Palm Oil Mill Effluent
(POME)
31,000,000
Rice Mills 12,500,000
Wood waste 8,345,933
Biomass Waste Resources Potential
BIOENERGY POLICY IN
INDONESIA
OBJECTIVE OF BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
1. Poverty alleviation and job creation
2. Encourage enhancement of sustainable
economical activities, through biofuel development :
• Reasonable price
• Efficient, reliable, save and environmentally friendly
3. Reducing domestic fossil fuel consumption
STRATEGY
1. Developing investment and finance scheme in biofuel
development
2. Developing price mechanism, starting from the feedstock
up to biofuel product that support biofuel development
effectively
3. Increasing local content on biofuel development
4. Improving feedstock supply and production infrastructure
5. Establishing biofuel trading system (59 Gas station use
Bioethanol, E2. 1394 Diesel station use Biodiesel, B2-B10)
6. Accelerate land availability
7. Developing Special Biofuel Zone and Self Sufficient Energy
Village
8. Improving Local Government and society participation in
biofuel business
FAST TRACK BIOFUEL DEVELOPMENT
Fast Track
Each Region
Developing its Biofuel
Potential
SPECIAL BIOFUEL
ZONE
Create Job
Poverty
Alleviation
Energy
SHORT RUN LONG RUN
Energy Self Sufficient
Village
• Infrastructure
• Demplot
• On time schedule
• Explicit investment
employment ratio
CHALLENGES
1. Land availability for Biofuel Development
Land availability inventory, synchronizing data among Forestry Department, National Land Affairs Agency and Regional Government
2. Improving quality of Biofuel commodities
Agricultural research on biofuel commodities sector
3. Improving national technological capabilities on biofuel processing
Research and Development, technology transfer on biofuel processing with more experienced parties
4. The price of biofuel that has not yet competitive in compare with fossil fuel
Subsidy Fossil fuels/oil
Feedstock diversification and effective technology will decrease the price of biofuel
ROADMAP OF BIOFUEL UTILIZATION
Bio Diesel
Bio Etanol
Biodiesel10% of diesel consumption
2.41 million kl
Biodiesel15% of diesel consumption
4.52 million kl
2005-2010 2011-2015 2016-2025
Biodiesel
20% of diesel consumption
10.22 million kl
Bioethanol5% of gasoline consumption
1.48 million kl
Bioethanol10% of gasoline consumption
2.78 million kl
Bioethanol15% of gasoline consumption
6.28 million kl
Bio Oil
Bio Fuel
Biokerosene1 million kl
Biokerosene1.8 million kl
Biokerosene4.07 million kl
Biofuel2% energy mix
5.29 million kl
Biofuel3% energy mix
9.84 million kl
Biofuel5% energy mix
22.26 million kl
- PPO untuk
Pembangkit
Listrik
- Biokerosin
PPO0.4 million kl
PPO0.74 million kl
PPO1.69 million kl
13
14
Type of Sector
October
2008 until
Desember
2008
January
2009
January
2010
January
2015**
January
2020**
January
2025**Note
Household - - - - - -
PSO
Transportation
1%
(existing)1% 2.5% 5% 10% 20%
With
respect to
total
demand
Non PSO
Transportation- 1% 3% 7% 10% 20%
Industrial and
Commercial2.5% 2.5% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Generating
electricity0.1% 0.25% 1% 10% 15% 20%
According to Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources
Regulation No. 32/2008
Mandatory of biofuel utilization
Biodiesel (B100)
Type of Sector
October
2008 until
December
2008
January
2009
January
2010
January
2015**
January
2020**
January
2025**Details
Household - - - - - -
PSO
Transportation
3%
(existing)1% 3% 5% 10% 15%
With
respect to
total
demand
Non PSO
Transportation
5%
(existing)5% 7% 10% 12% 15%
Industrial and
Commercial- 5% 7% 10% 12% 15%
Generating
electricity- - - - - -
Mandatory of biofuel utilization according to
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 32/2008
Biofuel Development in Indonesia
Bioethanol (E100)
Potensi Lahan Pengembangan TebuRendah
Sedang
Tinggi
Sangat Tinggi
SUGAR GROUP
Lampung
70.000 kl/year
(Molases,
Integrated
Industry)
Molindo Raya
Malang, Jatim
50.000 kl/year
(molases ex-PTPN)
BPPT Lampung
2.500 kl/year
(Cassava)
Production of Fuel-Grade BIOETHANOL : Realization till
December 2008 about 192.349 kl/yr, Commitment 3.77 mill. kl/yr
in 2010BLUE &
MONONUTU Minsel
2 x 200 litres/day
(Sugarpalm)
PANCA Cicurug
200 litres/day
(Cassava &
Molases)
TRIDAYA Cilegon
3.000 litres/day
(Molases)
BLUE Balikpapan
200 litres/day
(Molases, Sorghum)
BEKONANG,
Solo
nx100 litres/day
(Molases)
Potensi Lahan Pengembangan TebuRendah
Sedang
Tinggi
Sangat Tinggi
WILMAR GROUP
Dumai
990.000 ton/yr
(CPO)
ETERINDO
Gresik &
Tangerang
240.000 ton/yr
(CPO)
PTPN 4 &
GANESHA
ENERGI Medan
4.000 ton/yr
(CPO)
SUMIASIH
Bekasi &
Lampung
100.000
ton/yr (CPO)
BPPT
Serpong
300 ton/yr
(CPO)
EAI Jakarta
500 ton/yr
(CPO)
RAP
Bintaro
1.650 ton/yr
(CPO)
DHARMEX
100.000
ton/yr
(CPO)
INDO BIOFUELS
ENERGY
Merak
100.000 ton/yr(CPO)
PLATINUM
Serang
20.000 ton/yr(CPO)
Production of BIODIESEL : Install Capacity till December 2008
about 2.029.110 kl/yr and 3 mill. kl/yr in 2010
18
Gas Station blending Biofuel by Pertamina:
Bali
11 SPBU Biosolar
14 SPBU Biopertamax
Surabaya
19 SPBU Biosolar
7 SPBU Biopertamax
Malang
1 SPBU Biopremium
3 SPBU Biopertamax
Jakarta
202 SPBU Biosolar
22 SPBU Biopertamax
Total: 279 SPBU untuk:
-Biosolar (1%): 232 SPBU
-Biopertamax (5%): 46 SPBU
-Biopremium (3%): 1 SPBU
PROSPECT ON BIOMASS WASTE UTILIZATION
Combustion Gasification
Pyrolysis
Liquefaction
HTU
Digestion FermentationExtraction
(oilseeds)
Thermochemical conversion Biochemical conversion
Gas Gas Oil
SteamturbineSteamturbine
Steam Charcoal Biogas
Gasengine
Gasengine
Gas turbinecombined
cycle, engine
Gas turbinecombined
cycle, engine
Fuel cell
Methanol/hydrocarbon/
hydrogensynthesis
Methanol/hydrocarbon/
hydrogensynthesis
Heat Electricity Fuels
Upgrading
Diesel
Distillation
Ethanol
Esterification
Bio-diesel PPO
Purification
Technologies of Bioenergy
Scheme of Palm Waste Utilization
Fresh fruit bunches100%
Brondolan66,05 %
Empty fruit bunches+ Water 33,95 %
Mesocarp53,67 %
Nut12,38 %
Kernel5,7 %
Shell6,68 %
CPO24,32 %
Water20,37 %
Fiber8,98 %
RBDPL23,34 %
PFAD0,98 %
PKO2,45 %
PKM2,55 %
(SBRC-IPB, 2009)
RBDPS4,37 %
RBDPO18,97 %
Molasses
Fermentation
Sugar Cane
Sugar
Distillation
Dehydration
Ethanol 99.5%
Filter cake (mud)Bagasses
GASOHOL
Bio compost Plant
Power Plant
Bio compost
Spent wash
Electricity
Scheme of Sugar Cane Waste Utilization
20% 8% 5%
Biomass To Liquid
Source: NREL
Methanol/ Ethanol
Green Diesel
H2
FT Process
palm
Jathropa
Fuel Additives / Blends Fuels
DMEGasolineDieselEthanol
(Biomass)Biodiesel
Ethanol(Sugar,Grain)
Veg Oil/ Grease
Glycerol
Biodiesel
Trans-esterification
FAME/FAEEBiodiesel
CO
Rice Husk
Wood waste
FLOW PROCESS IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION
Sugar STARCH LIGNOCELLULOSIC
LIQUIFACTION
OF COOKING PRETREATMENT
SUCCHARIFICATION
(HYDROLYSIS)
SACCHARIFICATIO
N (HYDROLYSIS)
FERMENTATION 7
PURIFICATION BIOETHANOL
STILLAGE
ANAEROBIC
DIGESTER
BIOGAS COMBUSTION
ENZYME STEAM
MICROBE’S CELL
FLOW DIAGRAM BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING DIFFERENT RAW MATERIAL
STEAM
ENZYME
ACID
ENZYME
ACIDENZYME
FERTILIZER
BIOENERGY DEVELOPMENT
IN THE WORLD
2006 1st Generation Biofuels: ethanol, biodiesel (methylic and
ethylic routes)
2nd Generation Biofuels: Syngas diesel, ethanol
and biofuels from lignocellulose, H-Bio
2010
Complexes of integrated biorefineries
2020
International trends in biofuel
World energy matrix (% composition)
Source: IEA, 2008
Biofuel Technology in the World
Fuel Feedstock Product benefit Technology
maturity
Ethanol
from sugar
Corn, sorghum,
sugarcane
high octane number
made from renewable resources
Commercial
Biodiesel Vegetable oil, fat,
and grass
reduce GHG emission
improve lubricating power of diesel
Commercial
Green
diesel
And green
gasoline
oil and fat low sulfur content In trial on a
commercial scale
(Brazil & Europe)
Ethanol
from
cellulose
Grass, wood, and
agricultural waste
high octane number In trial on a
commercial scale
by DOE program
Buthanol Sorghum, corn,
wheat, and
sugarcane
Low volatility, high density, and high
tolerance to water
Commercial scale
to produce energy
and chemicals
Fuel Feedstock Product benefit Technology
maturity
Bio oil Lignocellulose Can be used as a source of aromatic
and phenol in the future
BP and Dupont
have introduced
in 2007
Syn gas Biomass Can be combined with fossil fuel
high quality diesel and gasoline
In trial
Diesel from
algae
Microalgae High yield per hectare
Use large amounts of CO2
Pilot scale was
introduce in 1990
Hydrocarbon Biomass Can be derived to synthetic gasoline,
diesel, or other fuel products
Laboratory scale
Biofuel Technology in the World (Cont’…)
The Three Primary Needs for Bio-fuel Economy
Separation
Fuel
production
Fuel
utilization
Biomass
growth
CO2
H2O
Light
Air
Energi Nutrient
Transport
Recycle Nutrient
Edible Biomass for food and fuel
Energy
CO2 H2O
Nutrient
Non-Edible Biomass
Energy
Energy
CO2
H2O
Recycle
Recycle
Source: Huber, et al. 2006
PROMOTION
of
Bio-diesel…..
United States
A biodiesel tax incentive was included in the Final
Energy Bill. 1 cent per % point of biodiesel blended
with petroleum diesel.
Europe
EU Finance Minister adopted a political agreement to allow Governments to exempt transport bio fuels,such as biodiesel,from Excise Duties applied to Conventional Fuels.
EU target for bio fuels : At least 2% of total petrol & diesel within transport sector by 2005, to increase by 0.75% each year thereafter to reach 5.75% by 2010.
EU announces exemption of Tax on pure & low Bio fuels for at least 6 years w.e.f. 01.01.2004
Germany
A total exemption from the Excise Duty on Mineral Oil for pure & blended Bio fuels w.e.f. January 2004 up to 31st December 2009,which is based on % of Bio fuels included in Final blend. Higher the proportion,greater the reduction.
No excise tax for biodiesel substituting standard fuels,either unblended or blended with fossil diesel in the vehicle tank.
The 2003 Budget Bill allows for a complete exemption of Excise Duties of up to 409 Euro / Kl on all fuels derived from bio mass including Biodiesel.
Tax incentive for VOME (470 Euro/M3) includes Carbon tax incentive & only applies to pure VOME.
Tax Incentive $ 607/ MT
France
Biodiesel to substitute 5% of Diesel fuel by 2005.
Excise Taxes on Petroleum products do not apply toBio fuels.
Tax incentive adopted for VOME mixed with dieselwithin allotted quota, 320,000 MT/year for Biodiesel.
Tax Incentive $ 490/ MT
Austria
The Austrian Law on Tax Reforms 2000 exempts theuse of pure Bio diesel & the blending of it .
100 % tax exemption on pure Biodiesel
100% tax exemption if up to 2% biodiesel is blendedwith diesel fuel.
Currently a tax incentive of 290 Euro/M3 applies topure VOME used in motor fuel blends up to 2%.
Tax Incentive $ 431/ MT
United Kingdom
UK Government has EU targets to replace 2% fossil
fuels by renewable fuels by 2005, to reach 5% by
2010.
UK Government offered 20 pence per litre duty
incentive for Biodiesel on January 1,2003.
UK is authorized to apply a differentiated rate of
Excise Duty to fuels containing Biodiesel
Tax Incentive $ 205/ MT
Contribution of bioenergy to
Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES)
Source: The World Bank, 2010
Projected bioenergy production (2005-2030)
Source: The World Bank, 2010
Forces affecting bioenergy development
Economic FactorsEnergy security
Environmental benefitsRural Development and
Economic opportunities
Forces
Source: The World Bank, 2010
Projected TPES from primary solid biomass (2005-2030)
Source: The World Bank, 2010
Annual bioethanol consumption for fuel (1975-2008)
Annual biodiesel consumption for fuel (1970-2008)
Source: The World Bank, 2010
LOGO