GOAL: IDENTIFY STRATEGIES USED TO BRING ATTENTION TO THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
The Civil Rights Movement
Bell Ringer
How did each amendment change the lives of African-Americans in the US?
13th
14th
15th
Plessy v. Ferguson
Established “separate but equal”
What are some examples of services that this rule applied to?
Brown v. Board
Linda Brown sues Topeka KS school district. Said that going to segregated
school made her feel inferior
Supreme Court rules Separate but Equal unconstitutional. Segregation must end “with all
deliberate speed”
Brown v. Board Reactions
Many African Americans rejoiced
Most whites accepting of decision
Segregationalists vow to disobey decision
Little Rock
Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus says that he can not keep order under integration. Orders National Guard to turn 9 black students away
Eisenhower sends in US troops to escort students.
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks arrested for refusing to give up her bus seat to a white man.
Boycott organized by MLK
Supreme Court rules that bus segregation unconstitutional.
Birmingham
Birmingham most segregated city in America 40% Black population
Eugene “Bull” Connor in charge of Birmingham police Dogs Fire Hoses Cattle Prods
Birmingham
MLK and 900 others arrested Most under the age of 30
TV broadcasts showed the nation how protestors were treated
Birmingham integrates all facilities
MLK and Non-Violence
Born 1929 in Atlanta, GA
Baptist Minister
MLK helps to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Organized non-violent protests in the
south
Assassinated in 1968
MLK Clip
1. Where is the speech taking place at?
2. Who is the audience?
3. Why does King focus on Alabama?
4. Why is the Civil Rights movement important to America’s image during the Cold War?
Malcolm X and Black NationalismFollowed Nation of Islam
Believed in a separate African American identity
Opposed integration
“By any means necessary”
Killed in NYC
MLK and Malcolm X
How did MLK and Malcolm X differ in their views on religion?
How did the two differ on integration?
How did they differ on the methods they were willing to use to achieve equal rights?
In your opinion, why do these differences exist?
Civil Rights Groups
NAACP Worked to end segregation through legal battles
CORE Congress of Racial Equality Organized confrontations with Segregationalists
SNCC Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee Organized students against segregation
Sit Ins
Lunch counters segregated
Black and white students joined to occupy white lunch counters across the South
Sit ins often met with violence
Freedom Rides
1960 Supreme Court calls for integration of all interstate buses
CORE and SNCC send riders to test the Southern States
Buses attacked and riders beaten Government Agents and
Reporters harmed in attack
Review Questions1. Why was the ruling of Brown v. Board
important to the Civil Rights Movement?
2. How did Eisenhower force integration in Little Rock Arkansas?
3. What event lead to the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
4. How did the beliefs and methods Malcolm X and MLK differ?
5. What were two methods of protests used to bring attention to the Civil Rights Movement?
Bell Ringer
1. How did the methods of Malcolm X differ from those of MLK?
2. List two forms of peaceful protest as discussed in class yesterday.
Political ActionTruman
Integrated military Fought for anti-lynching laws
Democrats split Southern Democrats create new party known as
“Dixiecrats” led by Sen. Strom Thurmond of SC
Eisenhower
Civil Rights Act of 1957: Aimed at increasing voting among African Americans Strom Thurmond longest
filibuster in US history
Operation Wetback Deported hundreds of
Latinos to Mexico
Kennedy
Appoints Thurgood Marshall First African American Supreme
Court Justice
Signed equal housing bills into law
Never actually proposed any real legislation until 1963
Johnson
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Passed to “honor” JFK “We’ve lost the South for a generation”
Banned the use of race based voting standardsProhibited discrimination in public servicesWithheld federal funds from any program that
practiced discrimination
Fighting to Vote: SelmaAfrican American voters
in Selma, AL arrested while waiting in line
King organizes march from Selma to the capitol of Montgomery 3,200 People show up
Johnson sends in troops to protect the march from local police
Fighting to Vote
Freedom Summer Students and volunteers spend the summer of 1964
registering African Americans in the South Only 20% of African Americans registered to vote
Johnson
24th Amendment Outlawed poll taxes
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Put elections in the hands of
federal employees
Nixon’s Southern Strategy
Worked for integration “Racism is America’s greatest
failure”
Focused on white voters Only needed 10% of black vote to
win
Emphasized states’ and gun rights
Types of Segregation
De Jure Segregation: Segregation by law Outlawed completely in 1964
De facto Segregation: As a matter of fact Does it still exist? De facto
Violence in the Movement
Black Panthers: Militant political group focused on uniting the black community. Fought police brutality and
financial oppression
Watts Riot Racial issues spark riots in
Los Angeles
Women’s Liberation
Betty Friedan writes the Feminine Mystic
Talks about the plight of the housewife
Women begin to question their role in society
Review
1. For each president, write one sentence explaining how they impacted the Civil Rights movement.
TrumanEisenhowerJFKLBJNixon
2. How are de facto and de jure segregation different?