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Commerc ial Supp ress ion Group
The Agent
Total Flooding Extinguishing System
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Burkhard KrafftTechnical Services Manager EMEA
FM-200
Introduction Components
Install./Maint.Design
Exam
This Training
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January 7, 20143
Burkhard KrafftTechnical Services Manager EMEA
FM-200
Introduction Components
Install./Maint.Design
Exam
This Training
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January 7, 20144
Basics
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Fire Classification
All agents we will discuss later in detail are effective on class A (E), B and C fires.
American European/Australiasian Fuel/Heat sourceClass A Class A Ordinary combustibles
Class BClass B Flammable liquids
Class C Flammable gases
Class C Class E * Electrical equipmentClass D Class D Combustible metals
Class K Class F Cooking oil or fat
*Fires that involve any of the materials found in Class A and B fires, but with the
introduction of an electrical appliance, wiring, or other electrically energizedobjects in the vicinity of the fire, with a resultant electrical shock risk if aconductive agent is used to control the fire
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How To Extinguishing A Fire?
The Fire Triangle
The triangle illustrates the basic rule thatin order to ignite and burn, a fire requiresthree elements:
1. heat
2. fuel3. oxidizing agent, usually oxygen.
The fire is prevented or extinguishedby removing any one of them or acombination of them (i.e. heat andoxygen).
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How To Extinguishing A Fire?
The Fire Tetrahedron
The Fire Triangle fails to identify thefourth essential element of fire:the sustaining chemical reaction.
That is why the Fire Triangle has largely
been replaced in the industry by the firetetrahedron, which provides a morecomplete model.Some fire suppression agents do notremove or reduce any of the threenecessary components, but ratherinterfere with their chemical combination,such as Halon, FM-200.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Fire_tetrahedron.svg8/13/2019 1 FM200 Agent
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How To Extinguishing A Fire?
A. Removing the fuel (very unlikely), but if
the fire runs out of fuel, it will stop
B. Removing the heat
Water (fire brigade, sprinklersystems, water mist systems*)
Chemicalagents**(FM-200,Novec1230)
C. Reducing the oxygen level
CO2 systems
Inert gas systems (Inergen, IG-55,
Argon etc.)D. A combination of B. and C.
* Water mist additionally reduces the oxygen level near the flames** Chemical agents also have chemical means
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System Comparison
Inert gas systemsReducing the oxygen level in the hazard to < 15% Inergen(52% N2+ 40% Argon + 8% CO2) IG-55 (50% N2+ 50% Argon) Argon (100% Argon) Nitrogen (100% N2)
"Chemical" systemsHeat removal + chemical means
FM-200 Novec 1230 Halon 1301
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The agent ...
shall extinguish fires (without damage)
shall be acceptable for the environment
shall be safe for human beings
Important Agent Features
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The Answer
A system with the Clean AgentFM-200
First generation Halon 1301replacement
very good extinguishing capability environmentally acceptable
safe for people
safe for equipment
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The Answer
FM-200
is also known as ...
HFC 227 ea CF
3-CHF-CF
3
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The Answer
FM-200
was the first Halon 1301 replacementto be awarded U.L. listing & F.M. approval
Is globally accepted Tens of thousands of FM-200fire suppression
systems are protecting critical facilities andhigh-value assets around the world
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What is FM-200 ?
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... a Clean Agent a replacement for Halon 1301
contains no Bromine or Chlorine (ODP=0)
colorless and odourless
safe for people no electric conductivity
no residues
causes no damage to
electronic equipment
books / papers
paintings / objects of art
What is FM-200?
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Physical Properties
Chemical Formula: CF3CHFCF3
Boiling Point @ 1 atm: -16.4 C
Vapour Pressure @ 20C: 3.91 bar (56.7 psi)
Gas Density @ 1 atm, 20C: 7,3 kg/m (1.95 lb/ft)
Liquid Density @ 20C: 1.407 kg/l
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How does FM-200 work ?
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The present understanding of thefunctioning of FM-200is that 80%of its fire fighting effectiveness isachieved through heat absorption
and 20%throughdirect chemicalmeans(action of the fluorine radicalon the chain reaction of a flame).
Great Lakes:
"FM-200absorbs heat from theflame zone and interrupts the
chemical chain reaction of the
combustion process."
Mode of Operation
How does FM-200
extinguish a fire ?
No oxygen reduction! FM200GLCC
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Mode of Operation
A B C
FM-200
is suitable for
EU: solid+electrical flam. liquid gases
USA: solid flam. liquid+gas electrical
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Thermal decomposition
Mode of Operation
A constraint?Dangerous?
The facts
1. All chemical agents decompose at higher temperatures.
2. FM-200 decomposes in excess of 500C.
3. It forms halogen acids (HF)
4. HF will be readily detected by a sharp, pungent odour before
maximum hazardous exposure levels are reached.
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Thermal decomposition
Mode of Operation
A constraint?Dangerous?
What to do?
1. Avoiding high temperature levels by using early detectionsystems for rapid system discharge.
2. Avoid applications where permanently hot surfaces>500C are expected.
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Thermal decomposition
Mode of Operation
A constraint?Dangerous?
A problem for standard applications (EDP etc.)?
No!
1. Rapid fire suppression with a properly designed detectionand extinguishing system.
2. 6-10 seconds flooding time avoid big heat volumes.
3. Decomposition products from the fire itself (i.e. carbonmonoxide, smoke), create a greater hazard.
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Environmental Compatibility
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What is important ?
Environment
Cl or Br + O3
Ozone
Depletion
Atm. Lifetime+ IR Absorbance
Global Warming
"Greenhouse Effect"
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Ozone Depletion
Environment
Chlorine (Cl) and Bromine (Br) destroy ozone
when they reach the stratosphere
Result: increase of UV-B radiation
Fluorine (F) has been shown to be benign to O3
(stratosphere)
Compounds containing F as the only halogen are
considered non-ozone depleting
(Ozone Depletion Potential = 0)
FM-200: ODP = 0
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Greenhouse Effect
Environment
Sun
Atmosphere
Earth
Solar radiationpasses through theclear atmosphere
Some solar radiation isreflected by the Earthand the atmosphere
Most radiation is absorbed by theEarth's surface and warms it
Infrared radiation is emittedfrom the Earth's surface
Some of the IR-radiation isabsorbed and re-emitted by thegreenhouse gases. The effect is
to warm the lower atmosphereand the Earth's surface.
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Greenhouse Effect
Environment
the potential of the greenhouse gases (CO2and
others) is a function of
IR absorption (GlobalWarmingPotential) AtmosphericLifeTime
GWPis a reference value; GWP of CO2= 1
FM-200: GWP = 3500, ALT = 33 years
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Reduction of GWP
Environment
Halon 1301 (GWP=6900)
FM-200(GWP=3500)
49% Reduction
PFC-3-1-10 (GWP=9000)Perfluorobutane
61% Reduction
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Agent Comparison
Environment
Halon1301 FM-200 HFC-125 InertGases
ODP 12 0 0 0
GWP* 6900 3500 3400 n.a.
ALT (years) 65 33 29.0 n.a.
* IPCC 2001
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Environment
European-wide approach to containing andreducing fluorinated gas emissions(published Aug. 2006)
EU F-Gas Regulation
Hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) means an 0rganic compoundcomprising carbon, hydrogen and fluorine only and with nomore than six carbon atoms in the molecule (e.g. FM-200)
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There is no restriction on use or placing on
the market of Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
Note: Fluorinated greenhouse gases will not bepermitted to be deployed in non-refillable containers.This precludes their use as fire extinguishants in anydisposable extinguisher.
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Operators of fire protection systems must use allmeasures which are technically feasible and notdisproportionately costly to prevent leakage of thegases, and must expeditiously take action to
repair any detected leakage.
Environment
EU F-Gas Regulation
As of 4 July 2007, newly installed HFC fire fighting systemscontaining over 300kg of HFCs must be fitted with a leakage
detection device which alerts the operator.Existing systemscontaining over 300kg must be fitted with
such a device by 4 July 2010.
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Environment
EU F-Gas RegulationFluorinated Operators must ensure that systemsare inspected for leakage by certificatedpersonnel according to the following schedules:
At least every 12 months for systems having more than 3 kg gasAt least every 6 months for systems having more than 30 kg gas
At least every 3 months for systems having more than 300 kg gas
Leakage inspection within 1 month after a leak has been repaired.
Where leakage detection systems are installed, the fire protection systeminspection frequency noted above for 30+ kg and 300+ kg systems arehalved.
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Environment
EU F-Gas RegulationOperators must maintain records on quantity
and types of gases in installed systems;
the quantities added and recovered during
maintenance, servicing and disposal; the dates and results of inspections and the
Company and technicians involved.
These records must be made available on request to thecompetent authority and the Commission.
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Environment
EU F-Gas RegulationFor all HFCs that are deployed super-pressurisedwith nitrogen as a propelling agent, an installedleakage detection system can be a pressuremeasuring device (pressure gauge or pressureswitch) fitted to each container:
In the case of a pressure gauge regular (weekly in accordancewith BS ISO 14520) recorded inspections will be required toconfirm status
In the case of a pressure switch, a connected alarm willenunciate this fault condition.
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Human Safety
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Human Safety
Definitions:
NOAEL= No Observed Adverse Effect LevelThe highest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to have noharmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.
LOAEL= Lowest Observed Adverse Effect LevelThe lowest tested dose of a substance that has been reported to causeharmful (adverse) health effects on people or animals.
Adverse Health EffectA change in body function or cell structure that might lead to disease orhealth problems.
LC50LC stands for "Lethal Concentration". Used if the lethal effects frombreathing a compound are to be tested.LC50 isthe concentration of a chemical in air that kills 50% of the testanimals in a given time (usually four hours).
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an issue ?
Human Safety
Oxygen reduction? No
Safety levels? NOAEL = 9.0% *LOAEL > 10.5% **
LC50 (4 hour rat test) >80%
* No Observed Adverse Effect Level** Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level
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an issue ?
Human Safety
DesignConcentration
NOAEL Safety Margin
Halon 1301 5% 5% 0%
FM-200 7.2%-8.7% 9% 3% - 25%
HFC-125 8% - 11.5% 7.5% 0%
Inertgases 38% - 40% 43% 7% - 13%
CO2 35% - 50%
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Human Safety
Health Approvals
GERMANY: Hygiene Institute
UNITED STATES: EPA
AUSTRALIA: National Industrial Chemical
Notification & Assessment Scheme
FRANCE: Ministry of Health
UNITED KINGDOM: HAG Report
FM-200 extinguishes is so safe, it has beendesignated as a replacement for CFCs aspropellant in pharmaceutical inhalers
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Typical Applications
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A li ti
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Applications
Data Vaults
A li ti
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Applications
Cell Sites
A li ti
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Applications
Control Rooms
A li ti
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Applications
Air Traffic Control Center
A li ti
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Applications
Hospitals
CT Scan Rooms
MRI Rooms
Mobile MRI and CT
Scan Trailers
Data Center
File Storage
A li ti
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Applications
Satellite Stations
A li ti
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Applications
Archives
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Summary
Wh ?
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Why ?
Why does your customer need
a fire suppression system ?
Wh ?
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January 7, 201452
Why ?
To protect his computers / hardware ?
Not really
Replacing hardware is not so expensive anymoreIn most cases the insurence will pay
Why ?
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January 7, 201453
Why ?
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
The result of a fire may be ...
no telecommunication
no manufacturing
no quotations no shipment
no invoices
and ... and ... and
Finally, your customer looses money by not doing
business, he may even loose his customers !
Why ?
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Why ?
$17,000/sec
$1,000,000/hr
Clean Room Large EDPFacility
Oil Production
$40,000/hr
40% of businesses that experiencefire stay out of business for good
Costs of NOT doing business
TO SECURE YOUR CUSTOMERS BUSINESS !
Why a FM 200 System?
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January 7, 201455
Why a FM-200 System?
FM-200
has a very good extinguishing capability
heat absorption
is environmentally acceptable ODP = 0
GWP = 3500 / ALT = 33 years
is safe for people
design concentr. = 7.2%-8.7%, NOAEL=9
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Thank you for
your attention