Bellringer
Place your homework (the dinner party!) in the bin.
Look over your Renaissance Notes
BJOTD: What did the alien say to the gardener?
After the Renaissance Quiz
When the computer is free, email me the link to your Prezi.
Work on the Reformation Reading guide using the purple book!
Quiz Review
Work with a partner next to you to go over the answers from your last quiz What did you miss? What were you good on?
What are your weaknesses? What do you think you can do to improve your
grade next time?
Quiz Remediation
1 week Must be written by HAND Can use all notes and activities Opportunity to earn extra points (50!!) in
the purple category!
Bellringer On the back of your homework from last
night (the Reading Guide) please title the blank page “Bellringer 9/22/11” and complete this t-chart
BJOTD: Where does Santa hide his money?
Classroom Activity The Reformation
• The school attempted to raise money by selling points
to students• ·Students who performed
poorly on the quiz or other assignments were told they could still earn high grades
by selling points• Students who honored the
academic process or who couldn’t afford points were
troubled by the policy, believing it unfair.
Objectives
The Students will know: What simony, usury, and indulgences are Who was Martin Luther, Jan Huss, and John Wycliffe
The Students will understand: People desired a change in the way the Catholic
Church was run in Europe The Students will be able to:
Describe Martin Luther’s actions leading to the Protestant Reformation
List 3 reasons why people wanted church reform Identify two earlier reformers of the church prior to
Luther
CHALLENGING THE AUTHORITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH
Church Abuses
Even before the Renaissance, people were critical of the Catholic Church. Nobles in Germany and
England hated the Italian domination of the Church
Merchants challenged the church’s view of no usury Usury: lending money at a
high rate of interest
Common Complaints: Many priests were illiterate Nuns and priests were
having illegitimate children Church officials were
charging to see holy remains and objects
Simony: the practice of paying for a church position
Indulgences: They are certificates issued by the church for money that would reduce or cancel punishment for your sins
FREEDOM FROM SIN
Early Attempts at Reform
John Wycliffe (1328-1384) Catholic Priest and reformer Beliefs
Felt that the church (and its officials) should be poor
Believed that church officials should not interfere with the government of a country
Jan Huss (1372-1415) From Bohemia Influenced by the ideas of John Wycliffe Teacher at the University of Prague Preached the ideas of Wycliffe and spoke out
against indulgences
Jan Huss ends up being put on trial and burned at the stake for heresy Heresy: a proposed
change to a system of beliefs that conflicts with the established system
July 6th is considered a holiday in the Czech Republic
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Don’t forget: You can
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1500s: The Renaissance Causes Unrest
The Renaissance values of humanism, individualism, and secularism stimulated widespread criticism of the Catholic Church
Why? People began to think for and about
themselves, and wondered why the Church, who abused their power, had so much of it.
The Protestant Reformation
A religious movement during the 1500s that attempted to reform the Roman Catholic Church, and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
Martin Luther
Who: German priest and reformer
Views: Salvation by faith
A person can go to heaven based on faith alone
The Bible is the ultimate authority of religion
All humans are equal before god
Movie
Why did Pope Leo increase the sales of indulgences?
What is an indulgence?
Why was it beneficial for people to buy an indulgence?
Luther’s Protest
Pope Leo X (and Johann Tetzel) was trying to raise money to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome
So he sold INDULGENCES and church positions
Luther did not agree with this"As soon as a coin in the coffer rings /
the soul from purgatory springs”
Luther HATED this idea
Professor in Wittenburg, Germany Lectured on a regular basis against the
church’s actions that he deemed corrupt On October 31, 1517 he nailed his “95
Theses” to the door of the Wittenburg church.
The 95 Theses
Said that the Catholic Church was corrupt in Germany
Printed Copies were spread throughout Germany, and so…
Sales of Indulgences went down Luther published more essays advocating
Justification by Faith Pope Leo X sent people to try to stop
Luther but he refused to stop So the Pope excommunicated Luther
from the Catholic Church Excommunicated: kicked out of the church
Those who believed in Luther’s ideas became Lutherans
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poll.
John Calvin (1509-1564)
Who: French religious scholar and pastor
1536: Calvin wrote “Institutions of Christian Religion” which outlined his beliefs and helped spread the Protestant Movement
Views: Predestination: God has
already decided who will be saved (faith/good works won’t help!)
Your faith is revealed by living a righteous life
You need to have a strong work ethic (work hard!)
The Life of a Citizen
All citizens had to attend Reformed church services several times a week
The Consistory inspected homes annually to make sure that no one was disobeying laws
Harsh punishments were dispensed to people who disobeyed the laws
NO… Drunkennes
s Fighting Swearing Gambling Card playing Dancing
Followers: Calvinists Scotland: John Knox adapted Calvin’s views
and created Presbyterianism
Henry VIII
Had some women troubles….
How many wives did he have? What was the song?
Why did he come into conflict with the church, do you think?
Henry VIII
Who: King of England from 1509 until his death
Needed: a son! He didn’t think his wife
Catherine of Aragon could give him one, so he needed a divorce.
Divorce is illegal in the Catholic Church, and the pope refused to annul the marriage.
1529-Henry left the Catholic Church Passed the Act of Supremacy:
a law that declared the King of England the head of the Church in England (instead of the Pope!)
He also stole all of the $$$ from the Catholic Churches in England.
The Terrible Tudors
Who ruled after Henry VIII?
What religion were each of these individuals?
Brain Pop: Queen Elizabeth
What religion was Elizabeth?
What policies did she encourage amongst her people concerning religion?
What else was she known for?
Elizabeth I
Who: Queen of England after her brother Edward and her sister Mary both died
Made Anglicanism the official religion of England
Encouraged religious tolerance (letting people believe in what they wanted to believe)
Defeated the Spanish Armada
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Poll: This individual believed that he had the...
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Poll: This individual believed that God has al...
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Poll: This person signed the Act of Supremacy.
Bellringer
Using your homework, on a piece of paper labeled “Bellringer 9/26/11” (# 15 in your notebook) please answer the following questions (you don’t have to write the questions down!): How did Luther feel about the Church? Why? How did Henry VIII feel about the Church? Why? How did Elizabeth I feel about her new Church?
Why? Use your notes!
BJOTD: Why couldn’t the bike stand up on its own?
THE CATHOLIC COUNTER-
REFORMATION
The Counter-Reformation (1545-1648)
A movement to change the Catholic Church in response to Protestant rebellions
What the Counter Reformation Did: eliminated abuses clarified Catholic theology, or religious beliefs re-established the pope’s authority over church
members
Council of Trent
Date: 1545-1563 Purpose: to redefine the teachings of
the Catholic Church Result(s):
Forbade selling indulgences Created religious schools Confirmed that Catholics achieve salvation by
faith and good works Restarted the Inquisition
Inquisition: religious court responsible for finding and punishing heretics (people against the church)
Counter-Reformation Promoted Through Art
Baroque: style that
emphasized emotion, complexity, and exaggeration
(This is Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s “Apollo and Daphne”)
Society of Jesus Founded to Spread Catholicism Around the World
Other Name: Jesuits Founder: Ignatius of Loyola What did they do?
Went to different countries to try and convert people to Catholicism
Opened universities in many countries Became advisors to royal courts
Question Break
What were three changes that the Catholic Church made to try and fix its reputation?
The Political Impact of the Reformation in Europe
France Protestants in
France: Huguenots St. Bartholomew’s
Day Massacre (August 24, 1572) What happened?
3,000 Huguenots killed in France in one day
Edict of Nantes passed in 1598 Law passed in France that gave Huguenots
religious freedom
Bellringer
Please turn in your Remediation to the bin. Use your notes to answer the worksheet on
the social changes. Objective: SWBAT assess the effects of
relevant social changes during the Renaissance and Reformation as well as review for an upcoming test.
BJOTD: Why did the baker bake more bread?
German States in the Holy Roman Empire
The Peasant’s Revolt Serfs demanded: freedom from serfdom Luther said: show them no mercy!
Luther’s Inspiration to German Princes (1529)
Princes split into two sides One group supported the Pope One group supported Luther’s ideas
Peace of Augsburg (1555)
Meeting of German princes in the HRE Decision: the religion of each German
state could be decided by its ruler
Question Break
What two agreements began the ideas of religious tolerance in Europe?
The Thirty Year War (1618-1648)
Fought between the Hapsburgs (Catholic Ruling Family) and the German Protestant Princes
The Thirty Year War was a conflict over religion, territory, and for power among European ruling families.
2 Phases of the War1. Hapsburg Family (Catholics) was
winning They had more money—so what?
2. In the end, the Hapsburg Family was defeated
The French began to fear that the Hapsburgs were gaining too much power so the French got involved.
Cardinal Richelieu: a French religious and political leader who supported the German princes
**IMPORTANT**
Because Cardinal Richelieu went against his religion of Catholicism, he changed the war from a religious war (Protestant vs. Catholics) to a political war (Hapsburg ruling family vs. the French nobility)
Peace of Westphalia (1648)
Ended the 30 Year War Results:
1st: Weakened the Hapsburg states of Spain and Austria
2nd: Strengthened France by awarding it German territory
3rd: Ended Religious Wars in Europe
In Conclusion…
The Renaissance had been a “rebirth” in Europe of learning, ideas, and beauty.
The Protestant Reformation stemmed from the questioning that humanism encouraged
The Catholic Reformation was a response to the abuses the Protestant Reformation brought to light
In the end, Europe is religiously divided
Question Break
1. What country or empire do you feel was most affected by Luther’s 95 Theses? Why?
2. Why did the German princes use the opportunity of Luther’s 95 Theses to break away from the Church?
3. What was the importance of Cardinal Richelieu to the 30 Years War?