27.4755-5(497.16Kotor)13:75.057.033.046.3 PRO REMEDIO ANIMAE XIV
: XIV . - . -pro remedio animae , ad pias causas, XIV . - . XIV -.
- , . - XIV . - .,,- , - . . -.1 XIV -1JacobusdeVoragine,Te Golden
Legend. Readings on the Saints,vol.2, Princeton, 1993, 280. , 274
Balcanica XXXV -,.2 - , - , . - - . -, , . . : , , , - . -,
Depositio Elevatio . - , cfr. . Le Gof, Nastanak istilita, Sremski
Karlovci Novi Sad, 1992, 163191, et passim.2 , v. V. ivkovi, Zidno
slikarstvo u crkvi Svete Marije Koleate u Kotoru, 21 (1999),
119155. . , XIV 275 . , pro remedio animae XIV - .3 - -XIIIXIV. , 3
, () , . IXX. , , cif. S. Ferber, Crucixion Iconography in a Group
of Carolin-gianIvoryPlaques,Te Art Bulletin XLVIII n. 3&4,
September-December 1966,323334. XI , - ( , Bibl. Nat. Par, gr. 74).
XIII, . XIV , cif. S. der Ner-sessian, Recherches sur les
miniatures du Parisinus graecus 74, Jahrbuch der sterre-ichischen
byzaninistik (Wien 1972), 109115. , , . ,XIV 276 Balcanica XXXV .
XIII ,4 . - , , - - . - .1518. (Epitaphi-um Bernardi Pimae poetae
laureati) -:: , . (Has ego supremas tabulas in morte relinquo,
Nudam animam Christo, putrida membra solo).5 , ,-, XIV . - - . , .
. , , . post mortem , , . , XIV. , .proremedioanimae- , . - , -4 .
Le Gof, op. cit, 265.5 G. Gelcich, Memorie storiche sull Bocche di
Cattaro, Zara, 1880, 197198.277 . , pro remedio animae XIV .6 , -
.7 -, , - (, , libri anniversariorum, libri annualium). , ,
.Commemoratiomortuorum .8 - . . XVI , -.9reclusa-, , -6 -, , , post
mortem , v. R. N. Swanson, Religion and Devotion in Europe, c.
1215-c.1515, Cambridge 1995, 115, 191234.7 ,
-,cif.J.Henderson,PietyandCharityinLateMedievalFlorence, Chicago
and London, 1994, 163168, et passim.8 J , cif. . ,
Necrolo-giumRagusinum(A.D.M.CC.XXV),XI-1 (1970), 149173. 9Serano
Razzi(15311611) 1589. 1592. . -. : Vita della revernda serva di Dio
la madre suor Osanna da Cattaro, dellordine di San Domenico. . - ,
. . - Vita della Beata Osanna da Cattaro, , . - , 110 . - , , cif.
. . -, XII XIX , , 1996, 102129. 278 Balcanica XXXV , . XIV , XVI ,
pro remedio animae , , XIV XVI .10 - XVI , . , - , , . , . . , , ,
[], , .11 -,, - , . , , , - .12 , XVI . pro remedio animae . -
-:,,. .13 10 Caritas, , - XIV, XV XVI .11 . . , 117118.12 Ibid,
118120.13Te Golden Legend,282,284.XIV,1400., , unus liber voraginis
- , . 279 . , pro remedio animae XIV , , - . , , , , , . - XIII . -
. , - XIV .14 , , adpiascausas . , -, XIV XV , . -. , , - , . -, .
, - . -. - , .15 XIV , - ad pias causas. XIV , - (33 14 ), v. . , ,
CV (1956), 19; . , , , 1980, 155156.14 . Le Gof, op. cit, 299301.15
Ibid, 235236, 299.280 Balcanica XXXV, . , - , , - , .16 , - . , , .
- 1336. : Ego Johannes Marini Glauac-ti iacens inrmus, sanamtamen
memoriamet loquelamhabens, facio meumultimum testamentum de rebus
meis. . , .17 , . - - .18 , , , , , , , post mortem - pro remedio
animae. 1326. , (EgoPaulusNycoleDabronisjacensinrmus, timens, ne
morsmesubitoaggrediatur,faciomeumultimumtestamentum.)- , pro missis
pro anima mea. , (vigili-as).19 (utrogetdeumdeumprome), 1331. . 16
-,cif..S.K.Cohn,Jr,Te Cult of Remembrance and the BlackDeath. Six
Renaissance Cities in Central Italy, Baltimore and London,
19972.17MomumentaCatarensia,Kotorskispomenici.Drugaknjigakotorskihnotara
god. 1329, 13321337., vol. 2, ed. A. Mayer, Zagreb, 1981, (: MC,
vol. 2), . 1042.18 - Timor mortis conturbat me v. R. N. Swanson,
loc. cit. 19 MC, vol. 2, . 54.281 . , pro remedio animae XIV , - ,
: Ego Marinus Junii Bolie inrmus iacens et mori metuens intestatus,
cum sana mente mea, me-moria et loquela facio hoc meum ultimum
testamentum. - - pro missi cantandis.20 1331. (tamen dubitans mori
intestatus). , - , .21 1326. , (inrma iacens, timens mori), (sana
tamen memoria et lo-cutione). pater spiritualis, pro anima .22 , ,
- 1336. cum sana memoria et loquela -. , , (in primisvolo),.
proanimamea,promissis,provigiliis.23 ,
-1335.,uxoriscondamNucedeGonni. quodrogentdeum pro me. , quod
rogent deum pro anima mea. , fratri Laurentio, guardiano de
Catharo, dompno Vi-te, patrino meo.24 - 1336. , : In primis volo,
quod dentur pro missis perperi quadraginta quatuor pro anima mea.25
Georgius Cerneli 1336. - , -20 Monumenta Catarensia. Kotorski
spomenici. Prva knjiga kotorskih notara od god. 13261335, vol. 1,
ed. A. Mayer, Zagreb, 1951, (: MC, vol. 1), . 802.21 Ibid, . 732.22
Ibid, . 13.23 MC, vol. 2, . 1372.24 Ibid, . 1142.25 Ibid, .
1604.282 Balcanica XXXV , .26 -1327.. (transcribere et
reducereadpublicamformam).-, , -. Basilius Mathei inrmus jacens,
sanamhabens memoriamet loqu-ellam, hoc ultimum testamentum meum de
rebus meis dispono - , - . , ut mei defuncti non jaceant sine
memoria . (teneatur facere vigilias duas fratribus minoribus, unam
quarum in animau-ersario patris mei et aliam in animauersario
matris mee). quod rogent deum pro me, , patri meo spirituali,
presbitero Ricardo ... quod ipse me habeat recomandatum in suis
orationibus.27 , , (unum pran-diumproanimamea).1327. (pro anima mea
pro mille missis). , : Item volo, quod de vino, quod debeo ha-bere
in vineis, et de vaca, quam habeo apud Medoye, hominem Belcatii,
atunum prandium pro anima mea. Item habeo, apud dictum Medoye unam
va-cam et unum bouem de la pripassa, aut dictus Medoye det vacam
aut bouem predictos, qui uel que iungatur alteri vace pro uno
prandio supradicto.28 - , 1335. (...vache cum pecoribus...vendantur
et dentur pro anima mea). - (facere vigilias 26 Ibid, . 1616.27 MC,
vol. 1, . 438.28 Ibid, . 365. pietanza -,v. J. Henderson, op. cit,
167.283 . , pro remedio animae XIV
tresinanimauersariopatrismeiunam,etaliaminanimauersariomatris
mee,ettertiaminanimauersariomeo). vigiliam omni anno in
animauersario meo. , ad cantandum missas mille pro anima mea et
patris et matris mee.29 . , - , , . - 1327. -. , -,(inaliquode
peccato), (... Petrus dixit dicto calameto animam se habere
cariorem...).30 , , XIV - . , -, , , . , post mortem- , - . PRAYERS
PRO REMEDIO ANIMAE AT 14TH-CENTURY KOTORSummar
yWiththegrowingbeliefintherealityofpurgatoryinmedievaltimes,the
hopewasalsorisingofthesalvationofthesoulsdwellinginthatabode.Bythe
fourteenthcenturytheconceptofpurgatoryhadalreadybeendeveloped,and
prayers, services and charitable acts came to be regarded as the
most ecient aid tothe souls of the dead. Te hopes that people
coping with the imminence of deathplaced in the eectiveness of
prayers and masses pro remedio animae, and the belief in the
existence of purgatory will be discussed by using the example of
Kotor in the rst half of the fourteenth century, on the basis of
wall-paintings and wills.29 MC, vol. 2, . 1204.30 MC, vol. 1, .
491.284 Balcanica XXXVIntherst decades of the fourteenth century
the souls of the dead
weredepictedinthesceneoftheGeneralResurrectionincludedintheCrucixionpainted
in the apse of the Collegiata of St Mary at Kotor. In the context
of euharistic and soteriological symbolism of the iconographic
programme of the apse, the motif of the General Resurrection the
souls of the dead depicted as babies that, wrapped in swaddling
clothes, emerge from their sarcophagi explicitly expresses the idea
of supplication. But the peoples concern with the eectiveness of
prayers for the deliveranceofsoulsfrompurgatoryisfullyconrmed by
the surviving wills dating to
the1320sand1330s.EverycitizenofKotorcouldorderinhiswillthatmasses,
commemorationservicesandprayersforthesalvationofhissoulandthesouls
ofhisancestorsshouldbeoered. Te number and solemnity of the masses
andprayers depended on the amount of money a person was able to set
aside for that purpose. Te imminence of death, timens mori, made
people think of repentance. Still, the conventional formulae of
testamentary provisions for pias causas reveal a genuine fear that
death may catch them unprepared, i.e. with no charitable acts, with
no repentance and, especially, with no insurance that their souls
will be delivered from purgatory through masses and prayers.