very preliminary Comparative Advantage and the Effects of Place-Based Policies: Evidence from China’s Export Processing Zones Zhao Chen # , Sandra Poncet * , Ruixiang Xiong # # China Center of Economic Studies, Fudan University * Paris School of Economics (University of Paris 1) and CEPII 22/6/12
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very preliminary
Comparative Advantage and the Effects of Place-Based Policies: Evidence from
China’s Export Processing Zones
Zhao Chen#, Sandra Poncet*, Ruixiang Xiong#
#China Center of Economic Studies, Fudan University
*Paris School of Economics (University of Paris 1) and CEPII23/4/22
I. Introduction
• Industry policies, place-based policies and Economic Zones in China
• No conclusive conclusions about the effectiveness of place-based policies (Moretti, 2010, Busso et al., 2013)
• Difficulties in evaluation of industry policies (Krugman, 1983)
– How to measure industry policy– How to identify the causality
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I. Introduction
• In this paper– The effects of export-processing zones
(EPZs)• Clear policy purpose• The role of comparative advantage
– DID estimation using a quasi-experiment of EPZs in China.
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II. Brief literature review
• The effect of industry policies (Cai, Harrison and Lin, 2011)
– Tariff policy has positive impact on TFP of industries with comparative advantage
– Comments:• Tariff policy & TFP• Comparative advantage: exporting firms• Policy of protection vs. policy of promotion
II. Brief literature review• Policy evaluation of Economic Zones• City-level data (Wei, 1995; Wang, 2013; Alder et al., 2013)
• Firm-level data (Head and Ries, 1996; Schminke and Van Biesebroeck, 2013)
• Comments:– policy at city-level, no within city difference– Few concern about the heterogeneous impact
• This paper:– Policy difference at city-industry level– Comparative advantage
III. Background of China’s EPZs
• Aim: promote exports by preferential policies
• Establishment :
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Establishment year Number of EPZs
2000 15
2001 3
2002 8
2003 13
2005 18
total 57
III. Background of China’s EPZs
• Only some industries chosen as key industries could enjoy preferential policies
• Preferential policies in EPZs : free VAT, free trade for imported
components; facilitate firm’s exporting outside : tax reimbursement when providing
firms in EPZs with intermediate goods
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IV. Data
• Data source– China annual survey of manufacturing
firms from 1998 to 2007
• Sample– To make the cities more comparable, we
only include the cities having EPZs by 2005
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3. Data
• Data cleaning Basic cleaning (Brandt et al., 2012, Nie et al.,
2012) Industry classification adjustment (Yang et al.,
2013) Administrative division adjustment (Bao et al.,