Zainab, from Kufa to Damascus Dr. A.S. Hashim References: Zainab Daughter Ali, by Ramazan Sabir Life of Abu Abdillah by Imad Zadah حياة أبو عبدالله (عماد.

Zainab, from Kufa to Zainab, from Kufa to DamascusDamascus

Dr. A.S. Hashim

References: Zainab Daughter Ali, by Ramazan SabirLife of Abu Abdillah by Imad Zadah عبدالله أبو زاده )حياة (عماد

About this slide showAbout this slide show

Zainab and other captives are on the way Zainab and other captives are on the way from Kufa to Damascus from Kufa to Damascus Paraded in the streets of DamascusParaded in the streets of DamascusConfrontation with YazidConfrontation with YazidPut in a prisonPut in a prisonRelocated to good quartersRelocated to good quartersThe return to KarbalaThe return to KarbalaFrom Karbala to MedinaFrom Karbala to Medina

Zainab in DamascusZainab in Damascus

Imam al-Husain KilledImam al-Husain Killed

Companions KilledCompanions Killed

Zainab Confronts YazidZainab Confronts Yazid

Family Members KilledFamily Members Killed

Manage the ordeal of the familyManage the ordeal of the family

Confront Ibn Ziyad and YazidConfront Ibn Ziyad and Yazid

The Captives: Zainab in chargeThe Captives: Zainab in charge

The captives consisted of 55 persons:The captives consisted of 55 persons:Zainab in chargeZainab in chargeZainul Abideen the only manZainul Abideen the only manThere were fourteen womenThere were fourteen womenAnd many children, among them was Al-BaaqirAnd many children, among them was Al-Baaqir

They were downhearted, had gone through horrendous experience, They were downhearted, had gone through horrendous experience, andandTheir captors treating them in a demeaning manner:Their captors treating them in a demeaning manner:1.1. As the vanquished group )versus the victorious Yazid fighters(As the vanquished group )versus the victorious Yazid fighters(2.2. Who had lost a power struggle in KarbalaWho had lost a power struggle in Karbala

The nightmare of Karbala haunted the captives day and nightThe nightmare of Karbala haunted the captives day and nightThey suffered from instability, lack of rest, and anxiety, all that in a They suffered from instability, lack of rest, and anxiety, all that in a strange unfamiliar surroundingsstrange unfamiliar surroundingsThey were to go to Damascus, no less than 750 miles away. They were to go to Damascus, no less than 750 miles away.

Fourteen Women as CaptorsFourteen Women as Captors

Names of the WomenNames of the Women1. Zainab daughter of Ali1. Zainab daughter of Ali 8. 8. Sukayna daughter of Al-HasanSukayna daughter of Al-Hasan

2. 2. Umm Kulthoom daughter of AliUmm Kulthoom daughter of Ali 9. Rabab9. Rabab

3. Fatima daughter of Ali3. Fatima daughter of Ali 10. 10. Aati’kaAati’ka

4. 4. Safiyya daughter of AliSafiyya daughter of Ali 11. Umm Muhsin Ibn Al-Hasan11. Umm Muhsin Ibn Al-Hasan

5. Ruqayya daughter of Ali5. Ruqayya daughter of Ali 12. 12. Daughter of Muslim Ibn AqeelDaughter of Muslim Ibn Aqeel

6. 6. Umm Hani daughter of AliUmm Hani daughter of Ali 13. Fidh’dha the Nubian13. Fidh’dha the Nubian

7. Fatima daughter of Al-Hasan7. Fatima daughter of Al-Hasan 14. 14. A servant of Imam Al-HasanA servant of Imam Al-Hasan

Zainab Cares for themZainab Cares for them

Zainab as the caretaker of the 55 captives, she:Zainab as the caretaker of the 55 captives, she:Comforted themComforted themCared for themCared for themTreated what ailed themTreated what ailed themListened to their complaintsListened to their complaintsAnd gave solace to themAnd gave solace to them

Zainab did all that with:Zainab did all that with:Tenderness and much needed love, andTenderness and much needed love, andGentleness, kindheartedness and warmthGentleness, kindheartedness and warmth

All this was given at the expense of her own needs and All this was given at the expense of her own needs and suffering, anguish, and distresssuffering, anguish, and distress

And this was in spite of the extreme pain of losing her bothers, And this was in spite of the extreme pain of losing her bothers, nephews and her own childrennephews and her own childrenAnd in spite of the demeaning treatment received by the captorsAnd in spite of the demeaning treatment received by the captors

From Kufa to DamascusFrom Kufa to Damascus

The captives, from The captives, from Kufa to Damascus,Kufa to Damascus,

Total distance about 750 Total distance about 750 milesmiles

Number of overnight Number of overnight stops: 14stops: 14

Crossing the desertCrossing the desert

On bare back camels, On bare back camels,

A very arduous fateful A very arduous fateful trip of 28 daystrip of 28 days

Karbala

The 750 Mile Route to Damascus

On the way to DamascusOn the way to Damascus

The captives were set off for Damascus The captives were set off for Damascus with a large army of horsemen and footmen with a large army of horsemen and footmen so that no one could intercept their journey. so that no one could intercept their journey.

With their mean-spirited escort, the caravan left Kufa on the 18With their mean-spirited escort, the caravan left Kufa on the 18 thth day day of Safar. of Safar. The journey was long, tough, and exhausting, more so for children The journey was long, tough, and exhausting, more so for children such as Al-Baaqir, who was only 4 year old. such as Al-Baaqir, who was only 4 year old. Sakeena was on a bare back camel: once she slipped from her Sakeena was on a bare back camel: once she slipped from her camel and fell, but was finally saved. camel and fell, but was finally saved.

After this incident, the pitiless captors changed the formation of the After this incident, the pitiless captors changed the formation of the prisoners. prisoners. Imam Zainul Abideen who was in shackles, was made to carry his son, Imam Zainul Abideen who was in shackles, was made to carry his son, Al-Baaqir, on his back. Then the same rope was tied onto his sister Al-Baaqir, on his back. Then the same rope was tied onto his sister Sakeena's neck Sakeena's neck As a result Imam Zainul Abideen could not straighten up; if he stood As a result Imam Zainul Abideen could not straighten up; if he stood straight, the rope would strangle Sakeena. straight, the rope would strangle Sakeena.

The Long Journey to DamascusThe Long Journey to Damascus

Their journey took them through many villages and towns, among Their journey took them through many villages and towns, among them were Karbala, Mosul area, Hums, and Ba'albeck. them were Karbala, Mosul area, Hums, and Ba'albeck. They were made to travel:They were made to travel:

without hijab, without hijab, and on bare-back camels. and on bare-back camels.

The heads of the martyrs were carried on spears before them. The heads of the martyrs were carried on spears before them. In some of the towns, the crowds flocked to jeer at them. In some of the towns, the crowds flocked to jeer at them. But in other areas where the people were advocates of them, they But in other areas where the people were advocates of them, they came out to fight the escorts:came out to fight the escorts:

Thus the escorts were often forced to take other routes involving long Thus the escorts were often forced to take other routes involving long diversions, diversions, and the camels were made to run faster so as to cover the extra and the camels were made to run faster so as to cover the extra distance. distance.

After about 28 days of the journey, on the 16th of Rabi ul-Awwal, the After about 28 days of the journey, on the 16th of Rabi ul-Awwal, the caravan reached Damascus. caravan reached Damascus.

Heads of the MartyrsHeads of the Martyrs

Tribes carrying heads on tip of spears:Tribes carrying heads on tip of spears: # of heads# of heads1. Qais Ibn Ash’ath of Kinda tribe1. Qais Ibn Ash’ath of Kinda tribe 1313

2. Shimr, of Hawazin tribe2. Shimr, of Hawazin tribe 1212

3. Benu Tamim tribe3. Benu Tamim tribe 1717

4. Benu Asad tribe4. Benu Asad tribe 1717

5. Different persons from various tribes5. Different persons from various tribes 1313

Total heads carried on the spears 72

In DamascusIn Damascus

Yazid was informed of their arrival and he fixed a date for their entry Yazid was informed of their arrival and he fixed a date for their entry into the city. into the city. On the morning of the appointed day, Zainab and the captives were On the morning of the appointed day, Zainab and the captives were led into Damascus. led into Damascus.

They were herded together. They were herded together. With no consideration or kindness, but only meanness and looks of With no consideration or kindness, but only meanness and looks of contempt. contempt.

The city streets were decorated and music filled the air to celebrate The city streets were decorated and music filled the air to celebrate the victor, Yazid. the victor, Yazid. People of Damascus came out in festive clothes and they rejoiced People of Damascus came out in festive clothes and they rejoiced when they saw the procession of the vanquished, preceded as when they saw the procession of the vanquished, preceded as always by the heads of the martyrs atop the spears. always by the heads of the martyrs atop the spears.

The captives, women without hijab, along with the many children were The captives, women without hijab, along with the many children were paraded through the main streets of Damascus. paraded through the main streets of Damascus.

People thought they were rebels, as had been broadcast by the People thought they were rebels, as had been broadcast by the authorities of the government.authorities of the government.

In SyriaIn Syria

People in Syria, particularly in Damascus, thought some People in Syria, particularly in Damascus, thought some rebels were subdued. rebels were subdued. The common man came to celebrate the occasion as the The common man came to celebrate the occasion as the procession proceeded, but they saw: procession proceeded, but they saw:

a procession consisting of women on bare back camels, a procession consisting of women on bare back camels, haggard, dusty and disheveled, haggard, dusty and disheveled, a man in shackles, more haggarda man in shackles, more haggardall of whom preceded by 72 heads on the tips of spears! all of whom preceded by 72 heads on the tips of spears! It must have been a grotesque scene, a scene you never like to It must have been a grotesque scene, a scene you never like to see nor a scene you can ever forget.see nor a scene you can ever forget.

But soon people found out, and with that there was high But soon people found out, and with that there was high indignation, and outrage and anger within a few days. indignation, and outrage and anger within a few days.

The government was caught red‑handed, The government was caught red‑handed, its lies exposed, and the outrage was well deserved.its lies exposed, and the outrage was well deserved.

Zainab speaks at the PalaceZainab speaks at the Palace

At the plush seat of the government, Yazid, proud of himself, was At the plush seat of the government, Yazid, proud of himself, was seated surrounded by dignitaries and men of influence. seated surrounded by dignitaries and men of influence. It was somewhat startling when he saw the bound captives arrive. It was somewhat startling when he saw the bound captives arrive. More startling was seeing the head of Al-Husain brought to him on a More startling was seeing the head of Al-Husain brought to him on a golden tray. golden tray. He, playfully touched the Imam's lips with his stick and said:He, playfully touched the Imam's lips with his stick and said:

"O Husain! You have paid the price of your revolt." "O Husain! You have paid the price of your revolt."

Taken aback at this audacity, Zainab and her companions were Taken aback at this audacity, Zainab and her companions were enraged. And so were some sympathizers present. enraged. And so were some sympathizers present. But Yazid carried on gloating over his victory. He said to his But Yazid carried on gloating over his victory. He said to his subjects: subjects:

"An avenge for my ancestors killed at Badr. "An avenge for my ancestors killed at Badr. Now Benu Hashim had staged a ploy to gain power.”Now Benu Hashim had staged a ploy to gain power.”

" Zainab, however, was incensed. She drew herself up and said aloud: " Zainab, however, was incensed. She drew herself up and said aloud:

Zainab Speaks #1Zainab Speaks #1

"Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds and blessings on my "Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds and blessings on my grandfather, the Master of divine Prophets." grandfather, the Master of divine Prophets." "O Yazid, Allah says, and His word is true, that:"O Yazid, Allah says, and His word is true, that:

�ون �ه�ز�ئ ت �س� ي �ه�ا ب �وا �ان و�ك !ه� الل �ات� �آي ب �وا �ذ!ب ك �ن أ �ى وأ الس& اؤ�وا س�� أ !ذ�ين� ال �ة� ع�اق�ب �ان� ك �م! �ون ث �ه�ز�ئ ت �س� ي �ه�ا ب �وا �ان و�ك !ه� الل �ات� �آي ب �وا �ذ!ب ك �ن أ �ى وأ الس& اؤ�وا س�� أ !ذ�ين� ال �ة� ع�اق�ب �ان� ك �م! ث

““In the long run evil in the extreme will be the End of those who do In the long run evil in the extreme will be the End of those who do evil; for that they rejected the Signs of Allah, and held them up to evil; for that they rejected the Signs of Allah, and held them up to

ridicule.ridicule.[Quran 30:10]."[Quran 30:10]."

"O Yazid, do you believe that you have shut off the heavens and "O Yazid, do you believe that you have shut off the heavens and earth for us and that we, as captives brought before you in a row, earth for us and that we, as captives brought before you in a row, that you have secured control over us? that you have secured control over us? Do you believe that we have been afflicted with dishonor by Allah; Do you believe that we have been afflicted with dishonor by Allah; but instead you have been given honor and respect by Him? but instead you have been given honor and respect by Him?


You have become boastful of this apparent victory and you feel You have become boastful of this apparent victory and you feel jubilant and proud of it. jubilant and proud of it. You think that you have achieved worldly good, that your affairs You think that you have achieved worldly good, that your affairs have become certain, and that our rule has fallen into your hands. have become certain, and that our rule has fallen into your hands. Wait for a while. Do not be so joyful. Have you forgotten Allah's Wait for a while. Do not be so joyful. Have you forgotten Allah's saying: saying:

ه�م� �نف�س� أل/ �ر1 ي خ� �ه�م� ل �م�ل�ي ن !م�ا ن� أ � وا �ف�ر� ك !ذ�ين� ال �ن! ب �ح�س� ي � ه�م� و�ال �نف�س� أل/ �ر1 ي خ� �ه�م� ل �م�ل�ي ن !م�ا ن� أ � وا �ف�ر� ك !ذ�ين� ال �ن! ب �ح�س� ي � و�ال

م&ه�ين1 ع�ذ�اب1 �ه�م� و�ل �م9ا �ث إ � د�اد�وا �ز� �ي ل �ه�م� ل �م�ل�ي ن !م�ا �ن م&ه�ين1 إ ع�ذ�اب1 �ه�م� و�ل �م9ا �ث إ � د�اد�وا �ز� �ي ل �ه�م� ل �م�ل�ي ن !م�ا �ن إLet not the Unbelievers think that our respite to them is good for Let not the Unbelievers think that our respite to them is good for themselves: We grant them respite that they may grow in their themselves: We grant them respite that they may grow in their

iniquity: But they will have a shameful punishment. iniquity: But they will have a shameful punishment. [Quran 3:178][Quran 3:178]””


"O son of freed slaves, is this your justice that you keep "O son of freed slaves, is this your justice that you keep your own daughters and slave-maids veiled while the your own daughters and slave-maids veiled while the daughters of the Prophet of Allah are being paraded daughters of the Prophet of Allah are being paraded from place to place exposed.”from place to place exposed.”"You have dishonored us by unveiling our faces. "You have dishonored us by unveiling our faces.

Your men paraded us from town to town where all sorts of Your men paraded us from town to town where all sorts of people, whether they be residents of the hills or of riversides people, whether they be residents of the hills or of riversides have been looking at us. have been looking at us. The near as well as the remote ones, the poor as well as the The near as well as the remote ones, the poor as well as the rich, the lowly as well as the high - all casting their glances at usrich, the lowly as well as the high - all casting their glances at usAll the while our position is such that there is no male relative of All the while our position is such that there is no male relative of ours to render us help or support”. ours to render us help or support”.


"O Yazid, whatever you have done proves the insurrection of yours:"O Yazid, whatever you have done proves the insurrection of yours:Against AllahAgainst Allahyour denial of His Prophet )pbuh( your denial of His Prophet )pbuh( and of the Book and Sunnah that the Prophet brought from Allah.and of the Book and Sunnah that the Prophet brought from Allah.

Your deeds should not cause amazement because:Your deeds should not cause amazement because:You whose ancestors chewed the livers of the martyrs, You whose ancestors chewed the livers of the martyrs, whose flesh grew upon virtuous people, whose flesh grew upon virtuous people, who fought against the Master of the divine Prophets, who fought against the Master of the divine Prophets, who mobilized parties for fighting against him who mobilized parties for fighting against him and drew swords against him, and drew swords against him,

Such a person should conspicuously excel all Arabs in:Such a person should conspicuously excel all Arabs in:disbelief, disbelief, sinfulness, sinfulness, excesses, excesses, and enmity against Allah and His Prophet.”and enmity against Allah and His Prophet.”


"Remember that the evil deeds and sinful actions that you "Remember that the evil deeds and sinful actions that you have committed are the result of disbelief and old rancor have committed are the result of disbelief and old rancor that you bear because of your ancestors who were killed in that you bear because of your ancestors who were killed in Badr.Badr.One who cast his glance of enmity, malice and rancor upon One who cast his glance of enmity, malice and rancor upon us does not lag behind in practicing that enmity against us. us does not lag behind in practicing that enmity against us.

By so doing he simply proves his disbelief, declaring it with his By so doing he simply proves his disbelief, declaring it with his tongue and he jubilantly proclaims: tongue and he jubilantly proclaims: 'I have killed the sons of the 'I have killed the sons of the Prophet of Allah and made his progeny captive,'Prophet of Allah and made his progeny captive,' and he wishes that his ancestors had lived to see his achievement and he wishes that his ancestors had lived to see his achievement and to have exclaimed: 'O Yazid, may you continue in power, at and to have exclaimed: 'O Yazid, may you continue in power, at last you have wreaked the vengeance on our behalf.” last you have wreaked the vengeance on our behalf.”


““O Yazid, you are striking the lips of Husain with your O Yazid, you are striking the lips of Husain with your stick in front of this crowd with your face reflecting stick in front of this crowd with your face reflecting pleasure and glee, while these very lips used to be pleasure and glee, while these very lips used to be kissed by the Prophet of Allah.”kissed by the Prophet of Allah.”By my life, by killing the Master of Youths of Paradise, By my life, by killing the Master of Youths of Paradise, the son of the Master of the Arabs )Imam Ali( and the the son of the Master of the Arabs )Imam Ali( and the shining sun of the progeny of Abdul Mut’talib, you have shining sun of the progeny of Abdul Mut’talib, you have uprooted us and deepened our wound.uprooted us and deepened our wound.By killing Al-Husain ibn Ali you have gained the nearness By killing Al-Husain ibn Ali you have gained the nearness to your disbelieving ancestors. to your disbelieving ancestors. You proclaim your deed with pride and if your ancestors You proclaim your deed with pride and if your ancestors were to see you they would approve of your action and were to see you they would approve of your action and pray that Allah may keep you well.” pray that Allah may keep you well.”


"O Yazid! If you had heart enough to take account of your dreadful "O Yazid! If you had heart enough to take account of your dreadful deeds, deeds,

you would surely wish your arms to be paralyzed and severed from your you would surely wish your arms to be paralyzed and severed from your elbow elbow and you would wish that your parents had not given birth to you, and you would wish that your parents had not given birth to you, because you would know that Allah has become displeased with you. because you would know that Allah has become displeased with you. Oh Allah, Grant us our rights. Avenge those who have oppressed us.” Oh Allah, Grant us our rights. Avenge those who have oppressed us.”

O Yazid! you had accomplished what you wished for, but remember O Yazid! you had accomplished what you wished for, but remember that you have shredded your own skin and your own flesh. that you have shredded your own skin and your own flesh.

Soon you will be brought before the Holy Prophet. Soon you will be brought before the Holy Prophet. You will be overwhelmed with the weight of the sins you committed by You will be overwhelmed with the weight of the sins you committed by shedding the blood of his progeny and by dishonoring his family. shedding the blood of his progeny and by dishonoring his family. The place to which you will be taken will be before all the members of The place to which you will be taken will be before all the members of his family. his family. The oppressed will be avenged and the enemies will be punished.” The oppressed will be avenged and the enemies will be punished.”


"O Yazid ! It is not befitting for you to swell with joy after slaying the "O Yazid ! It is not befitting for you to swell with joy after slaying the Prophet's progeny.Prophet's progeny.

ق�ون� ز� �ر� ي /ه�م� ب ر� ع�ند� �اء ي �ح� أ �ل� ب 9ا م�و�ات

� أ @ه� الل �يل� ب س� ف�ي � �وا �ل ق�ت !ذ�ين� ال �ن! ب �ح�س� ت � ق�ون� و�ال ز� �ر� ي /ه�م� ب ر� ع�ند� �اء ي �ح� أ �ل� ب 9ا م�و�ات� أ @ه� الل �يل� ب س� ف�ي � �وا �ل ق�ت !ذ�ين� ال �ن! ب �ح�س� ت � و�ال

�ف�ه�م� ل خ� م/ن� �ه�م ب � �ح�ق�وا �ل ي �م� ل !ذ�ين� �ال ب ون� ر� �ش� �ب ت �س� و�ي �ه� ف�ض�ل م�ن @ه� الل �اه�م� آت �م�ا ب �ف�ه�م� ف�ر�ح�ين� ل خ� م/ن� �ه�م ب � �ح�ق�وا �ل ي �م� ل !ذ�ين� �ال ب ون� ر� �ش� �ب ت �س� و�ي �ه� ف�ض�ل م�ن @ه� الل �اه�م� آت �م�ا ب ف�ر�ح�ين��ون� ن �ح�ز� ي ه�م� � و�ال �ه�م� �ي ع�ل خ�و�ف1 ! ال

� �ون� أ ن �ح�ز� ي ه�م� � و�ال �ه�م� �ي ع�ل خ�و�ف1 ! ال� أ

'Reckon not those who are killed in Allah's way as dead; nay, they are alive and are provided sustenance from their Lord; rejoicing in what

Allah has given them out of His grace' [3:169-170].”

Allah is sufficient to deal with you. The Messenger of Allah is your Allah is sufficient to deal with you. The Messenger of Allah is your antagonist and Jubra’eel is our support and help against you.antagonist and Jubra’eel is our support and help against you.Those who have made you the head of state and burdened the Those who have made you the head of state and burdened the Muslims with your leadership will soon find out what awaits them. Muslims with your leadership will soon find out what awaits them. The end of all tyrants is doom.” The end of all tyrants is doom.”


"O Yazid. I speak not to you this way but to warn you of the severe "O Yazid. I speak not to you this way but to warn you of the severe chastisement in store for you as to ask for repentance chastisement in store for you as to ask for repentance

for you are one of those whose hearts are hardened, for you are one of those whose hearts are hardened, And souls are rebellious And souls are rebellious and whose bodies are busy in Allah's disobedience while they are under and whose bodies are busy in Allah's disobedience while they are under the curse of the Prophet of Allah. the curse of the Prophet of Allah. You are from among those in whose heart Shaitan has made his abode You are from among those in whose heart Shaitan has made his abode and has been breeding young ones”.and has been breeding young ones”.

How amazing it is that the virtuous people, sons of the divine How amazing it is that the virtuous people, sons of the divine Prophets and vicegerents are killed at the hands of liberated slaves, Prophets and vicegerents are killed at the hands of liberated slaves, evil-doers and sinners.evil-doers and sinners.Our blood is shed by their hands and our flesh serves as food for Our blood is shed by their hands and our flesh serves as food for them. them. We feel grieved for those whose bodies are lying uncovered and We feel grieved for those whose bodies are lying uncovered and unburied in the battlefield, wounded with arrows.” unburied in the battlefield, wounded with arrows.”


"O Yazid, if you consider that our defeat is your achievement, then "O Yazid, if you consider that our defeat is your achievement, then you will have to pay its price.you will have to pay its price.Allah commits not injustice to His servants. Our reliance is on Allah. Allah commits not injustice to His servants. Our reliance is on Allah. He alone is our Relief and Abode of Protection, and in Him alone do He alone is our Relief and Abode of Protection, and in Him alone do we repose our hope.” we repose our hope.” You may contrive and try however much you can. You may contrive and try however much you can. By Him who honored us with revelation, the Book and Prophethood, By Him who honored us with revelation, the Book and Prophethood,

you cannot achieve our status, nor reach our position, you cannot achieve our status, nor reach our position, nor can you effect our mention, nor can you effect our mention, nor remove from yourself that shame and dishonor nor remove from yourself that shame and dishonor that is now your lot because of your tyranny and inequity on us. that is now your lot because of your tyranny and inequity on us. Your word now is weak and your days are counted. Your word now is weak and your days are counted. Beware of the Day when the Announcer would announce the curse of Beware of the Day when the Announcer would announce the curse of Allah on the tyrants and the unjust.” Allah on the tyrants and the unjust.”


"Praise be to Allah who gave good end to His "Praise be to Allah who gave good end to His friends and granted them success in their aims,friends and granted them success in their aims,and thereafter called them back to His Mercy, and thereafter called them back to His Mercy, Pleasure and Bliss, Pleasure and Bliss,

while you hurled yourself into evil and mischief by while you hurled yourself into evil and mischief by committing injustice against them. committing injustice against them.

We pray to Allah to favor us with full We pray to Allah to favor us with full recompense through them and grant us the recompense through them and grant us the good of Khilaafah and Imamah. good of Khilaafah and Imamah.

Surely Allah is Kind and the Most Merciful over His Surely Allah is Kind and the Most Merciful over His creatures." creatures."

The red-haired SyrianThe red-haired Syrian

Among the gathering was a red haired Syrian who saw Fatima Kubra, Among the gathering was a red haired Syrian who saw Fatima Kubra, daughter of Husain, and asked Yazid to give her to him. daughter of Husain, and asked Yazid to give her to him. When Fatima Kubra heard this she clung to Zainab shaking, and When Fatima Kubra heard this she clung to Zainab shaking, and started to weep, frightened. started to weep, frightened. Zainab was not afraid. She looked Yazid in the eye menacingly, and Zainab was not afraid. She looked Yazid in the eye menacingly, and told him that he had neither right nor authority to give the young girl told him that he had neither right nor authority to give the young girl away, away, at which Yazid bristled, retorting that he could do so. at which Yazid bristled, retorting that he could do so. Zainab retorted,Zainab retorted,

"You are abusing me because of your authority and power." "You are abusing me because of your authority and power." At this, Yazid shaking with anger, felt humiliated and remained silent. At this, Yazid shaking with anger, felt humiliated and remained silent. To the Syrian, Zainab said: To the Syrian, Zainab said:

"May the curse of Allah be upon you. May hell be your eternal abode. May "May the curse of Allah be upon you. May hell be your eternal abode. May your eyes be blinded and your limbs paralyzed." your eyes be blinded and your limbs paralyzed."

Yazid enragedYazid enraged

In a fit of anger because of Zainab’s speech and her utterly In a fit of anger because of Zainab’s speech and her utterly unexpected defiance that Yazid, so enraged, he shouted unexpected defiance that Yazid, so enraged, he shouted to kill her,to kill her,The atmosphere of silence and gloom prevailed ominouslyThe atmosphere of silence and gloom prevailed ominouslyThen Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Aas intervened on Zainab's Then Abdullah ibn Amr ibn Aas intervened on Zainab's behalf and behalf and

He asked Yazid to ignore her harsh and unforgiving words about He asked Yazid to ignore her harsh and unforgiving words about him, since she had suffered such a devastating grief and hardship. him, since she had suffered such a devastating grief and hardship.

Imam Zainul Abideen would also have suffered death at Imam Zainul Abideen would also have suffered death at the hands of Yazid on account of his fearless speech, had the hands of Yazid on account of his fearless speech, had it not for Zainab who saved his life by interjecting with it not for Zainab who saved his life by interjecting with Yazid, crying slay me along with him. Yazid, crying slay me along with him.

Yazid’s CourtYazid’s Court

Yazid's court )and that of Mu'awiya's( was constructed along the Yazid's court )and that of Mu'awiya's( was constructed along the Hellenic fashion, i.e., the Greek style of government. Hellenic fashion, i.e., the Greek style of government. Its administration, management, and courtier were Byzantine like. Its administration, management, and courtier were Byzantine like. It showed evidence of opulence by being very expensively It showed evidence of opulence by being very expensively decorated, and having numerous guards around. decorated, and having numerous guards around. At this moment however, the atmosphere of the court was somber At this moment however, the atmosphere of the court was somber and gloomy, sensing that a very big mistake had been committed, and gloomy, sensing that a very big mistake had been committed, since already people in the streets were outraged. since already people in the streets were outraged. Being face to face with Zainul Abideen Yazid said, "Son of Being face to face with Zainul Abideen Yazid said, "Son of Al‑Husain, your father refused to recognize my throne and Al‑Husain, your father refused to recognize my throne and authority..... You have seen what Allah did with him as a result of authority..... You have seen what Allah did with him as a result of it."it."Zainul Abideen retorted indignantly by quoting the Holy Quran, Zainul Abideen retorted indignantly by quoting the Holy Quran,

"You are visited with afflictions in this world, pre‑ordained for you." "You are visited with afflictions in this world, pre‑ordained for you." Then he added, "May the curse of Allah be upon those who killed Then he added, "May the curse of Allah be upon those who killed my father."my father."

Zainul Abideen SpeaksZainul Abideen Speaks

The first confrontation over, Zainul Abideen and his The first confrontation over, Zainul Abideen and his family were kept in detention. family were kept in detention. In the days that followed, a number of exchanges took In the days that followed, a number of exchanges took place in the court of Yazid. place in the court of Yazid. Each time Zainul Abideen gave very powerful replies, Each time Zainul Abideen gave very powerful replies, relying mostly on quoting the Holy Quran.relying mostly on quoting the Holy Quran.On one occasion Yazid asked the Sermonizer to give a On one occasion Yazid asked the Sermonizer to give a speech condemning Imam Ali. The person obliged, then speech condemning Imam Ali. The person obliged, then Imam Zainul Abideen asked permission to speak up Imam Zainul Abideen asked permission to speak up before the people. After some hesitation Yazid before the people. After some hesitation Yazid consented. Imam Zainul Abideen then said:consented. Imam Zainul Abideen then said:

Zainul Abideen SpeaksZainul Abideen Speaks

بأطراف الركن حمل من ابن أنا والصفا زمزم ابن أنا ومنى مكة ابن أنا الناس أيها بأطراف الركن حمل من ابن أنا والصفا زمزم ابن أنا ومنى مكة ابن أنا الناس أيهاالردا الردا

وسعى طاف من خير ابن أنا واحتفى انتعل من خير ابن أنا وارتدى مائتزر خير ابن أنا وسعى طاف من خير ابن أنا واحتفى انتعل من خير ابن أنا وارتدى مائتزر خير ابن أنا الهواء في البراق على حمل من ابن أنا لبى و حج من خير ابن أنا الهواء في البراق على حمل من ابن أنا لبى و حج من خير ابن أنا

جبرئيل به بلغ من ابن أنا األقصى المسجد إلى الحرام المسجد من به أسري من ابن أنا جبرئيل به بلغ من ابن أنا األقصى المسجد إلى الحرام المسجد من به أسري من ابن أنا المنتهى سدرة إلى المنتهى سدرة إلى

QQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ QQ QQQ QQQالسماء بمالئكة صلى من ابن أنا �د�نى أ و�� أ �ن� ي �د�ل!ىف�كان�قاب ق�و�س� أناابنمند�ناف�ت QQQQQQ QQQQQQQQQQ QQQQ QQ QQQ QQQالسماء بمالئكة صلى من ابن أنا �د�نى أ و�� أ �ن� ي �د�ل!ىف�كان�قاب ق�و�س� أناابنمند�ناف�ت

المرتضى علي ابن أنا المصطفى محمد ابن أنا أوحى ما الجليل إليه أوحى من ابن أنا المرتضى علي ابن أنا المصطفى محمد ابن أنا أوحى ما الجليل إليه أوحى من ابن أنا الل!ه إال إله ال قالوا حتى الخلق خراطيم ضرب من ابن أنا الل!ه إال إله ال قالوا حتى الخلق خراطيم ضرب من ابن أنا

وبايع الهجرتين وهاجر برمحين وطعن سيفين الل!ه رسول يدي بين ضرب من ابن وبايع أنا الهجرتين وهاجر برمحين وطعن سيفين الل!ه رسول يدي بين ضرب من ابن أنا عين طرفة بالل!ه يكفر ولم وحنين ببدر وقاتل البيعتين عين طرفة بالل!ه يكفر ولم وحنين ببدر وقاتل البيعتين

ونور المسلمين ويعسوب الملحدين وقامع النبيين ووارث المؤمنين صالح ابن ونور أنا المسلمين ويعسوب الملحدين وقامع النبيين ووارث المؤمنين صالح ابن أناياسين آل من القائمين وأفضل الصابرين وأصبر البكاءين وتاج العابدين وزين ياسين المجاهدين آل من القائمين وأفضل الصابرين وأصبر البكاءين وتاج العابدين وزين المجاهدين

العالمين رب رسول العالمين رب رسول وقاتل المسلمين حرم عن المحامي ابن أنا بميكائيل المنصور بجبرئيل المؤيد ابن أنا وقاتل المسلمين حرم عن المحامي ابن أنا بميكائيل المنصور بجبرئيل المؤيد ابن أنا

قريش من مشى من وأفخر الناصبين أعداءه والمجاهد والقاسطين والناكثين قريش المارقين من مشى من وأفخر الناصبين أعداءه والمجاهد والقاسطين والناكثين المارقينوقاصم السابقين وأول المؤمنين من ولرسوله لل!ه واستجاب أجاب من وأول وقاصم أجمعين السابقين وأول المؤمنين من ولرسوله لل!ه واستجاب أجاب من وأول أجمعين

العابدين حكمة ولسان المنافقين على الل!ه مرامي من وسهم المشركين ومبيد العابدين المعتدين حكمة ولسان المنافقين على الل!ه مرامي من وسهم المشركين ومبيد المعتدينالل!ه ....... أمر وولي الل!ه دين الل!ه .......وناصر أمر وولي الل!ه دين وناصر

I am hereby acquainting all, irrespective of whether you know me or not, of I am hereby acquainting all, irrespective of whether you know me or not, of the honor and privilege I occupy:the honor and privilege I occupy:I am the offspring of the Lord of Mecca and Medina,I am the offspring of the Lord of Mecca and Medina,I am the issue of the Lord of Zamzam and Safa,I am the issue of the Lord of Zamzam and Safa,I am the lineal descendant of him whose forefather had lifted in his cloak the I am the lineal descendant of him whose forefather had lifted in his cloak the Black Stone,Black Stone,I am the child of the one who mounted the Buraq and gone through the I am the child of the one who mounted the Buraq and gone through the regions of Heavensregions of HeavensI am from the progeny of the one who went up to Sidratul Mun'taha, and I am from the progeny of the one who went up to Sidratul Mun'taha, and whom Allah had shown the spring‑head of the Wahywhom Allah had shown the spring‑head of the WahyI am the offspring of the guide from whom disbelievers got the guidance to I am the offspring of the guide from whom disbelievers got the guidance to the straight path, I am ...................the straight path, I am ...................I am the son of a person whose thread of life was snapped by cruel fingers, I am the son of a person whose thread of life was snapped by cruel fingers, and whose head severed while thirsty, body left exposed to the burning and whose head severed while thirsty, body left exposed to the burning sands of Karbala,sands of Karbala,I am the son whose father's death was mourned by the Angels, and by men I am the son whose father's death was mourned by the Angels, and by men and Jinn, .....and Jinn, .....I am the son whose father's head was mounted on a spear and taken from I am the son whose father's head was mounted on a spear and taken from one town to another,one town to another,O people! I take witness that I thank Allah that He involved Ahlul Bayt in O people! I take witness that I thank Allah that He involved Ahlul Bayt in serious trials and also that at the same time the standard of guidance was in serious trials and also that at the same time the standard of guidance was in our hands, while the misguidance was in other people's hands ......."our hands, while the misguidance was in other people's hands ......."

Sakeena DiesSakeena Dies

One night in prison, Sakeena started to cry in her sleep. One night in prison, Sakeena started to cry in her sleep. When asked she said she saw Al-Husain in her dreamWhen asked she said she saw Al-Husain in her dreamHearing that, all grief stricken women started to cry. The crying became Hearing that, all grief stricken women started to cry. The crying became loud and it reached Yazid in the palace. The prison was next to the Palace.loud and it reached Yazid in the palace. The prison was next to the Palace.When Yazid was told, he ordered to send Al-Husain’s head to her, to keep When Yazid was told, he ordered to send Al-Husain’s head to her, to keep the women quiet. the women quiet. When Sakeena saw the head she ran to it and hugged it and: When Sakeena saw the head she ran to it and hugged it and:

She complained to it, sopping, grieving, shaking with emotion and loveShe complained to it, sopping, grieving, shaking with emotion and loveThen all of a sudden the loving daughter stopped complaining, Then all of a sudden the loving daughter stopped complaining, She became limp, and stopped breathing.She became limp, and stopped breathing.She passed away in captivity in the dark inhospitable prison. She passed away in captivity in the dark inhospitable prison. Everyone was shocked, trembling, but not surprised. They cried and cried.Everyone was shocked, trembling, but not surprised. They cried and cried.Zainab then held the body of Sakeena in her arms as Imam Zainul Abideen dug Zainab then held the body of Sakeena in her arms as Imam Zainul Abideen dug a grave for his sister. a grave for his sister. Sakeena’s clothes were burned in Karbala, and due to injuries, had stuck with Sakeena’s clothes were burned in Karbala, and due to injuries, had stuck with her flesh. Therefore, she was buried in the same burned, ripped clothes right her flesh. Therefore, she was buried in the same burned, ripped clothes right there in the prison.there in the prison.

People versus YazidPeople versus Yazid

Through Zainab's fearless speeches and from the word that spread Through Zainab's fearless speeches and from the word that spread as a result of their journey, as a result of their journey,

the Ummah came to know of the events of Karbala and its tragedy. the Ummah came to know of the events of Karbala and its tragedy. Their hearts were stirred, they questioned and sympathized, Their hearts were stirred, they questioned and sympathized, and they were mad. and they were mad.

The continued captivity and humiliation of the family of the Prophet The continued captivity and humiliation of the family of the Prophet of Allah was bringing their cause to the attention of an ever of Allah was bringing their cause to the attention of an ever increasing number of people, by word of mouth.increasing number of people, by word of mouth.This led some advisers to inform Yazid that there was dangerous This led some advisers to inform Yazid that there was dangerous unrest in Damascus. unrest in Damascus.

Yazid, though a dictator and tyrant, got terrified. Yazid, though a dictator and tyrant, got terrified. He became worried and very restless, even sleepless. He became worried and very restless, even sleepless. To prevent would be trouble he shifted the blame of Karbala massacre To prevent would be trouble he shifted the blame of Karbala massacre to Ibn Ziyad, the Governor of Kufa, and to Ibn Ziyad, the Governor of Kufa, and decided to release the captives. decided to release the captives.

Release From PrisonRelease From Prison

Yazid sent for Imam Zainul Abideen, and when he came Yazid Yazid sent for Imam Zainul Abideen, and when he came Yazid treated him well, treated him well,

and informed him of his impending release and informed him of his impending release and asked if he wished for anything. and asked if he wished for anything.

The Imam said he would have to consult his aunt Zainab. The Imam said he would have to consult his aunt Zainab. Arrangements were made to bring Zainab to Yazid. Arrangements were made to bring Zainab to Yazid. She arrived properly covered. She arrived properly covered. She asked, "O Yazid, since the day our leader Al-Husain was She asked, "O Yazid, since the day our leader Al-Husain was butchered, we have not had any opportunity to mourn for him." butchered, we have not had any opportunity to mourn for him."

A large house was therefore provided for them in the residential A large house was therefore provided for them in the residential sector of Damascus.sector of Damascus.

Zainab held her first gathering for the mourning and remembrance Zainab held her first gathering for the mourning and remembrance )Majlis Azaa()Majlis Azaa( of Imam Husain. of Imam Husain. The women of the Quraish and Banu Hashim arrived clad in black for The women of the Quraish and Banu Hashim arrived clad in black for the mourning. the mourning.

The AzaaThe Azaa

Imam Zainul Abideen sat on the carpet Imam Zainul Abideen sat on the carpet and then Zainab told the women of Syria some details of the and then Zainab told the women of Syria some details of the atrocities dealt in Karbala, atrocities dealt in Karbala, and some of its aftermath. and some of its aftermath. This stirred their emotions, raised their sympathy, and they shed This stirred their emotions, raised their sympathy, and they shed tears and mourned. tears and mourned. The women had not known about the events of Karbala and The women had not known about the events of Karbala and Kufa, Kufa, but now when they went home they told their men folk all about but now when they went home they told their men folk all about the frightful events and the unparalleled unfairness. the frightful events and the unparalleled unfairness.

Thus the illusion of Yazid's victory gave way and his Thus the illusion of Yazid's victory gave way and his cover up was exposed and dispelled. cover up was exposed and dispelled. The truth of Karbala became known to so many. The truth of Karbala became known to so many.

Ahlul Bayt Returning To MedinaAhlul Bayt Returning To Medina

Yazid gave Zainab the choice of remaining in Damascus or returning to Yazid gave Zainab the choice of remaining in Damascus or returning to Medina. Medina.

When Zainab decided to return to Medina Yazid called Nu'man ibn When Zainab decided to return to Medina Yazid called Nu'man ibn Bashir, Bashir, who had been a companion of the Prophet )pbuh(, and who had been a companion of the Prophet )pbuh(, and ordered him to make suitable arrangements for their journey.ordered him to make suitable arrangements for their journey.

Horsemen, foot-soldiers, and adequate provisions were made available. Horsemen, foot-soldiers, and adequate provisions were made available. Gaily decorated litters with velvet seats were provided, Gaily decorated litters with velvet seats were provided, but Zainab ordered that these should be covered in black so that people but Zainab ordered that these should be covered in black so that people would know the travelers were in mourning. would know the travelers were in mourning.

Someone asked Imam Zainul Abideen, after they were released from Syria, Someone asked Imam Zainul Abideen, after they were released from Syria, as to what was the hardest part in that whole period of captivity. as to what was the hardest part in that whole period of captivity.

He replied that the hardest part was the time when the Ahlul Bayt He replied that the hardest part was the time when the Ahlul Bayt caravan was made to stop outside Damascus for four days. caravan was made to stop outside Damascus for four days.

They were treated very poorly, with their hands tied; They were treated very poorly, with their hands tied; and little food or water. and little food or water. And the hardest moment was when Sakeena died and buried in the And the hardest moment was when Sakeena died and buried in the dungeon. dungeon.

Leaving DamascusLeaving Damascus

When the citizens of Damascus came to know that the When the citizens of Damascus came to know that the members of the Holy Prophet's family were leaving, members of the Holy Prophet's family were leaving,

the women went to the house they were staying in for a last the women went to the house they were staying in for a last farewell. farewell. Many people accompanied the caravan for part of the journey Many people accompanied the caravan for part of the journey and then returned to their homes with heavy hearts. and then returned to their homes with heavy hearts.

During the journey Nu'man ibn Bashir showed the During the journey Nu'man ibn Bashir showed the travelers every consideration and respect they deserved.travelers every consideration and respect they deserved.

Whenever they stopped, the tents of the men were pitched a Whenever they stopped, the tents of the men were pitched a mile away from those of the women so that the women could mile away from those of the women so that the women could move unhindered and unobserved by strangers. move unhindered and unobserved by strangers. Gatherings of mourners were held wherever they stopped and Gatherings of mourners were held wherever they stopped and many people came, listened, and learned the truth about many people came, listened, and learned the truth about Karbala and their captivity. Karbala and their captivity.

Reaching KarbalaReaching Karbala

When the caravan reached Karbala on Safar 20, Hijrah 62, When the caravan reached Karbala on Safar 20, Hijrah 62, they found that Jabir ibn Abdullah Ansaari and some of the they found that Jabir ibn Abdullah Ansaari and some of the chiefs of Banu Hashim were already there chiefs of Banu Hashim were already there for they had come to pay homage at the grave of Imam Al-for they had come to pay homage at the grave of Imam Al-Husain. Husain. It is speculated that upon arrival in Karbala, the severed head of It is speculated that upon arrival in Karbala, the severed head of the chief of martyrs that the caravan brought from Damascus the chief of martyrs that the caravan brought from Damascus was rejoined with its body by his son Imam Zainul Abideen.was rejoined with its body by his son Imam Zainul Abideen.Heads of other martyrs were also respectfully rejoined. Heads of other martyrs were also respectfully rejoined.

A Majlis to observe the martyrs first arbaeen was held before they A Majlis to observe the martyrs first arbaeen was held before they resumed their journey to Medina. resumed their journey to Medina. When the time came to leave Karbala, Zainab wanted to remain When the time came to leave Karbala, Zainab wanted to remain near her brother's grave till the day of her death.near her brother's grave till the day of her death.But Imam Zainul Abideen pleaded with her to not leave the caravan, But Imam Zainul Abideen pleaded with her to not leave the caravan, so she reluctantly agreed to return to Medina with the caravan. so she reluctantly agreed to return to Medina with the caravan.

The many Majlis AzaaThe many Majlis Azaa

Wherever the caravan stopped on its way, a Majlis Azaa was held. Wherever the caravan stopped on its way, a Majlis Azaa was held. When the city of Medina was in sight, Zainab bade the women alight from When the city of Medina was in sight, Zainab bade the women alight from their camels and to hold black flags in their hands. their camels and to hold black flags in their hands. On meeting the people of Medina, Zainab recounted to them On meeting the people of Medina, Zainab recounted to them

some details of the events at Karbala, some details of the events at Karbala, Yazid’s tyranny, Yazid’s tyranny, Ibn Ziyad’s tyranny, Ibn Ziyad’s tyranny, and the hardships they suffered in captivity. and the hardships they suffered in captivity.

After a while Imam Zainul Abideen asked the women to ready themselves After a while Imam Zainul Abideen asked the women to ready themselves for entering Medina. for entering Medina.

Then they entered the city on foot, with black flags raised aloft. Then they entered the city on foot, with black flags raised aloft. The caravan went straight to the grave of the Prophet )pbuh( where The caravan went straight to the grave of the Prophet )pbuh( where Zainab prayed complaining to him about the massacre of his beloved Zainab prayed complaining to him about the massacre of his beloved grandson. grandson. Banu Hashim held Majlis every day to commemorate Imam Al-Husain Banu Hashim held Majlis every day to commemorate Imam Al-Husain and his companions’ sacrifices in Karbala. and his companions’ sacrifices in Karbala. The mourning and commemoration lasted for a good many days in The mourning and commemoration lasted for a good many days in Medina. Medina.

Zainab in MedinaZainab in Medina

Zainab held Zainab held Majlis AzaaMajlis Azaa repeatedly in Medina. Joined by repeatedly in Medina. Joined by her sister Umm Kulthoom and others involved in her sister Umm Kulthoom and others involved in Karbala.Karbala.She was so effective in her fluent and eloquent orations, She was so effective in her fluent and eloquent orations, that the Governor of Medina cautioned Yazid that an that the Governor of Medina cautioned Yazid that an uprising may soon take place. uprising may soon take place. The return journey however, had made Zainab drained, The return journey however, had made Zainab drained, gaunt and exhausted, gaunt and exhausted, Reunited with her husband and family, they left to Reunited with her husband and family, they left to Damascus area due to famine in the area at the time.Damascus area due to famine in the area at the time.She did not live long after the torturous trials she had to She did not live long after the torturous trials she had to bear. She died in Damascus area soon after.bear. She died in Damascus area soon after.She died in the year Hijrah 62. She died in the year Hijrah 62.

ZainabZainab

Zainab was the dynamite that exposed the evil deeds of Yazid and Zainab was the dynamite that exposed the evil deeds of Yazid and Ibn Ziyad. Ibn Ziyad.

She endured physical pain and mental distress with fortitude, She endured physical pain and mental distress with fortitude, and she was the source of strength to all women and children around and she was the source of strength to all women and children around her. her. Never did she rebel against the destiny decreed by Allah.Never did she rebel against the destiny decreed by Allah.

The strength of her submission was divine. The strength of her submission was divine. The spirit of Zainab bint Ali will live forever. The spirit of Zainab bint Ali will live forever. Her courage, forbearance, and submission will continue to inspire Her courage, forbearance, and submission will continue to inspire those who hear her life story of suffering and leadership.those who hear her life story of suffering and leadership.Had it not been for her, the sacrifices of Karbala might have faded Had it not been for her, the sacrifices of Karbala might have faded into oblivion; and the ignorant Ummah not knowing the truth, would into oblivion; and the ignorant Ummah not knowing the truth, would have gone completely astray. have gone completely astray. In Karbala’s aftermath, she proved through her superb oratory, that In Karbala’s aftermath, she proved through her superb oratory, that “the word is mightier than the sword.” People of Medina hailed Imam “the word is mightier than the sword.” People of Medina hailed Imam Al-Husain as the savior of Islam, and Zainab as the savior of the Al-Husain as the savior of Islam, and Zainab as the savior of the Muslim Ummah. Muslim Ummah.

Shrine of Zainab in SyriaShrine of Zainab in Syria

Ashuraa EffectsAshuraa Effects

Yazid in infamyHusain in Glory

The Triumph of Islam

Ashuraa

In ConclusionIn Conclusion

The arduous trip of the 55 survivors of Karbala

1. The 28 days trip across the desert to Damascus2. The parading in Damascus of the captives3. The confrontation with Yazid4. The internment in the prison5. The speeches of Zainul Abideen6. The release from prison7. The return to Karbala then Medina8. The Azaa, especially in Medina9. Zainab dies at the age of 57

With best wishesWith best wishes

May Allah Bless you allMay Allah Bless you allA.S. Hashim, MDA.S. Hashim, MD

Zainab, from Kufa to Damascus Dr. A.S. Hashim References: Zainab Daughter Ali, by Ramazan Sabir Life of Abu Abdillah by Imad Zadah حياة أبو عبدالله (عماد.

Documents

damascus slide

damascus yazid

people of damascus

damascus imam

zainab daughter ali

zainab daughter of ali

yazid slide

main streets of damascus