WRRI, NARC, Islamabad. March 24th, 2005. PARC-ICIMOD Partnership 1992 – An in-formal collaboration was initiated between PARC and ICIMOD 1994 – A first.

WRRI, NARC, Islamabad.

March 24th, 2005

PARC-ICIMOD Partnership

•1992 – An in-formal collaboration was initiated between PARC and ICIMOD•1994 – A first formal collaboration was started in the field of GIS between PARC and ICIMOD

•2002 – PARC - ICIMOD started a formal project on “Glaciers, Glacier Lakes and GLOF Outbursts in HKH region of

Pakistan ”.

Pakistan

Glaciers in Hindu Kush-Himalaya-Karakoram Region

Source: Map of Glacier Resources in the Himalayas, Lanzhou Institute of Glaciology and Geocryology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China, 1999

Drainage BasinNo. of Glaciers

Total area (Km2)

Total Ice Reserves

(Km3)

Mapam Yumco Lake(Mansharovar Lake) 48

66.51 4.3592

Ganga River 6694 16676.89 1971.4876

Yarlung Zangbo River(Barmhaputera River) 4366

6579.44 600.3341

Indus River 5057 8925.96 850.3704

Sutlej River 1900 2860.82 307.9283

Total 18065 35109.62 3734.4796

Mosaic of northern glaciated region of Pakistan.

Mosaic of Landsat-7 ETM+Quick Looks(2000-2001)Path 148-151

Row 34-36

Astor

Shyok

Shigar

Jhelum Shingo

IndusIndus

Swat

Gilgit

Chitral

Hunza

Maps Quick view

Topographic maps Satellite images

Reports

Literature

Study and acquisition of

ReportsReports

Reports

MapsMaps

Maps

IRSLandsat-7 ETM+

Analysis and identification of potentially dangerous lakes

FINAL REPORT/ CDFINAL REPORT/ CD

Dissemination of results (Workshop/Seminar/Conferences)

Dissemination of results (Workshop/Seminar/Conferences)

Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes

Capturing digital database of glaciers and glacial lakes from the map and satellite images

Transfer of methodology

Transfer of methodology

Attribute database development

Glaciers

Mountain Glaciers

Valley Glaciers

A large Valley Glacier

Avalanches in the Mountainous areas bring heavy loads of snow downstream

Materials

Topographic maps1:50,000 Survey of Pakistan 1960s to 70s (not available for

use)1:250,000 Survey of Pakistan, 1960s (available but no detail projection parameter)1:500,000 National Imagery Mapping Agency and Defense

Mapping Agency of US (1996, NIMA map)

Aerial photographs not available for use

Satellite images Landsat-7 ETM+

Methodology Mapping and Inventory of Glaciers is based on

Muller et al. 1977

World Glacier Inventory (WGI), Temporary Technical Secretary (TTS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich

And

ICIMOD 2001

Inventory of glaciers and glacial lakes of Nepal and Bhutan

Registration of snow and ice masses

• Numbering of glaciers• Spatial distribution• Area of the glacier • Length of the glacier• Elevation of tongue

and crown of the glaciers

• Orientation of the glacier

• Thickness of the glacier• Ice reserve • Activity of glaciers• Morphological

classification

Glacier Inventory of ----- River BasinTotal number: ------ Total area: --------- Km2 Ice Reserves:--------- Km3

A B C D E F G H I J K L

Glacier No.

Glacier Name

Long. Lat. Area (m2)

Mean length

(m)

Orient. Accum.

Orient. Abla.

Classification

Type Ice thickn

ess (m)

Ice Reser. (km3)

Ice Thickness = –11.32 + 53.21 F0.3

(F= glacial area)

Ice Reserve=(Mean Ice Thickness) x (Glacial Area)

Glaciers of River Basins Studied

Summary of glacier inventoryBasins Basin Area

(Km2)Glaciated

area (Km2)

No. ofGlaciers

Total Length(Km)

Ice Reserves(Km3)

Swat 14656 223.55 233 330 12.22

Chitral 15322 1903.67 542 1416 258.82

Gilgit 14082 968.10 585 1185 83.35

Hunza 16389 4677.34 1050 2915 808.79

Shigar 7382 2240.08 194 829 581.27

Shyok 10235 3547.84 372 1093 891.80

Indus 32571 688.00 1098 1042 46.38

Shingo 4680 36.91 172 100 1.01

Astor 4214 607.03 588 549 47.93

Jhelum 9198 148.18 384 258 6.94

Total 128730.8 15040.70 5218 9718 2738.51

Glacial Lakes

Inventory of Glacial Lakes of ------ River BasinTotal number: ---- Total area:------ km2

A B C D E F G H I J K

Lake No.

Lake Name

Lat. Long. Area (m2)

Mean Length

(m)

Distance to

glacier (m)

Associated Glacier number

Orientation

Drainage Condition

Lake Type

Glacial Lakes of River Basins Studied

Types of glacial lakesBasins Blocked Cirque End

MoraineLateral

MoraineErosion Supra-

glacialValley Total

Swat 3 12 37 4 144 1 54 255

Chitral 4 8 19 14 70 20 52 187

Gilgit 2 53 100 49 283 2 125 614

Hunza 4 - 4 3 20 55 24 110

Shigar 21 - - 1 - 30 2 54

Shyok 4 2 12 3 26 11 8 66

Indus 3 53 98 62 228 73 57 574

Shingo 1 25 24 3 141 3 41 238

Astor 8 29 4 3 42 1 39 126

Jhelum 1 43 24 7 110 1 10 196

Total 51 225 322 149 1064 197 412 2420

Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes

Major and Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes

BasinsNumber of lakes Lake Area

(km2)Largest lake

(km2)Total Major Dangerous

Swat 255 163 2 15.86 0.81

Chitral 187 70 1 9.37 1.86

Gilgit 614 380 8 39.17 2.72

Hunza 110 47 1 3.22 0.29

Shigar 54 11 - 1.09 0.24

Shyok 66 31 6 2.68 0.27

Indus 574 328 15 26.06 1.35

Shingo 238 139 5 11.59 1.36

Astor 126 64 9 5.53 0.54

Jhelum 196 95 5 11.79 1.04

Total 2420 1328 52 126.35  

Conclusions- I

Total number of Glaciers………. 5,218

Total glaciated area........................... 15041 Km2

Est. Ice Reserves..………………. 2,738 Km3

Glacial Lakes……………………. 2,420

Major Lakes…………………….. 1,328

Potentially Dangerous Lakes…... 52

Continued……

Conclusion-II

Maximum glaciers are on northern aspects

Maximum glacial lakes are in Gilgit and Indus River Basins

Most of the potentially dangerous lakes are in the southern basins

Indus Basinwww.icimod-gis.net/web/glof/glof.php

Forest

Agriculture

Grass Land

Bare Ground

Water

Snow

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Dangerous Lakes

GeologySedimentary rocks of Indo-Pak plateCambrian granitic rocksIgneous rocksClastic sedimentsUltramafic OphiolitesAmpiobolite beltChilas-Jijal mafic complexKohistan-Ladakh granitic rocksCretaceous sediments & volcanics of YasinCreto-Eocene sediments & volcanics of Kalam-Dir areaSediments and Metasediments of Karakorum plateKhunjerab-Wakhan-Tirichmmir granitesKarakorum granite belt

Fault Line

GeologySedimentary rocks of Indo-Pak plateCambrian granitic rocksIgneous rocksClastic sedimentsUltramafic OphiolitesAmpiobolite beltChilas-Jijal mafic complexKohistan-Ladakh granitic rocksCretaceous sediments & volcanics of YasinCreto-Eocene sediments & volcanics of Kalam-Dir areaSediments and Metasediments of Karakorum plateKhunjerab-Wakhan-Tirichmmir granitesKarakorum granite belt

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Dangerous Lakes

Future Perspectives

What next?• Complete inventory and development of a spatial and

attribute digital database using reliable medium- to large- scale (1:50,000 to 1:10,000) topographic maps and RS data.

• Identify and monitor PDGL using temporal high resolution RS data, and a multi-disciplinary professional team, over-flight observation and field surveys.

• Establish physical monitoring systems around the potentially dangerous glacial lakes and along the corridors downstream.

• Develop an Early Warning System with necessary instrumentation at glacial lakes of concern and downstream to minimize the impacts of GLOF

Cont.....

• Carry out necessary mitigation works in the glacial lakes of concern to avoid the possible GLOF.

• Regional cooperation and interaction among all relevant organizations/institutions/agencies within and outside the Hindu Kush-Himalayan-Karakoram Region.

• Dissemination of scientific findings of detailed studies, practical experiences, mitigation activities, and promote preparedness for possible disasters arising from GLOF events.

• Bring about awareness amongst policymakers and the public in general.

Potential Future ApplicationsProvides a baseline information for Global climate change studies Planning for water Resources Biodiversity and environmental studies Infrastructure development Hazard mitigation Irrigated agricultural planning for food

security for poverty reduction....etc.

Future Initiatives• Mountain Area Conservancy Fund• Italian initiative on the “Regional Decision

Support System for National Park Management in the Hindu Kush-Karakoram-Himalayan Region”...... Ev, K2 CNR, IUCN, ICIMOD, CESVI and Italian Government

• Flood Protection Sector Project-I..... SAMFIL and SOBEK

• Geoinformatics for Watershed Management in the Hindu Kush Himalayas.....ILWIS, DUFLOW, HEC-RAS, etc.

[email protected]

Thank you