WP 2: Gas Processing Unit 1 http://www.nonmet.mat.ethz.ch/research/onebat Strictly Confidential Workpackage 2: Gas Processing Unit KTI Review Meeting, May 11, 2005 Stutz, N. Hotz, Dr. N. Bieri, and Prof. D. Poulikakos NTB INTERSTAATLICHE HOCHSCHULE FÜR TECHNIK BUCHS
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WP 2: Gas Processing Unit1
http://www.nonmet.mat.ethz.ch/research/onebat
Strictly Confidential
Workpackage 2: Gas Processing Unit
KTI Review Meeting, May 11, 2005
M. Stutz, N. Hotz, Dr. N. Bieri, and Prof. D. Poulikakos
• structures for validation critical points• thermal system demonstrator with simulated 2 W heat source
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit4
http://www.nonmet.mat.ethz.ch/research/onebat
Strictly Confidential
Main Achievement after 12 Months
• Optimized butane reforming performance at 600˚C!
Hydrogen Yield:
Results @ month 12
Results @ Month 6
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit5
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Strictly Confidential
Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit6
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Our Main Task in this Project
• FC System:
• Reformer:
• Post Combustor (PC):
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit7
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Strictly Confidential
Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit8
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WP 2.1: Reformer
Main Tasks:
• Understanding the butane reforming at low temperature (600˚C)?
– Experiments with packed bed reformer
• influence of plugs is significant
• activation/deactivation of catalyst
• Reforming with the disk reactor:
– Coating of the disk reactor
– Influence of sealing
– Activation/deactivation of catalyst
• New challenge
– Modified product specification (from 1 W to 2.5 W power output)
→Build-up of modified test rig
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit9
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Month 12: Milestones (MS)
• MS @ month 12: reformer demonstrator with significant butane
conversion rate @ 600°C and stable for feeds of 0.02 to 0.5 g/h
butane incl. gas chromatography (fabrication: NTB, testing: LTNT)
– Optimized experiments: packed bed reformer
– Modified design in progress (disk reactor)
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit10
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Experimental Results
• Comparison: Packed bed reactor
– Empty tube
– Reformer with plugs 'O' (Al2O3/SiO2, old)
– Reformer with plugs 'N' (SiO2, new)
– Thermodynamic equilibrium
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit11
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Reactor Performance
• Butane conversion
4 10 4 10
4 10
C H ,in C H ,out
C H ,in
n n
n
• for T > 450 °C:
→ high η for 'plugs N'
• for T < 450 °C:
→ high η for 'plugs O'
• η of empty tube is low
→ effect of catalyst
• at T = 600 °C:
→ η = 69.2 % for 'plugs O'
→ η = 93.0 % for 'plugs N'
POXTOX
Total Oxidation (TOX): C4H10 + 6.5 O2→5 H2O + 4 CO2
Partial Oxidation (POX): C4H10 + 2 O2→5 H2 + 4 CO
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit12
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Reactor Performance
• Hydrogen Yield
2
4 10,in
H
C H5
n
n
• for T > 450 °C:
→ high ψ for 'plugs N'
• for T < 450 °C:
→ high ψ for 'plugs O'
• ψ is higher than equilibrium
• at T = 600 °C:
→ ψ = 45.5 % for 'plugs O'
→ ψ = 86.6 % for 'plugs N'
POX
TOX
TOX: C4H10 + 6.5 O2→5 H2O + 4 CO2
POX: C4H10 + 2 O2→5 H2 + 4 CO
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit13
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Outlet composition
• Reformer with plugs 'N' (SiO2, new)
• Outlet composition:• at T = 600 °C:
– XH2O = 4.6%
– XH2 = 23.0%
– XCO = 13.2%
→ Enhanced FC performance if
XH2O ≈ 5%POX
TOX
→ Inlet conditions of FC to NMW / EPFL
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit14
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Disk reactor
• Experimental results of Disk reactor
– Coating: Rh (sputtered by NTB)
– T = 600°C, ddisk = 8 mm, GSV = 25 s-1
PBR
DR
PBR
DR
Reason:
• Sealing?
• Coating?
Butane Conversion:
Hydrogen Yield:Alternative:
• Filling disk space with catalyst
particles (packed bed)
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit15
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Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit16
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WP 2.2: Post Combustor (PC)
Purpose of PC: Catalytic oxidation of (toxic, flammable) exhaust gases
– e.g. C4H10 + 6.5 O2 → 4 CO2 + 5 H2O
– e.g. CO + 0.5 O2 → CO2
• Several studies in literature
– Choice of catalyst and support: (Pt Ce0.5Zr0.5O2)
• PC design similar to reformer (constraints: stack integration)
• Composition of gas at inlet?
• Modified product specification
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit17
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Milestones (MS)
• MS @ month 12: first preliminary post-combustor demonstrator
aiming for significant oxidation rate @ 600°C and stable for feeds of
0.02 to 0.5 g/h butane (fabrication: NTB, testing: LTNT)
– Modified product specification
(from 1 W to 2.5 W power output → Modified test rig)
– Inlet gas composition not known
(CO, CH4, C4H10 conversion in Fuel Cell?)
– Reforming with disk reactor not yet satisfied
– Catalyst particles are active (and already produced by LTNT)W. J. Stark, J. D. Grunwaldt, M. Maciejewski, S. E. Pratsinis, A. Baiker, "Flame-made Pt/ceria/zirconia for low-
temperature oxygen exchange", Chem. Mater., 17 (13) 3352-3358 (2005).
ongoing
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit18
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Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit19
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WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• MS @ month 12: delivery of first reformer and post-combustor
designs aiming for compatibility with heat exchanger and hot
module processing (LTNT)
– Final design: disk reactor
– Initial specifications: dimensions determined
– Altered Specifications: Dimensions to be determined
ongoing
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit20
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Strictly Confidential
Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit21
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Strictly Confidential
Validation of Milestones and Deliverables
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
Month 12: delivery of first reformer and post-combustor designs aiming for compatibility with heat exchanger
and
hot module processing (LTNT)
• WP 2.2: Post-combustor
Month 12: first preliminary post-combustor demonstrator aiming for significant oxidation rate @ 600°C and
stable
for feeds of 0.02 to 0.5 g/h butane (fabrication: NTB, testing: LTNT)
• WP 2.1: Reformer
Month 12: reformer demonstrator with significant butane conversion rate @ 600°C and stable for feeds of 0.02
to 0.5 g/h butane incl. gas chromatography (fabrication: NTB, testing: LTNT)
ongoing
• Previous Milestones and Deliverables: all fullfilled
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit22
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Summary of Results
• Optimized butane reforming at low temperatures (PBR)
• Ongoing butane reforming experiments with DR
• Active catalyst particles for Post-Combustor
• DR design for integration into hot module
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit23
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Strictly Confidential
Overview
• Our Main Task in this Project
• WP 2.1: Reformer
• WP 2.2: Post-Combustor
• WP 2.3: Integration and Testing
• Validation of Milestones
• Next Steps
WP 2: Gas Processing Unit24
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Next steps (Year 2)
• WP 2.1: High performance of disk reactor at T = 600°C: