World Water Day 2008. Indonesia water and Sanitation Magazine. March 2008

From the Editor 1

Your Voice 2

Main Feature

World Water Day 2008, Putting Forward Sanitation Issues 3

The Celebration of World Water Day in Indonesia 4

Sanitation Services Coverage per District/Municipal 2006 8

Sanitation Corner

International Year of Sanitation 2008 Launching in Philippine 10

Interview

Ir. Susmono, Director of Settlement Environmental Sanitation

Development, Department of Public Works: Integrated Program is

Needed to Handle Sanitation 13

Regulation

Ministerial Decree of Public Works No. 21/PRT/M/2006 on

The National Policy and Strategy of Solid Waste Management System

Development 14

Insight

Measuring Diarrhoea with Figures 16

Rote Ndao Prioritizes Water Source Protection 18

Overview

Banjarmasin, City of Thousand Rivers and Latrines 20

Revolving Latrine and Well 21

Reportage

Green Office 22

Inspiration

Greening Bintaro 23

Reflection

Cipto Pratomo: Changing Waste into Art 24

Our Guest

Valerina Daniel (Environment Ambassador) 26

Around WSLIC-2 28

Around ISSDP 30

Around WASPOLA 32

Around WSES 37

Program

Toyota Echo Youth: Increasing Young Generation's Awareness 45

IATPI Clinic 47

CD Info 48

Book Info 49

Website Info 50

WSES Bibliography 51

Agenda 52

Glossary

Information Media for Water Supply andEnvironmental Sanitation

Published by:Water Supply and Sanitation

Working Group

Advisor:Director General for Human Settlement,

Department of Public Works

Board of Trustee:Director of Settlement and Housing, National

Development Planning AgencyDirector of Water and Sanitation,

Ministry of HealthDirector of Water Supply Development,

Department of Public WorksDirector of Natural Resources and AppropriateTechnology, Director General on Village and

Community Empowerment,Department of Home Affairs

Director for Facilitation of Special PlanningEnvironment Management,Department of Home Affairs

Chief Editor:Oswar Mungkasa

Board of Editor:Zaenal Nampira,Indar Parawansa,

Bambang Purwanto

Editor:Maraita Listyasari, Rheidda Pramudhy,

Raymond Marpaung, Fanny Wedahuditama

Design/Illustrator:Rudi Kosasih

Production:Machrudin

Distribution:Agus Syuhada

Address:Jl. Cianjur No. 4, Menteng, Jakarta Pusat

Phone/Fax.: 62-21-31904113http://www.ampl.or.id

e-mail: [email protected]@ampl.or.id

[email protected]

Unsolicited article or opinion itemsare welcome. Please send to our address

or e-mail. Don't forget to be brief andaccompanied by identity.

Cover: RudiKoz DESIGNidea by OM

Percik magazine can be accessed through WSS website http://www.ampl.or.id

FROM EDITOR

Every year, since 16 years ago, eve-ry 22nd of March, we celebrateWorld Water Day (WWD). In line

with launching of International Year ofSanitation (IYS) 2008, World Water Daythis year also puts forward sanitationtheme. In Indonesia, it was agreed thatthe WWD's theme is "Sanitation Con-serves Water and Environment". TurningSanitation as the theme of WWD is theright decision regarding the condition ofsanitation in Indonesia, which is far fromadequate and feasible. Around 77 percentof the population in Indonesia still do nothave access to safe and proper sanitationfacility. This amount is more or less 9 ti-mes of Jakarta's population. Do not ex-pect our water and environment conditi-on would be healthy if our sanitation isstill a problem; when many of the popu-lation still defecate openly; when most ofus have not fully understood the im-portance of hand washing with soap asthe prevention of water borne diseases;when solid waste is still disposed openly,which become the source of diseases andfloods; when household's waste water islet to be untaken care of, which also be-come the source of diseases.

Meanwhile, it has become a hard factthat the awareness of the importance ofsanitation is still far from adequate. Thefact of government's low priority in sani-tation sector can be seen from the invest-ment for the sector for the last 30 years,where the government only allocated Rp.7.7 trillion, which means only Rp. 200,-per capita per year. On the contrary, theminimum requirement for a propersanitation access is Rp. 46.000,- per capi-ta per year.

We have learned from our experi-ences that the awareness of the importan-ce of sanitation would not be achieved byonly sounding the fact that the economicloss caused by poor sanitation has causedpotential economic loss up to Rp. 60 tri-llion, and the increase of the diarrhoea,which further causes the death of100.000 children per year.

We are starting to realize that to trig-

ger the awareness of the decision-makers,and the society, it has to be done throughall necessary means and collectively. Wi-thin this spirit, the national Water Supplyand Environmental Sanitation (WSES)working group with other stakeholdersunder the umbrella of Water and Sani-tation Networking Group participated inthe World Water Day Exhibition, whichwas held by the Department of PublicWorks. The fact that sanitation has notbecome the main concern has become thetrigger to motivate various stakeholdersto collectively synergize to improve theawareness of the importance of sanita-tion.

The message that sanitation has be-come a collective matter is clearly conve-yed in the representativeness of all stake-

holders within the Water and SanitationNetworking booth during the exhibition.These stakeholders were universitiessuch as Trisakti; NGO such as BORDA,PLAN Indonesia and Yayasan Air Kita;Association such as IATPI; Governmentin form of WSES Working Group; Projectsuch as WSLIC-2, TSSM, ISSDP,WASPOLA, JAS, ESP; activities such ashand washing with soap. The message tobe conveyed is that it is the time to handlesanitation together. The improvement ofaccess to proper sanitation is not some-thing that is unreachable.

Congratulations on the World WaterDay. May the celebration of it becomesthe moment for all of us to stand togetherand synergize to improve the access ofsanitation in Indonesia. Why not?

1PercikMarch 2008

Water and Sanitation Networking booth during the exhibition of World Water Day 2008at JIEXPO Kemayoran, Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono

Source of informationand Reference

This media has given lots of inspira-

tions and inputs for us in creating and

improving the quality of water supply and

environmental sanitation sector. We

hope its existence can be the source of

information and reference for all of stake-

holders to address the problems in water

supply and environmental sector, which

eventually can support the achievement

of Healthy Indonesia 2010 program.

Head of Community and FamilyEmpowerment Agency of Depok City

Ir. Hendra Fristoto, MM

Inputs for PercikRegarding the substance of Percik,

here are some suggestions:

a. Present the local wisdom in conser-

ving the water source;

b. Present a profile and evaluation on the

management of sanitation which is

implemented by the developer of Ru-

mah Sangat Sederhana (RSS), Ru-

mah Sederhana (RS), and elite ho-

using, or organization and community

who care about sanitation issues;

c. Portrait of cities that succeed or

failed in managing sanitation.

Head of BAPEDALDA,Province ofWest Sumatera

Ir. Hermansyah, Dipl, SE., MM

Dear Mr. Hermansyah,

We are thankful for your constructi-

ve inputs. Of course it will be helpful if

there is information regarding this and

we will be gladly to publish the articles

for those three topics you have sugges-

ted. Thank you.

Interested in Percikand WSES products

Hi,

I am a journalist working for one of

newspaper in Banten (Radar Banten). I

am interested with the substance of

Percik and book published by WSES

working group related to water supply

and environmental sanitation.

Accordingly, I request to have Percik

periodically, including the books pub-

lished by WSES working group to support

myself in writing articles on environmen-

tal issues. Thank you for your attention.

Agus PriwandonoRedaksi Radar BantenJl. Letnan Jidun No. 7

Serang Banten

Dear Mr. Priwandono,

Thank you for appreciation on our

Percik and WSES products. We will try

to send them to you periodically.

Regarding your journalistic back-

ground, recently a WSES related inter-

media forum was established. If you

don't mind, could we have your email

address to be included in our mailing list

as our tools to exchange information and

to communicate. Thank you.

Thank you forPercik Magazine

Dear Percik,

Alhamdullilah, we have receive Per-

cik magazine of August and December

edition in fine condition. Thank you for

your attention and corporation.

Wassalam.

Deny HelardJurusan Teknik Lingkungan

Fakultas Teknik Universitas AndalasKampus Limau Manis

Padang 25163

Request for PercikDelivery

Thank you for the answers to my

questions (How to obtain Go Green

School and The Adventur of Green

books) in Percik December 2007. If we

can get the copies, can they be sent to this

address:

Tauni Lidiawati

Pusat Studi Lingkungan

Universitas Surabaya

Gedung TG Lt. IV

Jl. Raya Kalirungkut

Surabaya 60293

Thank you for your help.Tuani Lidiawati

PSL Ubaya

Dear Ms. Tuani,

We will try to send you the copies.

YOUR VOICE

2 PercikMaret 2008

World Water Day is one of the

international days, which de-

clared by United Nations

(UN) and commemorated every 22nd of

March. The designation of World Water

Day is based on the Resolution A/RES/

47/1993 during the 47th United Nations'

Conference on 22nd of December 1992,

which acted as the conformity of the re-

commendation of chapter 18 of Agenda

21 from the United Nations Conference

on Environment and Development

(UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro or popularly

known as Earth Summit. The World Wa-

ter Day was to be observed starting from

1993 in every United Nations country

member, including Indonesia.

Officially, World Water Day is orga-

nized by UN-Water, which every year de-

termine its theme. World Water Day's

theme for 2008 is to promote sanitation

issues, which coincide with the declara-

tion of 2008 as the International Year of

Sanitation (IYS). In Indonesia, the theme

of World Water Day is "Sanitation Con-

serves Water and Environment". All of

the world's societies are encouraged to

commemorate World Water Day with fo-

cus on the sanitation issues, which is far

from adequate, both quantitatively and

qualitatively.

Sanitation Messages

Related to World Water Day, There

are 5 sanitation messages that needs to be

carefully observed, (i) Sanitation is vital

for health. Human faeces are the main

source of Diarrhoea pathogen. Without

proper sanitation facility, the health con-

dition of every single person is thre-

atened; (ii) Sanitation is a good economic

investment. Health impact of the poor

sanitation condition leads to economic

and financial cost, including direct health

cost, income loss as the result of decrea-

sing productivity, and government's bud-

get allocation for health services. Other

than causing time loss, the impact also

causes decreasing income from the

tourism sector. The point is that when we

do not do anything, the cost that we have

to pay is to high; (iii) Sanitation contri-

butes to social development. Sanitation

has significant impact on the children de-

velopment and their future; (iv) Sani-

tation helps the environment. Proper sa-

nitation reduces the environmental bur-

den, improves the natural resources' sus-

tainability, and gives better opportunity

for healthier future; (v) Sanitation is

achievable. It's time to act. Households,

communities, local and national govern-

ments, civil society, and private sector

need to work together.

What needs to be done?

Great efforts are needed for sanitation

issues to receive sufficient attention. Ac-

cordingly, making sanitation as impor-

tant issues need to be done in a sustain

manner by involving all stakeholders,

particularly the local government, com-

munity, households, and private sector.

The sanitation mainstreaming at the

national level and the prioritization of sa-

nitation in the national policy and strate-

gy are the initial steps. The international

partnership will improve and increase the

investment and open-up opportunities of

new technological options available.

Nevertheless, this is the time to act.

Let's together improve sanitation sector,

all of us without exception.

OM (from various resources)

3PercikMaret 2008

World Water Day 2008PROMOTING SANITATION ISSUES

WORLD WATER DAY THEMES

Concern on water resources is everybody's business (1994)Water and Women (1995)Water for Dry Cities (1996)World's Water, Is it enough? (1997)Ground water - invisible sources (1998)Everybody lives in the Hilir (1999)Water for 21st century (2000)Water and Health (2001)Water for Development (2002)Water for the Future (2003)Water and Disaster (2004)Water for life (2005)Water and culture (2006), and;Addressing water scarcity (2007).

For further informationon World

http://www.unwater.org/worldwa-terday/flashindex.htmlhttp://www.worldwaterday.orghttp://worldwaterday.nethttp://www.pu.go.id/Publik/INDEvent/HariAir2008http://www.ampl.or.id

M A I N F E AT U R E

Every year, Indonesia has never been left behind in cele-brating World Water Day, which is observed every 22ndof March. This year, the national committee for World

Water Day (WWD) 2008 had prepared a series of activities,which was triggered by the launching of WWD 2008 on the 5thof February 2008 at Department of Public Works.

In general, the agenda which was held by the national com-mittee consist of awareness on water campaign and internation-al year of sanitation, conferences, community movement,encouragement of regional WWD, WWD exhibition, andpublication & documentation.

Exhibition and ConferencesOne of the activities in celebrating WWD XVI 2008 at the

national level is exhibition and conference on water and sanita-tion (Indonesia exhibition and conferences for WWD 2008).The exhibition, which was held for three days from 27th-29thMarch 2008, at Jakarta International Expo (JIEXPO), was heldby department of Public Works.

WWD this year brought forward the theme of "sanitation",which is in line with the launching of International year ofSanitation 2008. Accordingly, the theme of WWD at the nation-al level is Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment.

The minister of Public Works, Djoko Kirmanto, in his open-ing remarks of the exhibition reminded the danger of wasteagainst water sources. "It will be relevant with the condition ofour sanitation, which is poor, not to mention our water condi-tion that is in critical condition" he said.

According to Djoko, speaking about water and sanitation iseverybody's business. He explained that the investment in waterand sanitation sector is still less than 10 percent of the total 36trillion of Public works' budget. "Ideally it should be 30 percent,as for the other physical projects the budget have reached morethan 50 percent. For that reason, support from all the local go-vernments and the stakeholders are needed" he revealed.

To mark the opening of the exhibition and conferences, theminister cut the ribbon and visited every booth. One of thebooths was the joint booth of Water and Sanitation NetworkingIndonesia, which provide various product information related towater and environmental sanitation. It was planned that thepeak of the WWD 2008 would be in the form of joint agreementto improve sub river basin, which was going to be held in Be-ngawan Solo, early April 2008.

Conference on "Sanitation Conserves Water andEnvironment"

The conference was specifically held by the Directorate ofWater Source, Department of Public Works, in between the Ex-hibition with theme on Sanitation Conserve Water and En-vironment, on the 27th March 2008 in the Rinjani Hall, JIEX-PO.

The conference presented four key speakers, which dividedinto two main topics. The first two key speakers were Mu-hammad Khalid Arya of ISSDP, focusing on "the Role of Provin-cial Government in Developing Sanitation Program", and PriJoewono Guntoro, Chief of Sub Agency of Water Source

MAIN FEATURE

4 PercikMarch 2008

World Water Day XVI 2008Commemoration in Indonesia

Source: Bowo Leksono

Management Program of Central Java,focusing on "The Community TechnicalAssistance in Conserving Water SourceTowards Participatory Water SourceManagement". Oswar Mungkasa ofBappenas moderated the first session.

In his presentation, M. Khalid ques-tioned the need of sanitation. Accordingto him, sanitation gives great impact onthe water sources, economically, health,and livelihood quality. "According to thedata, 50 out of 1000 people die because ofpoor sanitation" he said.

M. Khalid explained that Indonesia'ssanitation problems are the ineffectiveuse of available sanitation facilities, bu-reaucracy gap between central and dis-trict, which makes Provincial governmentplays an important role, sectoral ap-proach in sanitation development, lowpriority for sanitation and minimal budg-et allocation for sanitation sector deve-lopment.

Meanwhile, Pri, who is involved in ri-ver restoration and conservation sector,continuously raise the awareness on wa-

ter sources. "The success of water sourcesrestoration depend on the success of cre-ating community behavioural change to-wards the surrounding environment" hesaid.

The topic for the second session wereon the "Bio Pore Holes to Reduce TheSurface Run-off and Solid Waste, and toImprove Soil Fertility" by Kamir Brata,Department of Soil Sources, Bogor Ins-titute of Agriculture; and "Utilization ofDomestic Solid Waste Processing Tech-nology for Biogas on MCK++ (Techno-logy Buffled Reactor & Biogas Digester),by Irwansyah Irdus, Chief of RW 08, Ke-lurahan North Petojo, sub district ofGambir, Central Jakarta. Dina Hendra-wan of Trisakti University moderated thissession.

The conclusion of both sessions werewas delivered by Agus Suprapto, who, ingeneral, stated that sanitation is not onlyrelated to the provision of physical facili-ty, but also related closely to the beha-vioural change of the community and thechange of perspective of the stakeholders,

particularly the decision-makers in orderto give sanitation higher priority in thedevelopment. "Beside, related to watersource management, concrete actions areneeded, including sanitation" heexplained.

Conference on Final Solid WasteProcessing Facility (FSWPF)

This conference was also meant to ob-serve the International Year of Sanitation2008, on 24th March 2008, in Jakarta,held by Department of Public Works,through the Directorate of Envi-ronmental Sanitation Settlement Deve-lopment. Through the conference, severaltechnologies and latest innovations inmanaging the FSWPF were introducedand discussed.

Ayako Tanaka and Yasushi Matsufuji,researchers of Graduate School ofEngineering, Faculty of Engineering, Fu-kuoka University, Japan, presented thestudi on "Biodegradation Process of Mu-nicipal Solid Waste by Semi-aerobicLandfill Type". In general, the study wasaimed to obtain the difference betweenbiodegradation processes on landfillanaerobic and semi-aerobic types.

The result shows that the use of semi-aerobic type proves to be more useful inmaintaining the environmental func-tions. On the other sessions, both rese-archers also presented "Concept of SafetyClosure and Reuse of Completed Landfillsites", which in general explains the pro-cess, steps and indicators needed in uti-lizing landfill disposal facility safely.

Another interesting discussion oc-curred in the session with focus on thecase study of Clean Development Mecha-nism (CDM) project in Malaysia, presen-ted by the several researcher represen-tatives from several institution: FukuokaUniversity, Tokyu Construction Co. Ltd,National Institute for Environmental Stu-dies, New Energy and Industrial Techno-logy Development Organization (NEDO).

Overall, the study is aimed to obtainthe answers to the challenges of CDMproject in term of the changing of anaero-bic condition towards semi-aerobic con-dition or speed up the stabilization of

MAIN FEATURE

5PercikMaret 2008


landfill disposal facility by using steel pi-pe casing method.

The benefits in implementing thismethod are: (i) earlier achievement ofstable state for poorly managed landfilldisposal facility; (ii) reduction of environ-mental pollution; (iii) contribute toimprovement of environmental supportcapacity in anticipating the global warm-ing.

Meanwhile, the issue on Rehabilita-tion-Reclamation of final solid waste dis-posal facility was presented by Prof. Ir.Enri Damanhuri of Bandung Institute ofTechnology. As for the head of Sanitationagency of Pontianak,the presentation wasfocusing on the management of final solidwaste disposal facility based on the CDMprinciples.

All of the efforts cannot stand alone,rather, they need to be implemented inte-gratedly by the community in form of 3Rprinciples (reduce, reuse and recycle),and the governments are required to im-plement the eco-labelling principlethrough the improvement of environ-mental friendly material use by pro-ducers.

KRuHA In Action During WWD 2008Not only with seminars and work-

shops, the WWD 2008 also celebratedwith an action from one of NGOs whichare concerns with the condition of waterin Indonesia. The People's Coalition forThe Rights of Water (PCRW/KRuHA -Koalisi Rakyat untuk Hak Atas Air), anNGO, performed demonstration in frontof the Presidential Palace and RRIJakarta building on Saturday, 22ndMarch 2008.

The Demonstration was begun with along march from the Horse statue of Mer-deka Street up to the Presidential Palace.The demonstrators refuse all kinds of pri-vatization of water sources. They felt thatthe government is selling water resourcesto the private sectors through waterprivatization.

Based on that, KRuHA forced the pro-vincial government of DKI Jakarta tocancel or break the contract of water sup-ply services, which are controlled by both

of its partner.Hamong, as the national coordinator

of KRuHA argue that the breaking of thecontract should be directed towards thereturning of the rights of water to the pu-blic through PAM Jaya. "For this reason,beside the management and financial as-pects, including the work force, prepa-ration on the political side is needed" hesaid.

The Commemoration of WorldWater Day XVI in the

Regional Level

Water Subscriber CommunicationForum (WSCF) Established Sub-scriber Complaint Centre

In order to celebrate the WWD 2008,WSCF together with YLKI of North Su-matera established subscriber complaintcentre and would held a series of activi-ties in River Cleaning Movement (RCM)package, which would be started on the26th February - 26th March 2008.

Azri SMAK as the chief of WSCF sta-ted that the activities are, among others,Clean River Awareness campaign to allthe community in the Sunggal-Belawan

riverbank, speech competition on WWDat the High school level.

The establishment of the subscribercomplaint centre is meant as the com-mintment of WSCF and YKI of NorthSumatera to protect the existence ofwater subscriber to receive their norma-tive rights as stated in the Law ofCustomer No. 8 1999.

Meanwhile, the Clean River Aware-ness campaign gives the knowledge andunderstanding to all the community onthe importance of the cleanliness of theriver. The river is not meant as the gar-bage bin, and there is a great danger onhealth caused by a polluted river. As forthe speech competition, 200 studentsfrom high school in Medan city, with"save my river from pollution" as the the-me, joined it. It aims to increase the awa-reness and responsibility of young gene-ration, particularly the youth in conser-ving the river and to enable them to dareto say "War on River Pollution".

Commemoration of WWD 2008 inLampung

In the province of Lampung, the cele-bration of WWD 2008 was conducted on

MAIN FEATURE

6 PercikMarch 2008

One-day workshop on Sanitation Conserves Water and Environment at JIEXPO, Jakarta.Source: Bowo Leksono

the 26th March 2008, located in Adipura Monument Boulevard(Elephant Boulevard), Raden Intan Street, Bandar Lampung.The activity was held by Lampung Post daily newspaper and Co-ca Cola, in collaboration with BPDAS Way Seputih Way Sekam-pung, Forest Agency of Lampung Province, Mapala of BandarLampung University, IAIN Raden Intan, and Water Boards ofBandar Lampung city.

The celebration was filled with distribution of plant seeds tothe community of highway user, who were driving through theboulevard. The distribution of the seeds was based on the themeof the activity, which is "Water for Life. Save Water by PlantingTrees".

With the commemoration of WWD, it is expected that all sta-keholders pay their attention on how to: maintain the quality ofenvironment; revitalize the forest's functions as water reservoir,revitalization of ground water as the source of clean water formost of Indonesian's population and so forth; ensure water avai-lability for community in term of quantity and quality. It can bestarted from each individuals by saving water in daily use.

One-Day Workshop in Bandung Institute of Techno-logy (ITB)

In celebrating the WWD 2008, Bandung Institute of Techno-logy in collaboration with the Directorate of Settlement, Depart-ment of Public Works, held a one-day workshop with theme of"Water and Sanitation Appreciation in Kawasan budi Daya, Nowand The Future", on the 31st March 2008, West Hall, ITB.

The workshop was officially started by the Rector of ITB,which was followed by a short film on water and its condition in2070. Director General of Cipta Karya, Ir. Budi Yuwono, explainedon the importance of strategic policy for sustainable developmentin the Urban and Rural Area. He advises active participation fromall stakeholders to support sustainable development.

The lessons learned from the regional cooperation, whichhas been accommodated in the 2004 joint agreement by the go-vernor of West Java, Head of District of Bandung, Sumedangand the mayor of Bandung and Cimahi, in ensuring the sustain-able development of cekungan (water catchment area) in Ban-dung shows the intended active participation. 12 key speakerssupported the workshop, which was divided in three sessions.

At the end of the workshop, Prof. Djuli Soemirat deliveredthe conclusion of all 12 topics, which was not a new thing in thewater and sanitation sector. "The development of water andenvironmental Sanitation sector needs to be accompanied by thechange of behaviour towards clean and healthy living, andchanging behaviour towards environment" he said. Beside that,technological aspect alone will not be sufficient to produce sus-tainable development.

Several key words in this workshop in principal are coordi-nation, integration and consistencies, hygiene and environmen-tal education from early stage, and community-based approach.

Community Movement and WWD AppreciationSelected as the implementation of this activity was the dis-

trict and city of Tangerang, on 12th April 2008. Related with theSanitation theme, several strategic places were visited, which areSANIMAS in Sepatan village, sub district of Kedaung Wetan,MCK ++ at Jatake, and community-based solid waste manage-ment in Mustika Tigaraksa estate.

As for the other activities, there were several activities suchas blood donor at Department of Public Works and communitymovement on Hand Washing with Soap, which was held toge-ther with activities in SANIMAS location, Sepatan village. BW/OM/FEW/berbagai sumber

MAIN FEATURE

7PercikMarch 2008

Following the agreement of Policy Implementation Consolidation work-shop in Bali on 2nd - 6th March 2008, several local WSES working groups haveparticipated in celebrating the WWD 2008 in their own districts.

The provincial WSES working group of West Sumatera in collaborationwith WASPOLA held a workshop on communication strategy for the develop-ment of community-based water and environmental sanitation on 25-27 March2008.

The provincial WSES working group of Central Java has held a talk showin Female radio 106,1 FM, with Agung Tejo Prabowo (Provincial WSES workinggroup of Central Java) and Unicef's representative. On the second week ofApril, a celebration of WWD in big events was planned, with agenda, amongothers, visits to community, media gathering and conferences.

In the district of Serang, the local government has held a ceremony ofWWD on the 31st March 2008. Beside that, banners were also posted in sev-eral strategic points in Serang city. Further, the publication of article bySerang's WSES working group on WWD in Radar Banten newspaper also beingdone.

In Sumbawa, NTB, the WSES working group also celebrated WWD by post-ing a big ballyhoo on Water and Sanitation Campaign

LOCAL WATER SUPPLY AND ENVIRONMENTALWORKING GROUP'S ACHIEVEMENT

Source: Fanny Wedahuditama

1 City of Banda Aceh 93.332 City of Semarang 93.273 City of Tegal 91.944 City of Madiun 90.315 City of Yogyakarta 89.586 City of Mojokerto 88.287 City of Cimahi 87.388 City of Medan 86.889 City of Pontianak 86.6810 City of Cirebon 86.6711 City of Surakarta 86.5612 City of Jakarta Selatan 86.5013 City of Jakarta Utara 86.0314 City of Pekan Baru 85.1415 City of Depok 84.4216 City of Jakarta Timur 83.3117 City of Balikpapan 82.7418 City of Bekasi 82.2619 City of Denpasar 81.2520 City of Jakarta Pusat 80.9421 City of Pare-pare 80.2122 City of Tebing Tinggi 80.1023 City of Jambi 79.9624 City of Palangka Raya 78.1625 District of Badung 78.0826 City of Ambon 78.0627 City of Blitar 77.9728 City of Bukittinggi 77.5029 City of Bontang 77.0030 City of Magelang 75.9931 District of Gianyar 75.8832 City of Makassar 75.6533 City of Jakarta Barat 75.6134 City of Surabaya 74.1135 City of Palu 72.5736 City of Padang 72.4337 District of Sidoarjo 72.2638 District of Sleman 71.9039 City of Kediri 71.7240 City of Ternate 71.2241 District ofSorong 71.0642 City of Pangkal Pinang 70.7243 City of Malang 69.6844 City of Bandar Lampung 69.3245 City of City of Jayapura 68.8546 District of Klungkung 68.2747 City of Salatiga 67.2348 City of Tidore Kepulauan 65.5649 District of Klaten 65.5350 District of Sukoharjo 65.4451 City of Binjai 65.1152 City of Palembang 64.8153 City of Tangerang 63.8254 City of Sabang 63.8055 District of Deli Serdang 63.6456 City of Padang Panjang 62.4757 City of Banjar Baru 62.2858 City of Bogor 61.8459 City of B A T A M 61.6960 District of Karanganyar 61.6861 District of Buleleng 61.2662 City of D U M A I 61.2063 City of Solok 60.9464 City of Cilegon 60.9365 District of Kuningan 60.8366 District of. Jembrana 60.6967 District of Tabanan 60.0468 City of Bengkulu 59.9569 City of Tanjung Balai 59.8770 District of Kudus 59.78

MAIN FEATURE

Sanitation Services Coverage*Based on Districts/Cities in Indonesia 2006

8 PercikMarch 2008

NO NAME OF DISTRICT/CITY SERVICE COVERAGE (%)

71 City of Lhoksumawe 59.4672 District of Sidenreng Rappang 59.3073 District of Pinrang 59.2874 District of Indramayu 58.8975 City of Langsa 58.8376 District of Toba Samosir 58.6077 District of Tangerang 57.7878 City of Pematang Siantar 57.7379 District of Gresik 56.8480 City of Manado 56.6381 District of Aceh Besar 56.5882 District of Magetan 56.4683 City of Bau-bau 55.6884 City of Pekalongan 55.2185 City of Samarinda 55.0786 City of Probolinggo 54.1687 City of Kendari 54.0688 District of Kulon Progo 53.6789 District of Minahasa Selatan 53.1290 District of Barru 52.7291 District of Bekasi 52.6892 City of Palopo 52.6593 District of Gowa 52.4294 City of Tarakan 52.2895 District of Majalengka 52.2196 City of Lubuklinggau 52.1497 City of Prabumulih 51.6698 District of Hulu Sungai Utara 51.5399 District of Bangka 51.43100 District of Cirebon 51.11101 District of Biak Numfor 50.87102 District of Bangka Tengah 50.85103 City of Pasuruan 50.45104 District of Minahasa 50.37105 District of Purworejo 50.10106 District ofSorong Selatan 49.74107 City of Gorontalo 49.54108 City of Metro 49.48109 District of Serdang Bedagai 49.22110 City of Payakumbuh 49.17111 District of Mojokerto 48.65112 District of Mimika 48.17113 District of Minahasa Utara 47.89114 District of Bangka Barat 47.34115 City of Bitung 47.19116 District of Kebumen 47.16117 District of Semarang 47.12118 City of Mataram 46.88119 City of Bandung 46.77120 Kepulauan Riau 46.43121 District of Kolaka 46.32122 District of Takalar 45.90123 District of Lamongan 45.88124 City of Tanjung Pinang 45.74125 District of Ogan Komering Ulu 45.73126 District of Jombang 45.61127 District of Karo 45.44128 City of Batu 44.44129 District of Halmahera Tengah 44.11130 City of Banjarmasin 44.07131 District of Penajam Paser Utara 43.85132 District of Tulungagung 43.83133 District of Maros 43.80134 District of Purwakarta 43.69135 District of Ponorogo 43.28136 District of Berau 43.05137 District of Bangka Selatan 43.01138 District of Bengkalis 42.17139 District of Enrekang 41.89140 District of Halmahera Utara 41.49


141 City of Banjar 41.40142 District of Poso 41.39143 City of Sibolga 40.80144 District of S I A K 40.78145 District of Sumedang 40.71146 District of Bandung 40.63147 District of Banyumas 40.56148 District of Pati 40.31149 District of Tapanuli Utara 40.25150 City of Bima 40.10151 District of Tegal 40.02152 District of Demak 39.95153 District of Asahan 39.90154 District of Labuhan Batu 39.65155 District of Kepulauan Sangi 39.25156 District ofTeluk Bintuni 39.06157 District of Serang 38.97158 District of Madiun 38.90159 District of Jayapura 38.66160 District of Cilacap 38.49161 District of Subang 38.46162 District of Langkat 38.09163 District of Kediri 37.97164 District of Jepara 37.53165 District of Grobogan 37.33166 District of Temanggung 37.23167 District of Sikka 37.02168 District of Karimun 36.91169 District of Malang 36.85170 City of Sawah Lunto 36.85171 District of Bogor 36.83172 District of Bulukumba 36.79173 District of Boyolali 36.73174 District of Ciamis 36.73175 District of Pekalongan 36.73176 District of Sragen 36.56177 District of Brebes 36.51178 District of Magelang 36.40179 District of Bolaang Mongondow 36.30180 District of Nganjuk 36.26181 District of Pangkajene Kepulauan 36.07182 District of Sumbawa Barat 35.84183 District of Kampar 35.72184 District of Aceh Tamiang 35.72185 District of Belitung 35.63186 City of Tomohon 35.61187 District of Pidie 35.60188 District of Bengkayang 35.40189 District of Bangli 35.36190 District of Simalungun 34.60191 District of Kerinci 34.45192 City of Singkawang 34.42193 District of Karawang 34.31194 District of Belitung Timur 33.81195 District of Agam 33.80196 District of Karang Asem 33.68197 District of Kepulauan Talau 33.39198 District of Lampung Selatan 33.38199 District of Buton 33.27200 District of Muara Enim 33.19201 District of Sambas 32.99202 District of Humbang Hasundu 32.71203 District of Banyuwangi 32.58204 District of Samosir 32.22205 District of Sumbawa 31.89206 District of Mamuju Utara 31.72207 District of Halmahera Timur 31.56208 District of Banyu Asin 31.47209 District of Kendal 31.46210 District of Dairi 31.36


MAIN FEATURE

9PercikMarch 2008

211 District of Selayar 31.17212 District of Aceh Tengah 31.02213 District of Aceh Utara 30.97214 District of Trenggalek 30.94215 District of Bulongan 30.91216 District of Padang Pariaman 30.87217 District of Pemalang 30.82218 District of Toli-toli 30.76219 District of Rejang Lebong 30.75220 District of Barito Timur 30.72221 District of Purbalingga 30.63222 District of Luwu Utara 30.59223 District ofSorong 30.56224 District of Aceh Barat 30.27225 City of Kupang 30.26226 District of Parigi Moutong 30.24227 District of Kotawaringin Barat 29.87228 District of Ogan Ilir 29.79229 District of Barito Selatan 29.65230 District of Blitar 29.43231 District of Pasuruan 29.33232 District of Bantaeng 29.21233 District of Kutai 28.86234 District of Bungo 28.59235 District of Banggai 28.29236 City of Padang Sidempuan 28.26237 District of Bone 28.18238 District of Lembata 27.94239 District of Wonosobo 27.40240 City of Tasikmalaya 27.10241 District of Tanggamus 27.02242 District of Seram Bagian Barat 26.79243 District of Tebo 26.77244 District of Halmahera Barat 26.74245 District of Banjar 26.50246 District of Aceh Singkil 26.47247 District of Dompu 26.28248 District of Pontianak 26.26249 District of Bireuen 26.01250 District of Rembang 25.71251 District of Tana Toraja 25.52252 District of Seluma 25.41253 District of Polewali Mamasa 25.41254 District of Rokan Hulu 25.24255 District of Kutai Timur 25.02256 District of Balangan 25.00257 District of Wonogiri 24.95258 City of Pagar Alam 24.73259 District of Tojo Una-una 24.67260 District of Blora 24.45261 District of Soppeng 24.39262 District of Lampung Utara 24.36263 District of Aceh Timur 24.25264 District ofKaimana 24.07265 District of Buol 23.89266 District of Aceh Selatan 23.88267 District of Jeneponto 23.85268 District of Hulu Sungai Selatan 23.83269 District of Tulangbawang 23.82270 District of Fak-Fak 23.75271 District of Merangin 23.74272 District of Lampung Timur 23.48273 District of Ketapang 23.43274 District of Buru 23.43275 District of Lahat 23.22276 District of Morowali 23.16277 District of Tuban 23.04278 District of Wajo 22.96279 District of Tanjung Jabung 22.94280 District of Kolaka Utara 22.71281 District of Bojonegoro 22.66282 District of Pesisir Selatan 22.63283 District of Banggai Kepulauan 22.61284 District of Tabalong 22.59285 District of Boalemo 22.41286 District of Luwu 22.39


287 District of Bengkulu Utara 22.25288 District of Pandeglang 22.10289 District of Luwu Timur 22.05290 District of Wakatobi 21.86291 District of Kepulauan Sula 21.75292 District of Sawahlunto/sijunjung 21.67293 District of Pakpak Barat 21.63294 District of Gunung Kidul 21.62295 District of Pohuwato 21.28296 District of Jember 21.25297 District of Flores Timur 21.04298 District of Batang 20.85299 District of Sarolangun 20.85300 District of Nagan Raya 20.76301 District of Lumajang 20.55302 District of Maluku Tengah 20.51303 District of Bangkalan 20.48304 District of Sinjai 20.27305 District of Ogan Komering Ilir 20.21306 District of Lebak 20.20307 District of Kepulauan Riau 20.18308 District of Mukomuko 20.15309 District of Lombok Barat 20.11310 District of Mamuju 20.10311 District of Sukabumi 20.08312 District of Bombana 20.01313 District of Tapin 19.99314 District of Teluk Wondama 19.79315 District of Majene 19.77316 District of Kendari 19.68317 District of Musi Banyu Asin 19.65318 District of Donggala 19.63319 District of Ende 19.55320 District of Sanggau 19.42321 District of Batang Hari 19.15322 District of Gorontalo 19.13323 District of Pasaman Barat 18.81324 District of Dharmasraya 18.74325 District of Nabire 18.69326 District of Halmahera Selatan 18.26327 District of Muna 18.07328 District of Bener Meriah 17.86329 District of Lombok Timur 17.79330 District of Ogan Komering Utara 17.61331 District of Kepulauan Seribu 17.50332 District of Lampung Tengah 17.48333 District of Kutai Barat 17.44334 District of Solok 17.34335 District of Tanah Datar 17.20336 District of Kepahiang 17.18337 District of Cianjur 17.15338 District of Musi Rawas 17.14339 District of Pasaman 17.08340 District of Muaro Jambi 16.97341 District of Ogan Komering Utara 16.93342 District of Konawe Selatan 16.85343 District of Ngawi 16.83344 District of Aceh Jaya 16.82345 District of Malinau 16.59346 District of Tapanuli Selatan 16.40347 City of Pariaman 16.30348 District of Aceh Barat Daya 15.81349 City of Sukabumi 15.75350 District of Indragiri Hulu 15.43351 District of Solok Selatan 15.34352 District of Gayo Lues 15.32353 District of Sumba Timur 15.12354 District of Lombok Tengah 14.94355 District of Tapanuli Tengah 14.94356 District of Kapuas 14.81357 District of Garut 14.72358 District of Maluku Tenggara 14.55359 District of Pelalawan 14.49360 District of Rokan Hilir 14.49361 District of Hulu Sungai Tengah 14.46362 District of Banjarnegara 14.38


363 District of Alor 14.20364 District of Bone Bolango 14.19365 District of Barito Kuala 14.09366 District of Pasir 14.08367 District of Situbondo 13.98368 District of Bima 13.91369 District of Nunukan 13.86370 District of Lingga 13.78371 District of Sampang 13.59372 District of Pacitan 13.56373 District of Aceh Tenggara 13.33374 District of Raja Ampat 13.20375 District of Bengkulu Selatan 13.07376 District of Lima Puluh Koto 13.02377 District of Merauke 12.98378 District of Simeulue 12.24379 District of Indragiri Hilir 12.18380 District of Kaur 11.84381 District of Barito Utara 11.68382 District of Tanah Laut 11.64383 District of Keerom 10.94384 District of Kepulauan Aru 10.89385 District of Paniai 10.80386 District of Gunung Mas 10.58387 District of Maluku Tenggara 10.44388 District of Belu 10.12389 District of Bondowoso 10.08390 District of Melawi 10.03391 District of Manokwari 9.96392 District of Natuna 9.92393 District of Kuantan Singing 9.71394 District of Sumenep 9.50395 District of Tasikmalaya 9.39396 District of Kapuas Hulu 9.13397 District of Probolinggo 9.00398 District of Jayawijaya 8.97399 District of Tanjung Jabung 8.41400 District of Manggarai Barat 8.37401 District of Seruyan 8.10402 District of Sukamara 7.79403 District of Sintang 7.36404 District of Lampung Barat 7.26405 District of Mamasa 7.08406 District of Pamekasan 7.08407 District of Landak 6.96408 District of Timor Tengah Utara 6.90409 District of Kupang 6.41410 District of City of Baru 6.28411 District of Asmat 6.25412 District of Seram Bagian Timur 6.09413 District of Lamandau 6.06414 District of Tanah Bumbu 5.99415 District of Sarmi 5.73416 District of Mandailing Natal 5.65417 District of Nias 5.41418 District of Manggarai 5.32419 District of Kepulauan Mentawai 4.31420 District of Way Kanan 4.28421 District of Rote Ndao 3.65422 District of Lebong 3.37423 District of Katingan 3.31424 District of Pulang Pisau 2.81425 District of Ngada 2.64426 District of Kotawaringin Timur 2.51427 District of Nias Selatan 2.49428 District of Sumba Barat 2.13429 District of Timor Tengah Selatan 1.82430 District of Puncak Jaya 1.79431 District of Sekadau 0.86432 District of Murung Raya 0.65433 District of Mappi 0.52434 District of Yahukimo 0.00435 District of Pegunungan Bintuni 0.00

INDONESIA 40.67


Source: Statistic Bureau*) Percentage of septic tank as the faeces final disposal

When receiving offer from Eco-Asia Program to parti-

cipate the launching of International Year of

Sanitation (IYS) 2008 in Philippines, what was

being imagined was a huge launching. On the contrary, the event

was held in a humble manner in a small city of Mandaluyong, a

part of Manila's Metropolitan, but it was held in a merry and

inspirational mood. This article tries to describe the situation of

IYS launching.

Launching in Three Sessions

The launching of IYS 2008 was centred in Mandaluyong city,

Metro Manila, in the sessions, which was started at the city level,

and then national level and ended at the school level.

The launching at the city level was held in a sport field that

was turned into a stage. The selection of Monday as the day and

the sport field as the location for the launching was not decided

without a good reason. Mandaluyong city was chosen based on

the Mandaluyong's Mayor position as the chief of League of

Cities of The Philippines/LCP. It was expected that other city

members could also be inspired. Meanwhile, the selection of

Monday as the launching day was based on the routine activities

of all cities, where all mayors and all of the staff conduct a meet-

ing with the community. It was expected that during the launch-

ing, many people would participate in the weekly meeting. On

that day, in line with the launching, commemoration of WASH

(water, sanitation and hygiene) Promotion day also would be

held.

At the national level, the event was held in the city hall, and

attended by minister of Health, minister of Environment and

Natural Resources of Philippine, Philippine congressional mem-

ber; also act as the chairman of committee on Ecology, UNDP

representatives, and Mayor of Mandaluyong. On that occasion,

the mayor emphasized the importance of the municipal and dis-

trict government to adopt sanitation program to avoid the cost

of poor sanitation. Meanwhile, the congress members empha-

sized their commitment to support sanitation program. Other

than that, several important documents were launched, such as

book of Sanitation Condition of East Asia, Manual for Faeces

and Domestic Wastewater treatment, Study on Sanitation

Economic Impact in Philippines, and Sanitation Info Kit.

After the launching in the city hall, the participants moved to

the next launching location, which is in one the school nearby.

The main agenda is to promote hand washing with soap

(HWwS), which would conducted together by the mayor, minis-

ters, miss Earth of Philippines, miss pageant of Mandaluyong,

and WASH captain, who was the icon of WASH campaign). The

promotion on HWwS was conducted in front of the audience

who were mostly students and mass media. The launching was

officially closed by a press conference that was attended by 10

electronic and print mass media.

Activities' Momentum

Different with Indonesia that came late in preparing the

commemoration of IYS 2008, Philippine have prepared a series

of activities far before it is due. Holding the Philippine

Sanitation Summit I 2006 soon after the United Nations (UN)

declared year 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation began

the series of activities. The next several activities were meant to

maintain the momentum of the coming activities such as

Regional Sanitation Summit 2007: Region XI and XII in Davao

city, 26-27 June 2007, and the East Asia Ministerial Conference

TSI CORNER2008

10 PercikMarch 2008

Launching of International Year of Sanitation 2008 in Philiphine

HUMBLE BUT MERRY

The stage was built in a simple but interesting manner.Source: OM

on Sanitation and Hygiene (EASan) in

Beppu, Japan, 30 November - 1

December 2007.

During EASan, Philippine's delega-

tion planned the signing of Action

Agenda by the Philippine's President,

which mainly states the declaration of

2008 as the International Year of

Sanitation, as well as declaring the fourth

week of June as the Sanitation Week.

However, until the last minute of the

launching event, there was no sign of

signing activity as mentioned previously.

The Launching

Another thing that is different with

Indonesia is that the planning and organ-

ization of the IYS 2008 launching in

Philippine was implemented by The

Philippine Ecological Sanitation Network

(PEN), an informal network consists of

central government, donors,

program/project, universities and NGOs.

The network was considered to be suc-

cessful in holding the event of The

Philippine Sanitation Summit 2006

together with Health Department and

Environmental and Natural Resources

Department of Philippine. Meanwhile,

UNICEF also contributed in term of

advocacy activities and the improvement

of public awareness.

The holding of IYS 2008 launching

was also supported by many stakehold-

ers, such as WSP - World Bank, USAID,

SIDA, GTZ, WHO, PLAN International,

and City Association, including several of

its member.

In Indonesia, the commemoration of

IYS 2008 is coordinated by department

of Public Works by involving all stake-

holders from the government as well as

the non-government components; how-

ever, the involvement from the donors is

still need to be increased.

Theme and Motto

The main motto of IYS 2008 in

Philippine is "Sanitation is the Solution".

Concise, clear and firm. Several other key

messages that were already prepared

were (i) sanitation is vital for human

health; (ii) sanitation generates economic

benefits; (iii) sanitation contributes to

dignity and social development; (iv) sani-

tation helps the environment; and (v)

improving sanitation is achievable.

Stakeholders Involvement

During the launching, many stake-

holders were involved in the process.

Starting from the Pageant Queen, who

was specifically prepared to light up the

event; Captain WASH, who is the mascot

of behaviour change campaign, school

children, until the community themselves

were parading. The queen's involvement

did not stop in the first day, but they also

had received training on sanitation and

other related aspects. It was clearly

expressed when the queen was inter-

viewed by the media. She could give

inspirational answers not the normative

ones, as the government officials usually

answer.

The involvement of community needs

to be given appreciation. In the form of

banners full with their handwriting,

many of the community's feelings and

expectation towards sanitation were

being expressed. One of them is by

TSI CORNER2008

11PercikMarch 2008

Source: OM

Around 20 million people donot have safe access to sanita-tionIn average, 31 under-five dieevery day of diarrhoeaCost of poor sanitation reachesRp. 19,5 Trillion or equal to1,5% of Philippine's GNP 2005(Economics of Sanitation Initi-ative/ESI)

SANITATIONFACTS IN PHILIPPINE

Philippine have prepareda series of activities far

before it is due. Holding thePhilippine Sanitation

Summit I 2006 soon after theUnited Nations (UN) declaredyear 2008 as the International

Year of Sanitation beganthe series of activities.

encouraging hand washing with soap,

proper toilet use, or simply by saying wel-

come to the IYS 2008, and many more.

The most surprising thing was the

involvement of Manila Water, a company

who receive water supply concession for

eastern part of Manila, who was very

active during the event. The company was

very active, from preparing the convert-

ible vehicles, water tank truck, and even

participated in the press conference.

Parliament Support

The participation of one of the parlia-

ment member, who is also the chairman

of Committee of Ecology of Philippine

and the chairman of Philippine delega-

tion for EASan in Japan, showed a strong

support from the legislative.

Sambil Menyelam Minum Air

The launching of IYS 2008 was also

related to other activities such as the

WASH campaign, Hand Washing with

Soap Promotion, launching and dissemi-

nation of several books and document of

many stakeholders. At least, there were

several books and documents to be noted

(i) publication of "Universal Sanitation in

East Asia: Mission Possible?" by WSP-

WHO-UNICEF; (ii) manual on "Opera-

tion Manual on The Rules and Regu-

lations Governing the Collection, han-

dling, Transport, Treatment and Disposal

of Domestic Sludge and Septage" by

Health Department of Philippine; (iii)

Sanitation study by WSP-EAO World

Bank, and ECO-Asia Program USAID;

and (iv) Information Kit on Sanitation by

Local Initiatives for Affordable

Wastewater Treatment (LINAW) USAID.

Close Corporation Among Donors

and between Donors with Stake-

holders

One of many interesting things from

the success of IYS 2008 launching was

the close corporation among and between

donors with other stakeholders. This was

reflected since the event of Philippine

Sanitation Summit 2006. This condition

was possible because of the establishment

of Philippine Ecological Sanitation

Network (PEN), which is the place of

coordination between donors, govern-

ment, NGOs and other stakeholders.

Different with what happen in Indonesia,

which recently established donor group

for sanitation, known as Sanitation

Donor group, coordinated by World

Bank. None of its activities are being con-

ducted.

Dreaming of Sanitation

Coming back from the launching

event, many expectations come up, or

should they be called sanitation dreams.

How Indonesia can hold an event, inter-

national and national event, in a humble

manner, but merry, rather than huge and

extravagance but does not has any mean-

ing? How Indonesia will have a forum to

facilitate donors, and between donors

and other stakeholder? How the legisla-

tive can give support and attention to

Sanitation, which is the basic needs of

every human being. And still many more

dreams...... (OM)

TSI CORNER2008

12 PercikMarch 2008

One of the demonstration tools of proper 3 dimension toilet. Source: OM

The Community is very enthusiastic in waiting for the convoy of IYS 2008while holding a banner. Source: OM

H ow is the condition of sanita-

tion in Indonesia nowadays?

There are several progress, particular-

ly on the increasing rate of access to water

supply and environmental sanitation,

which is indirectly has impact on the

improvement of community's health

level. This performance is supported by

the data of Statistical bureau 2002, where

the proportion of household using toilets

and septic tank is up to 63,5 percent

(urban 78 percent, rural 52 percent) and

the Indonesia's water supply condition is

only at + 45 percent. However, if we com-

pare with other countries in South East

Asia, particularly Malaysia, Singapore

and Thailand, we are still way behind.

What are the factors that influ-

ence the poor sanitation condition

in Indonesia?

In general, the factors that influence

our poor sanitation condition are:

a. Inefficiency and ineffectiveness of

investment in the development

process of water supply and environ-

mental sanitation sector;

b. The limited capacity of the govern-

ment in providing the proportional

budget allocation for water supply

and environmental sanitation;

c. The lack of policy and regulation on

the management of hidden potential

within the community;

d. Low priority on the environmental

sanitation sector.

Who is actually responsible for

the poor sanitation in Indonesia?

All of us are responsible for this. The

government of Indonesia, right from the

central government to the provincial, dis-

trict, municipal government, and also the

community as the users are being held

responsible for the poor performance on

sanitation.

How to address it?

One of the solution is by developing

an integrated program supported by suf-

ficient budget allocation by the central,

provincial and district/municipal govern-

ment, and of course the community. On

the implementation, the planning, imple-

mentation and post-construction stages

have to be integrated.

What are the constraints?

Some of the crucial constraints are:

a. Limited capacity of budget, where

sanitation still receives low priority.

b. Weak coordination, particularly in

the district level, where everything

in general is still partial-oriented.

What have your department

done about this?

As the substantial role of the depart-

ment, our department is oriented more

towards the community empowerment

aspects within the development of sanita-

tion. These are being done through facili-

ty activities, trainings of stakeholders in

the district with a hope that they will be

the main stakeholders in their region in

socializing and facilitating sanitation pro-

gram.

How ready is Indonesia in

reaching MDGs targets 2015 for

sanitation sector?

The government of Indonesia has

estimated of 77 percent of the target. It

can only be achieved if the government

put sanitation as the priority and backed

up by sufficient funding - which is now

only 2 percent of the total national budg-

et - to achieve the target. Bowo Leksono

INTERVIEW

Ir Susmono

INTEGRATED PROGRAMTO ADDRESS SANITATION

13PercikMarch 2008

It seems Indonesia's complex sanitation problems will notbe solved in the near future. This sector is not considered aspriority of the development by the decision-maker. Not tomention the difficulties in trying to obtain higher allocation toaddress sanitation issues.

Increasing awareness and commitment for the decision-makers and all other stakeholders is very much needed, besidekeep on hammering all of the stakeholders with the clean andhealthy living behaviour campaign. How is the condition andthe role of stakeholders in addressing sanitation issues inIndonesia? Below is the interview between Percik and Directorof environmental Sanitation Settlement Development, Directorate of Settlement,Department of Public Works, Ir. Susmono.

The decrease of solid waste management performance in

these recent years has been influenced by the restruc-

ture of Indonesian government during reformation era,

regional autonomy, and economic crises that had happened in

all Indonesia. The change of policy focus in urban infrastructure

development, the strengthening of autonomy ego, the decrease

of regional funding, the decrease of community's income level

and awareness have become the trigger of the urban environ-

mental degradation, including the urban solid waste issue.

The degradation of the performance is shown by the

decrease of human resources capacity caused by the personnel

replacement that have never received any training in solid waste

sector; unclear status of solid waste management organization

caused by the maximum and minimum pattern policy change of

every agency; less budget allocation for solid waste manage-

ment, less income retribution; less services; less quality of waste

facilities, which most of them have become open dumping facil-

ities causing the increase of social friction; irresponsible solid

waste processing, which cause deaths, as the land slide case hap-

pened in Leuwigajah and Bantar Gebang solid waste facilities;

the absent of sanction for littering, and so forth.

Until now all process of solid waste processing ends in the

final waste facility, causing more burdens to the waste facility.

Beside the need of a large space, the cost of maintaining and the

environment also becoming more expensive. It all happens

because the initiative to reduce waste from the source itself has

not been done, including the separation of dangerous waste

(toxic waste) at the domestic/household level.

Based on the regulations in Indonesia, government has to

provide a solid waste management system services that follows

the technical, economic, and environmental principles.

The government of Indonesia has also been involved in rati-

fying many international commitments, which have to be ful-

filled by every dignified country. The commitments cover,

among others, Agenda 21 on the decrease of solid waste

processed in the waste facilities (3R/reduce-reuse-recycle),

Dublin principles, Rio Agreement, Kyoto Protocol on the Clean

Development Mechanism.

In order to achieve these goals, and as the follow up of the

Government Regulation No. 16/2005 on the development of

water supply system; therefore, a strong and realistic national

policy and strategy on solid waste management system develop-

ment was formulated and used as the guidance for central and

REGULATION

Ministerial Decree of Public WorksNo. 21/PRT/M/2006 on The National Policyand Strategy of Solid Waste Management

Development (NPS-SWMD)

14 PercikMarch 2008


regional government to improve the solid

waste management system in a sustain-

able and environmental friendly manner.

Objectives

The national policy and strategy is

meant as the guideline in formulating the

technical policy, planning, programming

and other activities related to solid waste

management, whether it is at the depart-

ment level, non-department level, region-

al government, or the community and the

private sector. As for the objective, the

national policy and strategy is aimed to

achieve the solid waste development tar-

gets through planning, programming and

other integrated, effective and efficient

activities.

The policy is used as the guideline for

controlling, holding and developing envi-

ronmental friendly solid waste manage-

ment system at the central and regional

level, according to the local context.

Meanwhile, for the technical arrange-

ment and more detail guideline, the rele-

vant agencies need to develop further.

Vision and Mission

To achieve a healthy and prosperous

society in the coming future, a healthy

environment is needed. From the health

aspect, the word health means a condi-

tion that can only be achieved if waste can

be managed properly from within the

human settlement.

In general, urban an rural area that

receive proper solid waste management

have condition as the following:

a. All the community will have access

to solid waste management services

for the daily activities at the house-

hold level, up to the public level;

b. The community will have clean envi-

ronment settlement since the solid

waste can be properly managed;

c. The community will have the ability

to maintain its health level since

there is no potential solid waste to

turn into contagious diseases, such

as diarrhoea, typhus, dysentery and

so forth; and also other environmen-

tal pollution such as water, air and

soil pollution;

d. The community and private sector

have the chance to participate in

managing the solid waste, therefore,

receive the benefits.

In order to fulfil the vision of Solid

waste management Development, Several

missions have been formulated:

1. Reducing the volume of solid waste

for sustainable solid waste manage-

ment

2. Increase the coverage and quality of

service of the solid waste manage-

ment system

3. Empowers the community and

increase participation of private sec-

tor

4. Improves the management capabili-

ty and institutionalization in the

solid waste management system in

line with the good and corporate

governance principle

5. Mobilizes funding from various

recourses for the solid waste man-

agement system development

6. Enforcing the law and consolidates

the regulation to improve solid

waste management system

New Approach

A new approach has to be understood

and followed by knowing that solid waste

can be reduced, reused, and recycled.

This approach is known as the 3R

(reduce, reuse, recycle). Actually, this

approach is not new, because it has been

applied in developed country and suc-

ceeded in improving the efficiency of

solid waste management significantly.

By reducing solid waste right from its

source, the burden of a city can be

reduced and the budget and facilities can

be utilized more efficiently. The burden

caused by pollution can be reduced and

helps to maintain the environment.

The global targets of the national pol-

icy and strategy of solid waste manage-

ment refer to the measured targets of the

national mid-term development planning

2004-2009 (RPJMN 2004-2009), and

MDGs' targets, as well as other target

measured targets. In addition to that, it

also refers to other normative targets

such as the government regulation No. 16

Year 2005 on the development of system.

More Elaboration

The national policy and strategy of

solid waste management system is still

need to be elaborated into detail action

plan by many stakeholders in solid waste

management sector, so that the vision can

be achieved.

The technical elaboration or interpre-

tation through the preparation of regula-

tions, planning, programming, imple-

mentation and monitoring and develop-

ment management will be conducted at

every level of government, centrally and

locally.

Further, there is the need to have an

agreement between central and local

action plan in implementing the national

policy and strategy of solid waste man-

agement development, as well as its coor-

dination mechanism. The pattern of com-

munity and private sector participation is

still need to be elaborated based on the

needs at the central and local level. BW

REGULATION

15PercikMarch 2008

In under-five category, diarrhoea is the second highest

cause of deaths after acute respiratory system infection

(ARSI). For school children, diarrhoea can be less threat-

ening along the increase of age, but still, it can be reduce learn-

ing and playing time of many children.

Diarrhoea prevalence studies on children are usually con-

ducted indirectly or verbally. The survey is usually conducted

with the adults at home, usually mothers, with questionnaire

such as, "Is there any member of the family that defecate more

than three times a day?" If the respondent's answer is yes then

the question is followed with "who is she/he?".

For school children, the situation is completely different.

They possess different verbal capacity to answer verbal ques-

tions, even the written questions. This capacity can be further

utilized for the diarrhoea prevalence study.

Pictorial self-administered questionnaire

John Hopkins University/Centre for communication pro-

gram Indonesia (JHU/CCP) with funding from Unicef, has

developed KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, Practise) Survey on water,

hygiene and sanitation for elementary school students. The sur-

vey was conducted by using pictorial self-administered ques-

tionnaire that made it efficient in acquiring data of diarrhoea

prevalence, attitude, practice and knowledge. One or several

teacher without high cost interviewer/enumerators could cover

many school children.

The survey is also proven best in avoiding the cultural con-

straints related to diarrhoea. As known, for most of the children,

diarrhoea is considered to be embarrassing. For example, in the

conversation of most Sundanesse children, diarrhoea is also known

as "mencret" or often used as a joke "Kacapirit", which means un-

controllable defecation. Children are embarrassed to joke for that.

The pictorial self-administered questionnaire has been tested by

JHU/CCP in several provinces, which are Nangroe Aceh Darusallam

(NAD), Yogyakarta, and Central Java. 2134 student in 8 districts have

joined the survey unsing pictorial self-administered questionnaire.

The 8 districts are City of Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, Sleman, Gunung

Kidul, Bantul, Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta and Klaten.

The pictorial self-administered questionnaire consists of 28

main questions that can be finished in 15-20 minutes. Around 2

percent of the total questions are question with pictorial answers

that makes it easy for the children to answer. The rest of the

questions are open-ended questions that can be answered in a

concise way, and question with the true or false answer.

Important Findings

From the KAP Survey, it was found that in NAD, the diar-

rhoea prevalence was around 18%. It means that 1/5 of the ele-

mentary students in fourth and fifth grade in both districts had

experienced diarrhoea within the recent week when the survey

was conducted. The percentage of male students was found at 21

percent or 7 percent higher compare to female students, which

only centred around 14 percent.

Meanwhile, in Yogyakarta and Central Java, diarrhoea

prevalence was found lower compare to NAD, only 8.5 percent.

From the value and beliefs side, it was found that there is a same

pattern of data in NAD, Yogyakarta and Central Java. Through

the factor analysis and consistency analysis, using Cronbach

alpha, the framework of thinking of the students related to diar-

rhoea was found. The framework showed several solid indicators

used by the students to assess the cause of diarrhoea.

In the questionnaire, 10 pictures were presented to the stu-

dents to choose which activities are believed to be the cause of

INSIGHT

16 PercikMarch 2008

By Risang Rimbatmaja *

MEASURINGDIARRHOEAWITH PICTURES

diarrhoea. From the analysis, it was found 3 dimensions which

statistically significant:

1. Environmental factors

a. Littering openly

b. Open defecation

2. Hygiene related factors

a. Drinking un-boiled water

b. Eating in a places full of flies

c. Drinking from open sources

3. Non-hygiene factors

a. Eating ice cream

b. Wet of rain

c. Demon/ghost

Further analysis showed that the students, in general, do not

believe the first factor. AS an illustration, in NAD, 70 percent of

the total students comply negatively to the role of environmen-

tal dirtiness (open defecation and littering openly) in causing

diarrhoea. In other words, sanitation factors are not believed as

the cause of diarrhoea.

For the hygiene factor, the position is equal. Half of the stu-

dents believe that drinking un-boiled water, eating in place full

of flies and drinking water from open source can be the cause of

diarrhoea. The other half did not believe it.

For non-hygiene factor, the majority's tendency is found.

Most of the student perceived sceptically things like eating ice

cream, wet cause by rain and ghost as the cause of diarrhoea.

From the practise side, there were several things that can be

grasped through the questionnaire, among others are toilet facil-

ity provide by school and hand washing with soap at critical

time. As an illustration, in Yogyakarta and Central Java, it was

found that 70 percent of the total students in recent semester

had not used the school's toilet to defecate. 22 percent reported

to have used it once. The reason for this is that they have done it

at home (41 percent), school's toilet is dirty and smelly (37 per-

cent), no time/chance (23 percent) and do not want to be the

joke for others (22 percent).

For hand washing with soap, in NAD, it was found that 14

percent of the total students reported to have done it at one crit-

ical time, which is before meal or after defecation. The majority

was found not practising it.

Future Implementation

As has been featured previously, the use of pictorial self-

administered questionnaire in survey can reveal many impor-

tant dimensions in KAP of students related to water, hygiene

and sanitation. For further use, the revision of the questionnaire

is still needed. The experiences in the field shows that (i) sever-

al instruction are still not clear that students have to ask their

teacher for clarification; (ii) the use of pictures still can be

increased more than 20 percent. For further use, questions of

verbal instruction need to be reduced, and additional pictures

that are easy to understand needs to be increased; (iii) the need

to develop more practical and detail questionnaire so that the

school can apply and analyse the data collected; (iv) the need to

test the validity of the questionnaire.

Beside the internal validity, which most of them have been

tested through factor analysis, external validity test is also need-

ed, e.g. by verifying data from the survey with incidence in the

next period after survey. For example, the report of the hand

washing with soap and diarrhoea incidences in the coming

weeks. * Researcher at John Hopkins University/Centre

Communication Program (JHU/CCP)

INSIGHT

17PercikMarch 2008

Used for handwashing at

critical times

Used for nonhand wash-

ing activities

Used for handwashing atnon-critical

time

Diagram: Hand washing survey results inNADN = 914Filter: Students who used soap today andyesterday, self-administered, recordedSource: Question # 11: please remember,for what purpose the soap was used? Sinceyesterday I have used soap for …….

Now please think, which pictures (below) that can be the cause of"mencret" or diarrhoea? Answers can be more than one. Give (x)mark.

Open defecation Drinking un-boiled water

Eating in aplace fullof flies

Eating in aplace full offlies

Drinkingand eatingfrom open

Eating icecream

Rain Ghost litteringopenly

source

It is interesting what has been done by

the WSES (Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation) Working

Group of Rote Ndao District. When all

other districts facilitated by WASPOLA

tend to prioritize piped water supply facili-

ties (whether it is gravitation system, gen-

erator, drilled well, etc), Rote Ndao chose to

be different.

By considering many experiences in the

past, the condition of the environment, all

kind of incidence occurred in other districts

and the social and cultural reality of its

community, WSES working group of Rote

Ndao, NTT, chose to protect its water

sources with physical model and conduct

reforestation around the water source

areas.

Where is Rote Ndao?

Rote Ndao is not as popular as Sabang

and Merauke, even though geographically

it is has important meaning, since this

island is the most south of Indonesia.

Beside the mailand that shares its borders

with the sea, most of Rote Ndao consists of

mountains. Not more than 500 meters

from the shoreline, the road is beginning to

go up and down and up again. Rote Nado is

1280 km2 divided into 8 sub districts.

In overall, Rote Ndao consist of 73 vil-

lages and 7 kelurahan. The total villages in

the coastal area are 48 villages/kelurahan.

Rote Ndao consist of 102 islands, where 7

of the are inhabited (Rote, Nuse, Landu,

Nusa Manuk, Usu I, Usu II) and 95 of non-

inhabited islands. The total population

based on the statistic of 2005 is 106.272

people; the density of the population is at

83 people/km2.

From the human resources aspect, the

reality of Rote Ndao is quite controversial.

In NTT province, Rote Ndao is known as

region that produces human resources that

capable to compete, whether in provincial,

national or international level. However,,

from the statistic data, the quality of human

resources still needs more attention from

the government.

WSES Development in Rote Ndao

The low level of understanding of the

community on the utilization and manage-

ment pattern of WSES facilities, also the

weak support and policy from the govern-

ment have made ineffective WSES develop-

ment. Up to now, the coverage of PDAM is

still limited to Ba'a and its surrounding.

This does not mean for the community

lives in the remote area has never been

touched by piped water system, even, it is

one to many; however, it is also often not

being properly utilized because of broken

or dislike by the community. For example,

the pipe installation from the government

of Belgium; the main pipe is still left on the

INSIGHT

18 PercikMarch 2008

ROTE NDAOPrioritizing Water Sources

ConservationBy : Alma Arief * dan Joseph L. Kale**

Kelfao water source conservation at Olafuliha village,Sub district of Pantai Baru (100%). Source: Alma Arief

side of the street and other assistances are

suffering from the same condition.

TABLE I

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR WATER SUPPLY

SYSTEM FACILITIES IN ROTE NDAO

The topographic Characteristic of Rote

Ndao, which is hilly, is one of the factors

that influence the development of WSES

sector. To fulfil the needs of the communi-

ty with low-income income, which live on

high area, pipe installation with generator

to is needed to pum the water to the com-

munity directly or via reservoir, which then

distributed to the community. This is, of

course, will need a high operational cost (to

buy the fuel and maintenance), while the

community itself is, in general, a low-

income category and even non-permanent.

Beside that, to maintain the generator, it

will need mid-level technical skill. It is not

surprising if many facility built by high cost

often broken, ignored, and not being uti-

lized.

Social cultural factors also seem to be

the constraint for the sustainability of the

facilities. Beside the conflict of water source

utilization and the social gap caused by lim-

ited coverage, which leads to the destruc-

tion of facilities, there are other social cul-

tural aspects that involves in adding the

constraint. The community of Rote Ndao,

also in Java and other places in Indonesia,

uses the water source as a place for social

gathering.

At particular hours, the water source

will be crowded. In this place, the commu-

nity fulfil their social needs: to share infor-

mation, communal level economy transac-

tion, so forth. The fulfilment of social needs

is often receives higher attention compare

to the physical needs fulfilment. The com-

munity is willing to bring water from hun-

dreds of meters just to meet relatives,

friends, listen to stories, even dating.

Actually, there is a wish to build pipe

facilities again, with new approach as rec-

ommended by the national policy, which is

the implementation of demand responsive

approach (DRA) that places community as

the main actor of development and deci-

sion matter. However, the failures from the

past have been shadowing so deeply that

make it hard to move on.

Beside that, to implement the national

policy at the community level, there is the

need to have basic facilitation, which is not

in place until now. There is the need of

training to be able to facilitate the commu-

nity on how to plan, make decision, acquire

technical skills decide the contribution,

organize meetings, and so forth. All these

will need special trainings.

Water Sources as priority in

Strategic Plan

The working group has shown its deter-

mination in implementing the conserva-

tion of water resources. The survey on

water resources has been conducted and

more information is still flowing in,

whether from the government or the leg-

islative member/parliament. From the sur-

vey done by Bappedalda, currently, there

are 110 water sources/springs in Rote Ndao

district, distributed in 8 sub-districts.

From all of the springs, there are 19,

which have been already protected/con-

vserved. They are Futuno, Lalukoen,

Ndapa, Oehendi I, Oehendi II, Kalfao,

Mbokak, Noas, Olonoen, Oekima, Oebau,

Otenggai, Mberoen, Oepiak, Oesambokak.

The construction of the conservation was

funded by APBD II 2006-2007. In the fiscal

year 2008, Bappedalda is planning to build

39 springs conservation in the 8 sub-dis-

tricts.

The conservation is prioritized in the

strategic plan and become the basis of con-

sideration why water source conservation

is being prioritized in line with the tenden-

cy of decreasing water source debit. This is

happening because of the mass illegal log-

ging by the community.

According to the head of Bappedalda

Rote Ndao, Marthen L. Saek, the result of

doing consevation can be truly seen. By

doing the planting of trees and conserving

the water sources with physical model,

water sources debit now is increasing. In

doing the conservation, in 2007, Rote Ndao

had allocated budget Rp. 150 million, and

in 2008 the allocation is Rp. 485 million.

Closing

By building the conservation of water

sources and the greening of the surround-

ing, the debit of water sources is now

increasing. Water that is absorbed in to the

ground is far greater; water run-off is

decreasing causing the decreasing in ero-

sion. The water sources conservation and

its surrounding not only guarantee the ful-

filment of water needs, but also prevent

flood, landslide and drought. From hygiene

aspect, as the research of Bappedalda

shows, the water is safe although it is still

not potable. Beside, the time line of the

construction is quite fast, while the risk of

damage is very low. It is true that there is

still weakness, which is the household-

based facility that is still not thought

about.

* Consultant of WASPOLA

** Staff of Bappedalda of Rote Ndao District

INSIGHT

19PercikMarch 2008

No

01.02.03.04

Source of Fund

Belgium grantCentral government (APBN)Local government (APBD II)WVI

TotalFacility

44119

Yearbuilt

20022004-20072005-20072004-2007

Broken/not functioning

34111

Functioningproperly

1008

Condit ion of Faci l i t ies

That morning, Khariyah (28), only wrapped up in batik

cloth, sat down in the wooden harbour in the back of

houses located in Barito riverbank, city of Banjarmasin,

South Kalimantan. She is doing her daily activities such as defe-

cation, washing clothes, brushing teeth and bathing.

These are the ritual for every single day, morning, and after-

noon, for Kharitah and the whole community living in the river-

bank in Banjarmasin. This poor sight has been going on for quite

a long time.

"Years ago, the river used to be clean. Even for drinking and

cooking purpose we took from this river" Said Kariyah who owns

a small warung (food shop) at her house in Kuin Kelurahan, sub-

district of North Banjarmasin.

In the 1980s, the quality of water in the rivers of south

Kalimantan was decreasing pararel with the degradation of envi-

ronment quality. The water turned to brown and filled with

enceng gondok (a kind of water plant parasite). Some even

turned to black and grey. Since that time, the community of the

riverbank no longer used the water. "Previously, the community

often suffer from diarrhoea. Because of that, the community

then subscribed to PDAM" Khariyah remembers.

Polluted Rivers

It has been a long time since Banjarmasin has the title of

"city of a thousand rivers". When touring in this capital of South

Kalimantan, no far distance is needed to find another long

bridge. It means Banjarmasin is being crossed by big rivers, such

as Barito an Martapura.

The houses that are built by the community are made of

wood and very close to each other. At the back of the houses, fac-

ing the river, there is the place where the community build the

MCK (Mandi Cuci, Kakus/Bath, Wash, Defecate). Every morn-

ing and afternoon, male and females, children and adults, are

lining up to do their daily activities.

Sadly, the community of Banjarmasin cannot maintain the

river environment quality. How to maintain when all of the

activities are being done in the riverbank? It can be assured that

the river is polluted with human excretion, which, in turn, turns

the condition of the river contaminated with e-coli that is very

dangerous for the community's health. All these because of the

community's habit in doing open defecation at the river.

Disappearing Rivers

It seems, the title "city of a thousand rivers" can be soon gone

if the local government and the community cannot maintain the

existing rivers. Day by day, the sustainability of the rivers in

Banjarmasin is threatened.

Based on the data from the Settlement and City

Infrastructure Agency of Banjarmasin, as quoted by the

Banjarmasin Post (24 March 2008), in these past 9 years 57

rivers had gone missing from Banjarmasin. In 1995, there were

117 rivers flowing in Banjarmasin. In 2002, only 70 were still

flowing. Two years later, 2004, it decreased again to 60 rivers.

In average, 6 rivers are missing from the city's surface every

year. If this condition is kept on going, counting the existing

rivers, it is no impossible that in 10 year, all rivers in

Banjarmasin will disappear.

The cause of the missing rivers is the settlement that has

been overtaking parts of the river area. Consequently, the river

is tightening and eventually gone into a new settlement. Beside,

low awareness of the community that keeps on throwing waste

into the river causing the shallowness of the river, which leads to

the missing river because it turns into land. Not only that, the

decreasing of river area has potential risk of causing flood. BW

OVERVIEW

20 PercikMarch 2008

BANJARMASINCity of A Thousand

Rivers, A Thousand MCK

Source: Bowo Leksono.

Often seen that areas, which are inhabited by low-

income community, have poor sanitation. This is what

happens in kelurahan Koto Lalang, sub-district of

Lubuk Kilangan, City of Padang. The low awareness of clean and

hygiene behaviour and also the absent of proper toilets have

made the community do open defecation in the river of irriga-

tion river (banda).

Not only toilet issue, the community also suffer problem of

water availability. So far, the community obtain water by build-

ing well. However, the water from the well is often dirty, brown

in colour. This is because the ground water is already contami-

nated by chemicals particle for the agriculture, and also caused

by improper construction of the well, which do not use ring con-

crete.

Meanwhile, the service coverage of PDAM only covers new

housing settlement area near the current local community's set-

tlement that is now being developed. The local community has

tried to propose to PDAM to have the water connection; howev-

er, it was not possible, since the economic condition of the local

community cannot guarantee that the implemented tariff will be

paid regularly to PDAM.

The issue of water and toilets is beginning to be solved with

the technical assistance of ESP-USAID and supported by local

NGO. The local community finally received their assistance,

both in technical and financial aspects, to construct toilets and

well. What is unique is that the construction of toilets and well is

funded by a rolling funding system.

The assistance is given in form of package, where one pack-

age consists of the construction of toilet and well. The communi-

ty can choose to propose assistance in form of package or in form

of toilet only or well only. In the beginning of the program, only

13 household received assistance, where 8 of them received in

form of package, 3 household received in form of toilet only and

2 household in form of well only.

For the household who propose only for toilet or well, the

assistance that is given is around Rp. 400.000,- to Rp.

600.000,-. Meanwhile, for the household who propose to have

the package assistance, the fund that is given is around Rp.

1.000.000,- to Rp. 1.500.000,-.

The funding assistance is more focused for the purchase of

the material. As for the construction, usually the community will

contribute voluntarily. This is possible considering several

households are still relatives.

The channelling of funding for the revolving toilets and wells

is done by credit once a month for 10 months period for the ben-

eficiary with package assistance, and 6 months for beneficiary

with toilet or well only assistance. Furthermore, the collected

fund will be revolved to other households that need the assis-

tance. However, considering the community's low-income, the

payments sometimes are delayed. Nevertheless, the community

still try to pay. Only the period becomes longer.

The management of the revolving fund is being done by the

local community-based organization. The staffs of the organiza-

tion usually are women. The manager is responsible for building

agreement on the pattern of revolving toilets and wells, receiving

proposals, monitor the purchase of material, and monitor the

construction of each member every month. This way the role of

local community organization is important for the sustainability

of the program.

Up to date, from all funding assistance, which have been

given for 13 households, some of the funding have been chan-

nelled to help 3 households. Meanwhile, there are still 5 house-

holds in the waiting list that have already proposed to obtain the

assistance. DYO

OVERVIEW

REVOLVINGTOILETS ANDWELL

21PercikMarch 2008

One of the septic tank, which is the output of revolving toilets and wellsprogram. Photo: Dyota Condrorini

What it meant by green office on the above title is

emphasized more to the environmental principles

compare to the meaning related to tree planting.

Many offices are built without paying attention to the environ-

mental principles, except for the office of Perum Jasa Tirta I,

which is located in Surabaya Street 2A, Malang, East Java.

Actually, the attention is triggered by the contrast condition

in Malang city. With a quite high elevation, more than +440 dpl

in average, the city with relatively cool environment is always in

alert situation when hard rain comes. It is unavoidable, that the

poor drainage system and decreasing green spaces are always

the one to blame. With a commitment "Starting with one self".

An idea of a method to address the flooding issue has been

developed.

The basic framework of the idea is simple. First, how to prevent

the rainwater in the office area not to spill over to the outside office's

perimeter. If the method is found, implemented and succeeded, the

second step is how to implement or apply it in a larger environment

(scale up). The answer is to build Absorption Well.

According to the drainage system and its capacious, in the

office environment 5 locations for absorption well are made,

where the function is to act as common well or hole in the

ground surface to harvest the rain-water so that the rain water

can be absorbed in to the ground, which in turn, increase the

level of ground water and reduce the surface run-off.

Absorption well is different from the common well, which

function to increase the level of ground water to the surface.

Beside the above functions, the absorption well also functions as

flood control, protecting and improving the ground water and

reducing erosion. By building these 5 absorption well, practical-

ly up to 80 percent of rainwater that fall into the office's area is

absorbed to the ground.

The construction of the absorption well is the same as the

construction of dug well that is complemented with wall, with

well space being kept empty in order to harvest rain water up to

its maximum dimension. The esthetical constraint can be

addressed by covering the well's top using concrete plate and soil

and mud or even with combination of garden.

The dimension of absorption well is the volume of the

absorption, which is calculated based on the Direktorat Jendral

Reboisasi dan Rehabilitasi Lahan's regulation No.

051/KPTS/V/1994 on the guideline for the absorption well con-

struction plan.

Beside the function as water conservation, this system has

many benefits, among others, to reduce sea water intrusion for

coastal urban area, reduce the drainage network dimension up

to the zero level, minimizing the probability of flood on the

downstream, decrease the concentration of water pollution,

maintain the level of ground water, prevent the land subsidence,

sustain the traditional technology as the nation culture, increase

the community's participation in the development, and to

increase the awareness of a sustainable environmental capacity.

In 2008, it is planed that Perum Jasa Tirta I will help to build

several absorption well of several schools in Malang. Beside its

benefit for the environment, it also acts as the education media

for the students.

Yunus Achmadi

Public relation of Central office of Perum Jasa Tirta I

REPORTAGE

GREENOFFICE

22 PercikMarch 2008

Source: Exclusive

Bintaro Jaya housing complex is one of theexclusive /elite housing complex located inJakarta's suburban, in district of Tangerang,Province of Banten, to be precise. Not few

of housing complex management that ignorethe environmental area. Because of that,

very often the existing of housing complex isthe main cause of flooding in the

surrounding area or even the complex itself.What about Bintaro Jaya?

It cannot be deny that the developer of

Bintaro Jaya has done the manage-

ment and sustainment of the envi-

ronment. The Bintaro Jaya Management

has done the monitoring of the environ-

ment consistently and sustainably.

In every new developed land, trees are

planted. Even in areas, which have been

long developed. The developer consis-

tently does the management and main-

taining of the environment. This is to

show the commitment of the manage-

ment to fulfil the ideal ratio between

building coefficient and the green space.

Bintaro Area Management Unit

Environmental manager of Bintaro

Jaya, Ir. L. Devayanti A. Wulaning Tyas,

explained that Bintaro Jaya Housing

Management has already far ahead in

applying the greening program in 2008.

"This Year, through the Bintaro

Management Unit (BMU), environmental

greening have been launched instensively

that the housing complex can be beauti-

ful, healthy, and comfortable, of course

by involving its community" Said Deva,

her nickname.

This BMU, she further explained,

holds activities with environmental

theme and not just a mere competition

between RW, which is the routine activi-

ties for every year.

In time for The Birthday Cele-

bration

To implement the environmental

management unit programs, Deva

explained, the environmental units focus-

es on the greening the whole housing

complex by planting trees in empty land

yet to be developed, also by improving

land that has not become effective along

the main road and clusters, also the

planting of trees of Trembesi, Mahogani

and Sengon types.

Deva said that year 2008 has become

the starting point of the awareness of

Bintaro Jaya management on the sustain-

able environment. "it is also related to the

celebration of Bintaro Jaya 29th birthday

on the 26 of May, and environment day

on 5 of June" she said.

Along this year, there are several

activities related to environment In early

of last December, symbolic tree planting

had been done to support the govern-

ment's program: "Plant 10 millions

trees". For Bintaro's area, dozens of trees

were planted in the CBD kavling in front

of Menteng residence cluster, sector 7.

Deva also explained that there are 5

main agenda with different themes, sucah as

greening competition between clusters or

RT/RW hold in mid-February up to May

2008 with "Keep Your Neighbourhood

Green and Clean" as the theme. For three

months, the community's environment will

be assessed and the prize for that reaches up

to hundreds millions rupiah.

According to Deva, planting trees pro-

gram in every area is the next support of

government programs "Plant 10 millions

Trees". "Up to May 2008, the BMU had

targeted to plant 3000 trees" she

revealed. On the peak of Bintaro Jaya's

birthday celebration, there were 2 main

agenda, plant decoration competition,

which involved participant from the local

community, and healthy walking and

happy bicycling. BW

INSPIRATIONI

GREENINGB I N TA R O

23PercikMarch 2008

Foto: Istimewa)

One feature of a true artist is the

never-ending creativity. Even

in a limited situation, a true

artist will never suffer from short of ideas.

On the contrary, a new art is born.

It is as what Cipto Pratomo, an artist

from Banyumas, Central of Java, has

done in creating arts in form of Kolase

from used material or anorganic waste.

There are used materials such as cans,

plastics, iron, cable, hose parts; which

through Cipto's hands are turned into a

very interesting wall decoration. Kolase is

an art made from glued materials or lay-

ered materials.

"In the beginning I wanted to paint,

but the materials were not available. In

that limited condition, I had the idea of

making painting from used materials.

From then on, I started to look around

the complex for any useful used materi-

als" said the artist who started to his idea

in 1996 to Percik at his home.

Helping to reduce Inorganic Waste

Cipto explained the process of making

the kolase, starting from collected

waste/used materials to the arrangement

on the board into many kind of shapes

according to the idea, such as mask, or

insects. "After the form is beginning to

show, then it can be glued to each other or

nailed and then sparyed with paint" said

the artist who works as art teacher in

SMP 5 (Junior High School) of

Purwokerto.

If seen from a distance, the kolase is

not seemed as waste, and it is beautiful.

Up to now, there are 15 kolase art that

decorate his house's wall. Every time

doing kolase art, Cipto collects waste

from around the house and the neigh-

bourhood first. "After that. It is time to

develop an idea and implement it", said

father of one son.

Practically, not much cost has to be

spent. The art will need only paint, glue,

nail. The rest can be freely obtained.

Because of that, this 52 years old man is

helping to reduce inorganic waste. Of

course if the community is creative in

reusing inorganic waste, more or less it

will help to reduce the waste.

Passing It on to The Student

In several exhibitions, Cipto had the

chance to present his arts. Even though

he did not intent to sell, his first art was

sold for 500 thousand Rupiah. "For this

art, I do not determine the price. It is up

to the buyer to put a price on my art, since

it is merely my hobby and entertain-

ment", said the teacher who is the alumni

of Art Science of IKIP, Yogyakarta.

Up to this date, Cipto's hobby and

entertainment in creating kolase has

reached the stage of knowledge trans-

ferring to his students. Many of Cipto's

activities were done together with his

students of SMP 5 Purwokerto, such as

making mass accecories of Ondel-

Ondel up to 25.000 units, giant wa-

yang character (Gunungan) of 670 me-

ter height of paper kolase, building the

place for wudhu (a place to clean the

body before praying) made from 1038

used can. Most activities can be regis-

tered to the Indonesia Record Museum

(MURI).

There is one Cipto's kolase with high

Javanese philosophy. The kolase, which

made from shoes, cable, and laundry

board, is titled "Sikil Ngo Ndas, Ndas Ngo

Sikil" (foodtas head, head as foot)", which

represent the oppressed society, who has

worked hard but still helpless. BW

REFLECTION

C i p t o P r a t o m oChanging Waste

into Art

24PercikMarch 2008

Cipto Pratomo in front of his art. Source: Bowo Leksono

In mid up to the end of 2005, a

research on domestic and non-

domestic waste management pat-

tern in Bandung was conducted by using

random and proportional questionnaire

distribution. The direct household ques-

tionnaire distribution was divided into 3

(three) economic categories (low-middle-

high income) proportionally for each

kelurahan as the research basis; also ran-

dom questionnaire by phone as the data

comparison.

As for the non-domestic research, the

questionnaire used was the direct ques-

tionnaire with sub-district as the research

basis. The results showed that there was

increasing volume of domestic solid

waste to 3,52 lt/person/day, which based

on the calculation, the domestic solid

waste of Bandung had reached 7.481

m3/day at the source, or 4.987 m3/day

with compactor integrated in the trans-

portation vehicle.

Only 53,54 percent of respondents

admit that 100 percent of the produced

solid waste are being transported to waste

facility. For the solid waste management

at the household level that cause econom-

ic externality (negative), if ranked based

from the highest proportion are waste

combustion up ti 28,84 percent (with

participation rate of 0,63 times/week or

63 times in 100 weeks), open dumping in

empty space/land up to 5,87 percent

(0,14 times/week), and burying waste up

to 4,54 percent (0,04 times/week).

Meanwhile, the positive externality of

solid waste management shows that

38,85 percent of the total respondents

have recycled and done the composting,

both directly and indirectly. The volume

of solid waste produced reaches 2.566,77

m3/day. The composting activity on the

sources of non-domestic waste has

reached up to 1,83 percent of the total

volume per each object.

Furthermore, the proportion of recy-

cled waste reaches 3,94 percent of the

total volume. The result of the research

shows that waste from various non-

domestic waste sources, which have been

analysed, have received transportation

services by the field officer by 4,15

times/week; As for the self-transporta-

tion to temporary waste facility or final

waste facility, only 1,33 times/week.

Meanwhile, the management for the

other type of waste is quite various; the

solid waste management by combustion

shows the highest frequency, up to 0,61

times/week or 61 times in 100 weeks.

Based on the specific site source, tourism

places are registered as the highest place

where combustion of waste has been

done, up to 2,38 times/week or 238

times/100 weeks. As for the open dump-

ing of waste to empty land/space, is up to

0,15 timer /week in average or 15 times

per 700 days or 100 weeks. Dumping

waste to the river is registered up to 0,09

times/week in average.

Based on the primary data of the

research, and supported by the secondary

data, a dynamic model simulation has

been developed (using Powersim Studio

software 2005) to assess the scenario of

solid waste management of Bandung city

as the basis to determine the policy plan-

ning for 20 years (2006-2026).

The optimum scenario has been

developed with maximising the target of

3-R (reuse, recycle, recovery) achieve-

ment and minimizing the negative exter-

nality of solid waste management (disec-

onomy externality), so that the accumula-

tion of waste volume that will be dump to

the landfill will only occurs at 17,76 per-

cent of the total volume of solid waste at

the source for the 20 years period of plan-

ning.

The environmental cost that has to be

spent to recover the environment quality,

which has suffered from the diseconomy

externality on the selected scenario, has

reached up to Rp. 501.966.526.899,-

(35,44 percent of the total cost) for 20

years period of planning.

Summarized from the thesis of I Made WahyuWidyarsana, titled "Re-evaluation (updating) the

Potential of Waste Recycling of Bandung City as TheBasis of The 3-R-based Solid Waste Management" at

Faculty of Environmental Engineering of ITB.

ABSTRACTION

25 PercikMarch 2008

Externality Internalisation inThe Solid Waste Management

in City of Bandung

The environmental cost thathas to be spent to recoverthe environment quality,

which has suffered from thediseconomy externality onthe selected scenario, has

reached up to Rp.501.966.526.899,- (35,44

percent of the total cost) for20 years period of planning.

Despite of her busy activities, this pretty lady agreed tomake time to have an interview on her experiencesregarding the environmental issue. That time, Valerina

Daniel, the name of this tall lady who was the runner-up of PutriIndonesia 2005, was nominated for the second time as thebrand ambassador of Toyota Eco Youth 2008, Toyota's CSR(Corporate Social Responsibility) program in environmentalsector.

Val, nickname of Valerina, has received many titlesafter being nominated as the runner up of PutriIndonesia. Among others are the automatic titles that shereceived as the runner-up, which are Putri Puspa andMiss Environment 2005, also the ambassador of envi-ronment of State Ministry of Environment.

These titles have given the chance for Val in acquir-ing many experiences in the environment sector. Forexample, her experience in the remote area of SiakRiver in Riau. "I saw how almost all of the commu-nity's lives depend on the river. Which means theydefecate in the river, and use the water from theriver for their daily needs" remembers NoneJakarta 1999, whose full name is Valerina NovitaDaniel.

According to Val, the cause of the lack ofaccess to safe water is the low economic capacityof the riverbank community, which in turn forcethem to get whatever is available.

There is no need to go far to Riau. In aroundJakarta, Val remembered walking through the

Angke river until to Jakarta bay with thesame condition. "they wash clothes,

clean fishes, throw waste and takewater from the same source. It

can be imagined how horriblethe impact to their health",

said the presenter of oneof national television.

Val also saw howplastic waste has

crowded Angke ri-verbank that her

motor boat hadtrouble with

the plas-t i c ,

26 O u r G u e s t

causing the journey to stops several time.According to this Miss Indonesia, the

joint solid waste management of Jakartaand other cities is no longer can bedelayed. "Jakarta bay is the meeting pointof 13 rivers in Province of DKI Jakarta,West Java and Banten" said Val.

Sanitation Needs AttentionADB's data of 2005 shows that only

69 percent of the urban population and46 percent of rural population (55,43 per-cent in average) have access to safe andproper sanitation. The rest still does nothave access to sanitation. "The sanitationcondition in Indonesia is quite poor andneed more serious attention from all thestakeholder" said Val who also nominatedas the Ambassador of Mitra Lingkungan.

The development coverage and popu-lation distribution, and the limited devel-opment budget are the factors that influ-ence the sanitation condition inIndonesia.

Once, Val read in the newspaperabout the oil subsidy that reaches up toRp. 107 trillions, or 214 times of currentsanitation budget. According to this pub-lic figure whose name became famousthrough the television show "Spesial PakeTelor", this is caused by the low aware-ness and attention of the decision-makersin improving sanitation sector inIndonesia.

"Moreover, the low education andawareness of the community on the pro-vision and maintaining of proper sanita-tion has caused tremendous delay inachieving the goal of proper sanitationaccess provision", said Val.

S a n i t a t i o n , W h o ' sResponsibility?

According to Val, the one mostresponsible of the availability of access tosanitation is the government, both at thecentral level and the regional level. But allof this will not successful if not supportedby the community.

For that, it is important to implementsanitation development program thatinvolves the community so the demandand ownership of the community will

increase. "Partnership is also need to beconducted more intensively and continu-ous between the government, the privatesector and community" Said the lady whowas born in Jakarta, on the 25th ofNovember 1978.

Val explained further that there aretwo approaches which need to be imple-mented in order to improve sanitationcondition in Indonesia, they are technicaland non-technical approaches. Increa-sing the number of sanitation facilitiescan be done through technical approach,both in rural and urban area.

"In Jakarta, almost 60 percent ofhouseholds owns well with distancefrom the septic tank less than10 meters. Of course thiswill have negative impactfor the users of the wellsince they are vulnerableto e-coli bacteria, which isoften found in faeces",said this tall lady of 167 cmand weight 53 kg.

As for the non-technicalapproach, she furtherexplained, it is related tothe community awarenessthat needs to be improveand their participation insanitation development pro-gram. "However, before expect-ing the awareness of community,the most important thing is tobuild the attention and awarenessof the decision -maker, both theexecutive legislative, and judicative, sothat the cross-sector partnership is built".

Sanitation and MDGs TargetUp to this time, Indonesia keeps on

doing many efforts in achieving theMDGs targets. In 2015, Indonesia isexpected to achieve the target of 65 per-cent of the total population has access toproper basic sanitation.

In 2007, MDGs report revealed thatthe access to sanitation in Indonesia hadreached 68 percent, which meansIndonesia pass over the MDGs target.However, the data is considered to notvalid since many of the sanitation facili-

ties are not properly built and do notmeet the requirement of proper sanita-tion; So quantitatively, the target is ful-filled, but qualitatively, it is still far fromthe target.

According to Val, all of these have tobe returned back to the political will ofthe decision-makers in this country.Whether making sanitation as the mainelement of community's life sustainabilityor not?

If yes, said the doughter of Daniel A.Sani and Nurdini, of course it will have animpact on the maximum achievement ofMDGs target, through the programs,trainings, incentive and the improvement

of community's awareness on the impor-tance of proper sanitation. "Consequ-ently, better behaviour and responsibilityare formed. Even more better if theimpact of poor sanitation will influencethe social and economic aspects", said theambassador of environment who also hastalent on journalistic.

Val encourage everyone to become a"virus" of life style changing to all of thepeople in order to apply the clean andhealthy behaviour at all time. "Lets carefor the proper sanitation for the people"asked the writer of campaign materialtitled Efficient and Effective Steps toMaintain The Earth. BW

27Photo: Bow

o Leksono / Created by RudiKoz

Percik March 2008

With the ending of the second Water and SanitationFor Low-Income Communities (WSLIC-2) program,on the mid-term of 2001-2007, a supervision mis-

sion XI to several program districts has been conducted. Theactivity was conducted during 10-13 of March 2008.

Previously, the supervision mission was intended to twoprovinces, South Sulawesi and East of Java. However, in theend, only four districts of East Java province were visited; dis-trict of Lamongan, Malang, Sumenep and Sampang. The super-vision team consist of central government from different institu-tions, WSLIC-2 facilitators, and Local Government. In order tohave an effective and efficient supervision, the team was splitinto two teams, one for district of Malang and Lamogan, theother team to Sumenep and Sampang. Percik was in the firstteam. Here is the report.

Lamongan DistrictIn several locations of water and sanitation community user

association (HIPPAMS) that were visited, the community wel-come the implementation of this program, and even propose toextend it in 2009. The sustainability of the program is highlydependent to the commitment and the policy of the local govern-ment to have the faith that water supply and environmental san-itation (WSES) is important for the community.

The head of social and cultural Bappeda Lamongan,Bambang Pramono, said that the local government is still com-mitting to the program of community empowerment that isrelated to WSES. "The basis of the commitment of the local gov-ernment will be carried on to the budget committee in order tomaintain the sustainability of the program brought in by WorldBank", He said.

Meanwhile, CPMU WSLIC-2, Imam Syahbandi, said that inthis supervision, it is hoped that many findings can be obtained,especially those findings related to the risky programs in severalarea so that it can be our lessons learned to, later on, improvethe project design. "This is our duty to keep it synergy and easyto control", he revealed.

Water and Sanitation Community User Association (HIP-PAMS)

Village HIPPAMS has established associations of HIPPAMSthat acts as a forum to coordinate, communicate, consult, andfind solution so that the water facility can be maintain profes-

sionally. This association is named HIPPAMS Banyu UripAssociation.

This association was established on the 30th of June 2003and officially turned into cooperation (Koperasi) on the 24th ofFebruari 2005. Now the association already has 119 village HIP-PAMS members, 40 villages; Among other, is the project ofPublic Works Department.

The Chief of Association, as well as the Koperasi Serba Usaha(KSU) HIPPAMS Banyu Urip, Kasdan, explained that so far, theassociation and Koperasi have relied on the own capital support-ed by the members contribution up to Rp. 5 millions for each vil-lage HIPPAMS. "Now, KSU HIPPAMS Banyu Urip is managingasset over Rp. 200 millions, which is used as the soft loan pro-gram", he said.

The association and KSU HIPPAMS Banyu Urip is doing thereplication program to 40 villages in Lamongan District. "Weexpect capital assistance for the Koperasi's sustainability" saidKasdan.

Supervision to HIPPAMS VillagesThe first village visited by the team was Geger village, of Turi

Sub-district. This village owns a quite new drilled well that wasnot yet two years old. Previously, the community used waterfrom the river or lake to fulfil their needs.

Aorung 476 head of households (55 percent of the total headof the households) in Geger village have subscribed to villageHIPPAMS. The rest is accessing water through public hydrantavailable, which the maintenance and operational is conductedby the low-income community for the tariff of Rp. 100/3 litters.

According to the chief of HIPPAMS of Geger village, KhoirulHudah, the income of HIPPAMS has reached Rp. 2 millions per

WSLIC ROUNDABOUT

WSLIC-2SUPERVISIONMISSION XI

28 PercikMarch 2008


month. "Currently we have Rp. 30 millions in our cash whichwill be used for livestock investment for low-income communi-ty" he said.

The head of the Geger village, Bambang S., said that theavailability of water has encourage the behaviour change of thecommunity towards clean and healthy behaviour, especially forthe elementary students in the village. "The women activities viaPKK also came back to life with the support of HIPPAMS", saidhe.

The behaviour change also influence to the defecation habit.Before, many unpleasing behaviour. The community practisedopen defecation nearby the house or the river. Then WSLIC con-tributes 111 revolving toilets. Unfortunately, the success of wateravailability was not followed by the improvement of drainagesystem, which caused water clogging in almost every corner ofthe village.

From Geger village, the supervision moved on to Sidogogemvillage, sub-district of Mulyo. The drilled well of 60 metersdepth was built since 2004 located next to the village office.Several public hydrants also were built at the corner of the vil-lage, maintained by the low-income community with income ofRp. 100 per two bucket of clean water. Before, the communityaccessed the water by making a dam and flow it to the PrigetanDam.

Malang DistrictThe supervision in this district was conducted in two vil-

laged, Putukrejo and Karangsuko. The head of BAPPEDAMalang, Nehruddin, said that the WSLIC-2 program in these 5years is considered to be helpful for the local community. "From390 villages in Malang district, 40 percent of them are experi-encing problems with access to water", he said.

In village Putuk rejo, sub-district of Gondanglegi, the con-struction of water facility had begun since 2004. However, afterthree times of drilling, no results was found, until it finallychanged to another option, which was by getting the water fromthe Sira water source that capable of flowing water for padi filedup to 700 hectare. It was only in 2006 that the community ofPutukrejo enjoyed clean water by building Pump well with thedebit of 7 litter/second.

In order to manage the community's need of water, a man-agement unit of Sira Water Source was established (it calledBPABS: Badan Pengelola Air Bersih dan Sanitasi/Water andsanitation management unit). The establishment of this unit wasthrough the process as follow: (i) community meeting and (ii)decision making meeting followed by the village head decision.BPSABS has been active since January 2007.

The average income per month for BPSABS is Rp. 7 millions.For the incentives of the staffs including the caretaker is Rp. 2,5millions, depreciation Rp. 500.000, contingency Rp. 1 millionand the saldo is Rp. 1 million.

BPSABS of Sira Water Source also able to cover other village,which is Sumber Jaya Village and Ketawang village with connec-

tion fee up to Rp. 1 million for neighbouring village and Rp.500.000 for the original village. Now there are 433 subscribersand on going.

According to the chief of BPSABS Putukrejo, H. Rusdi, forsanitation, Putukrejo village has not achieve much, sicneWSLIC-2 only going on for 14 months. "we still need more timeto improve and rehabilitate the sanitation facilities and thebehaviour change", he said.

Meanwhile, in Karangsuko village, sub-district of Pagelaran,before clean water is available, the community took the waterfrom the irrigation. Only in 2005, WSLIC-2 came in. there are 5water sources, which one of them is the Maron water source thatis being utilized for the debit of 460 litter/second, but only usedfor 4 litter/second. In the end of 2006, the village had the capac-ity to share the water with its neighbouring village, Sukasari andGondanglegi Kulon. Now, there are 739 consumers.

The chief of BPSABS of Karangsuko, Saayyid Muhammadsaid that to encourage the clean and healthy behaviour change,it has been done through the sanitarians and cadres. "So far weare able to build 4 posyandu for the elderly, and are palnning tobuy ambulance car for the village", he said.

For sanitation matter, Sayyid admitted that there are severalpeople that still practice open defecation in the river. "We don'twant to prohibit them without any solution that can be offeredto them. We are planning to build public toilets near the river",he said.

Interesting FindingsIn general, the availability of water for the community has

helped to increase the village's economy. It can be said based onthe growth of the BPSABS ' asset, and even the administrationsystem of Sira Water Source BPSABS, which is supported by thecomputer hardware and its customer payment software. Theweaknesse is that the low attention on the availability ofdrainage system once the community has access to clean water.

Beside that, as also happened in district of Malang andSumenep, there is a competition between BPSABS/HIPPAMSand PDAM. There are community that subscribe to both, orchange subscription from PDAM to BPSABS. This condition isbetter to be avoided because it will lead to over investment inone location. There should be established a regulation to addressthe competition, so at least there is a synergy between both ofthem.

The self-empowered community in managing the facility hasbeen proven, including the strong willingness of the local gov-ernment to replicate WSLIC-2. However, there are, of course,many homework's to do, such as the government should has thedevelopment plan of water supply system as mandated by thenational regulation. This will make it easier in synergizing the effortto provide water supply, whether by piping system or non-pipingsystem by the government, private and community. BW/OM

WSLIC ROUNDABOUT

29PercikMarch 2008

The implementation of theIndonesia Sanitation Sec-tor Development Program

(ISSDP) phase I was started inApril 2006 has ended in March2008. Three core activities ofISSDP are to facilitate the centralgovernment in developing theframework of the sustainable san-itation development, improve-ment of awareness on sanitationand clean and healthy behaviourchange, and capacity building ofmunicipals in the development ofCity Sanitation Strategy.

Beside producing many kindsof products of those activities, inline with the program progress,there are new sanitation issues that needsto be further discussed and further actionplan.

The discussion and action plan will beconducted by the SanitationDevelopment Technical team, which wasformed by the decree of Deputy ofInfrastructure Bappenas No.KEP.01/D.VI/11/2007.

I the decree, the team is consist of fiveworking groups, which are health sectorin relation to the improvement of thequality life of the community, and thetechnical sector related to the construc-tion of water supply and sanitation facili-ty.

As for the institutional sector, it isrelated to the aspects of institution regu-lation in the Sanitation development. Forthe community empowerment sector, it isrelted to the community participationand community cooperation in the sani-tation development. Lastly, is the sectorof funding (financial), which is related tothe aspcets of funding of the sanitationdevelopment, both by internal or externalfunding.

Related to the end of ISSDP phase I,

which has been implemented in 6 cities(Blitar, Solo, Denpasar, Jambi,Banjarmasin and Payakumbuh), the pro-gram will be extended to phase II whichwill be begun by April 2009. In this phaseII, the program will be more focused tothe replication in several other cities sup-ported by a more communicative processbetween central, provincial and munici-pal government.

The concept of ISSDP phase II willbecome one of the main agenda, whichwill be discussed during the workshop onISSDP phase I evaluation in Bogor, 5-6Februari 2008. The workshop is a consol-idation forum for the integrated actionplan of the technical team.

The workshop that is officially openedby the director of Settlement and HousingBaappenas, Budi Hidayat, was expectedto produce the action plan of technicalteam regarding the ISSDP activities, par-ticularly for 2008.

One of the activities in the workshopwas the discussion on the working groupof each sector that produced several rec-ommendations and action plan. Helatsector will implement evaluation strategy

of five sanitation campaigns,also include theEnvironmental Health RiskAssessment (EHRA) in theNational and Regional Mid-Term InvestmentDevelopment Plan.

Technical sector will havea socialization of MinimumService Standard to all re-gions, also develop the Sanita-tion Guide book. Institutionalsector is expected to conductthe preparation of provincesto establish the technical teamof water supply and environ-mental sanitation and sanita-tion technical team, the devel-

opment of national framework, also theimprovement of sanitation regulation,and replication of best practices of ISSDPthrough provinces to other cities.

The Community empowerment sectorwill implement the development of basicfacilitation module and TOT (Training ofTrainers) at the provincial level, thedevelopment of syllabus of CitySanitation Strategy and the determina-tion of capacity building as the mainrequirement of the implementation ofsanitation development.

Meanwhile, the financial sector isplanning to develop channelling fund forsanitation and the utilization of the exis-tence of Working group as the alternativeof funding based on the off-budget sys-tem where each institutions will fight forit sanitation budget through SKPD.

The workshop was officially closed byNugroho Tri Utomo by explaining the fol-low up action plan of the workshop,which is to plan further meeting with thetechnical team to discuss issues that havenot been discussed and the developmentof program to welcome the InternationalSanitation year 2008. ISSDP Team

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

30 PercikMarch 2008

ISSDP Phase I Evaluation WorkshopSanitation Development Technical Team Action Plan Consolidation

Source: ISSDP

Nowadays, there are only a few

cities that have a complete and

integrated sanitation data. If

the data exist, usually only consists sec-

toral data depends on which sector the

data covers. Sometimes, the data provid-

ed collides with other data, resulting con-

fusion when it comes to determining

which data must be used for sanitation

strategy formulation.

Therefore, the early step before build-

ing City Sanitation Strategy (CSS), is for

cities to produce the sanitation white

book. This book is a compilation of sec-

ondary data from all related sectors. The

white book consist city basic data such as:

residents, housing, density, border,

poverty indicators, sanitation-based map,

services, etc. The book should also consist

of the role and institutional responsibility

for executing and implementing agency

of the infrastructure services including

the existing project initiatives. The data

found in the white book is a basic data

which describe service level, needs, and

priority that must be taken for future san-

itation development.

In the next step, the white book also

consist the Environmental Health Risk

Assessment (EHRA). This assessment

result is a primary data which is taken

directly from the society through a survey

by the society itself. This data later on will

be used in developing action plan and

sanitation development priority on cer-

tain city areas.

Sanitation Workgroup

It's not an easy job to compile all the

spread data and do a city sanitation

assessment which involves many sectors.

To develop the white book and further

understanding in developing City

Sanitation Strategy needs cooperation

and mutual commitment. This step can

be done if there's coordination between

sanitation stakeholders and support from

policy makers.

Formally form a workgroup is a way

to accommodate that effort. Bappeda can

be a forming initiator, also coordinates

the workgroup activities. Elements of

health, public work, environmental, edu-

cation, etc are included in this work-

group.

The whereabouts of sanitation work-

group must be fully support by the Head

of the District and District

Representative. Why? Because authority

delegation is needed by the working

group to run its activites. Furthermore

the workgroup task is more than just

forming a new group. Sanitation work-

group is a locomotive to sanitation devel-

opment. Therefore, institutional and

individual capacity building is a must.

An effective performance by sanita-

tion workgroup will guarantees a good

output. The white book is a one of the

early indicators to the sanitation work-

group success. Mujiyanto

ISSDP ROUNDABOUT

31PercikMarch 2008

White Book, a ComprehensiveImage of Sanitation

The white bookalso consist

the EnvironmentalHealth RiskAssessment

(EHRA)

Source: ISSDP

It has been four years since 2004,

WASPOLA had given technical assis-

tance to 49 districts/cities doing adop-

tion and implementation of Community-

Based Water and Environmental Sanitation

National Policy, resulting many progress

achieved. From the total districts/cities, 44

have already had their own strategic plans

for Water Supply and Environmental

Sanitation (WSES) development. Almost

half of them now are doing follow ups to that

plans.

Not all of the assisted districts/cities has

done follow ups to their strategic plan, many

others has yet to adopt the WSES National

Policy, while the WASPOLA 2 will end in the

end of the year.

In response to this condition, WASPOLA

and WSES National Workgroup held

Consolidation of Community Based Water

and Environmental Sanitation National

Policy in Districts Workshop on 2nd - 6th of

March 2008 in Bali. WASPOLA, WSES

National Workgroup, provincial and district

government did evaluation, coordination,

and consolidation of the result of policy

implementation.

At least there are three results expected

from this workshop which are finding out

what needs to be done, agenda agreement

between central and district governments,

and agreement on central and district follow

up mechanism after WASPOLA ended.

A talk show has been held during the

workshop. The talk show presents three

head districts, Gusmal, Solok head district,

Siti Qomariyah, Pekalongan head district,

and Iwan Bokings, Boalemo head district.

From this talk show experience from the

districts leaded by names mentioned before

is shared. How they adopt and implement

WSES policy and what innovation they did

to overcome obstacles. The presences of the

three head districts hopefully can bring

inspiration for other district in responding to

multiple issues in AMPL development.

In this talk show, also present some rep-

resentatives from the central government to

give a general view towards the policy imple-

mentation in districts. They are Budi

Hidayat, Director of Settlement and

Housing Bappenas, Wan Alkadri, Director of

Environemental Sanitation Health

Department, dan Soesmono, Director of

Environmental Sanitation of Settlement

Department of Public Works.

From the experience of the three

sources, it turns out that reserved fund in

APBD (District Income and Spending

Budget) can be used as an accessible fund

source for WSES sectors, like what's been

done in Pekalongan. Boalemo has been

able to capture funding opportunity from

external sources such as CARE

International. Meanwhile in Solok can be

seen a form of decentralization of respon-

sibility throughout the community. These

things become inspirations for other dis-

tricts to break their limitations.

In the end of the workshop, several things

has been agreed, such as (i) the increase of cor-

poration between National WSES Workgroup

and District WSES Workgroup by making

Province WSES Workgroup as a frontline for

coordination, facilitation, and counsel from the

National WSES Workgroup to the District

WSES Workgroup; (ii) establishing focal

points in each district workgroup as the medi-

ator between workgroups; (iii) the increase of

public campaign and participating in Hari

Air Dunia (World's Water Day) 2008. FN

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

32 PercikMarch 2008

Consolidation of Community Based Waterand Environmental Sanitation National

Policy Results in Districts Workshop

Source: Dormaringan.

Strategic Planning for WSES

Development Workshop in

Central Java Province is an initia-

tive from WSES Workgroup to follow up

the result of policy implementation facili-

tation. This workshop is held in 25th -

26th of March 2008 in Salatiga, spon-

sored by Central Java UNICEF.

UNICEF support in this strategic

planning is expected to be an entry point

for UNICEF in developing environmental

sanitation program in Central Java,

which until today only been conducted in

Klaten District. This workshop attended

by 30 participants from Province

Workgroups, all WSES related depart-

ment, and representatives from

Kebumen, Grobogan, and Pekalongan as

sources.

Over 26 Million People Haven't

Receive Proper WSES Services

According to WSES development

progress report by Kimtaru Agency, there

are still 25 million people in Central Java

who haven't received proper access to

water supply. This condition requires

Central Java WSES Workgroup to act and

initiative through WSES Strategic Plan

Development Preparation, which is later,

will become reference in developing

Governments Task Force Unit/Satuan

Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD)

Workplan.

Rp 1,7 Trillion Investment Needed

for Water Supply and Sanitation

According to Kimpraswil agency, to

accommodate water supply and sanita-

tion thoroughly in cities and villages, Rp

1,7 Trillion is needed.

There are Still Perception that

Investment in Water Supply and

Sanitation as A Cost.

This way of thinking is the main cause

why water supply and sanitation haven't

considered as a priority in development.

Kimtaru agency stated that investment in

WSES services will reduce the risk of

health disease which eventually will

reduce medication cost.

In the other hand, an adequate WSES

services because lack of investments will

increase health disease risk, and eventu-

ally will create new costs. Ironically,

according to several participants, hospital

institutions are being targeted as one of

the district income.

Sectoral Ego

Workshop participants felt that all

this time, sectoral ego practices are still

conducted in WSES development. Many

departments are included, but each with

its own policy and this creates a chain link

with its department's policy. All sectoral

ego must be banished. Then all the partic-

ipants yelled: "Go Sinergy!"

WORKSHOP FOCUS

Three Strategic Issues in WSES

Development

This workshop intensively discusses

several issues or problems brought up by

Settlement Spatial Planning, Health,

Bapedal, and Natural Resources

Institution in WSES development man-

agement. More than 50 problems were

listed which categorized to 3 basic prob-

lems which will be explained as strategic

issues in Province WSES Strategic Plan

Document. These three issues are: low

commitment from the policy makers

towards WSES, the degrading quality of

environment (as water resource), and low

society awareness towards clean and

healthy behavior.

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

33PercikMarch 2008

Consolidation of Community Based Water andEnvironmental Sanitation National Policy

Results in Districts Workshop

Foto: Sekretariat KHPPIA Jateng

WSES Data

Specifically, WSES Data topic is dis-

cussed in group discussion. Data is an

entry point towards WSES strategic plan-

ning. Data problem is a rather complicat-

ed problem which is also happened in

national level.

This workshop has formulated gener-

al data which will become base of strate-

gic planning without reducing specific

data according to agency job description

and finalization will be done in steps

because the upcoming strategic plan is a

dynamic an always up to date document.

District Expectations

Three districts which appointed as

resources stated their views, inputs, and

expectations toward province strategic

plan based on what issues faced by them.

Those hopes and inputs are:

1. The policy to encourage

districts/cities leaders to put WSES

as one of the priority in develop-

ment.

2. The policy about partnerships with

various internal institutions to

increase WSES services in districts.

3. The policy about capacity building

for district WSES Workgroup

human resources, which oriented on

environmental continuity.

4. Encourage and support district's

efforts in Community Based

Sanitation program.

This expectations and inputs need to be

completed by asking inputs from other dis-

tricts that haven't participate in this work-

shop, especially regarding relevant issues

faced by district governments nowadays.

Follow Up Plan Agreement

From this workshop has been agreed

so that follow up workshops will be done

as much as 3 times until the preparation

for strategic planning document has fin-

ished. The first follow up will be done in

April with information collecting, strate-

gic issues analysis, policy analysis, and

strategic program as main issues. The

expected output is 1st draft of strategic

plan document. The next follow ups will

be adjusted by the agreement on upcom-

ing workshop in April. Subari, Bambang

and Huseiyn.

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

34 PercikMarch 2008

Source: Sekretariat KHPPIA Jateng

Source: Sekretariat KHPPIA Jateng

National Policy of CB-WSES (Community Based-Water

Supply and Environmental Sanitation) Facilitation in

Districts is a learning process for central and district

government (stakeholders) in the water and environmental san-

itation paradigm. The policy facilitation journeys from 2003

until 2007, giving a lot of valuable experience for central and

district government.

Development Continuity, Policy Essence

Policy has given a new pathway in understanding the new

WSES development paradigm, especially awareness of the

importance of continuity development and the process of put-

ting the society as main actors in development. Policy is aimed

specifically to produce continuity and effective use, which prin-

cipally existed through 11 general principles of policy.

This process is based on the logical frame that a (national)

policy will be implemented by districts if that the policy is under-

stood and received as a reference and then implemented into

program through government body and related institution func-

tion in districts. In WASPOLA's facilitation context, the facilita-

tion sequences are based on a continuity of milestones, as

described:

Policy Promotion/Marketing

Policy promotion is the most important part in policy imple-

mentation facilitation services. Promotion is developed before,

during, and after policy facilitation. In district selection, policy

existence is promoted through dissemination workshop in

national level attended by potential districts, policy dissemina-

tion workshop in district and policy road show to district leaders

to collect supports to policy implementation in districts and po-

licy dissemination to public through media.

The result are satisfying and until now there are already 62

districts that received policy implementation facilitation servi-

ces, policy adoption to related projects, and donor's interest to

adopt national policy as WSES implemented project platform.

Field Assistance

Field assistance is implemented based on request. This

action is in line with one of the demand responsive approach

principles. Dynamically, assistance implementation has evolve

from district based assistance in 2003-2004 to province based

assistance in 2005 and since 2007 intensive assistance has

turned into non intensive assistance based on the agreed agenda

except for two new province which is South East Sulawesi and

Nusa Tenggara Timur.

The change in approach shows district independency growth

especially province in managing policy implementation activi-

ties. This also indicates facilitation skills transformation from

consultant to district WSES workgroup. The result from the

evolved assistance process is district's initiative to do follow up

policy implementation from consultant based implementation

to district based implementation and consultant is positioned as

information sources. In other words, whether there is consultant

or not, policy implementation activity is still on the move espe-

cially in West Sumatera, Banten, Central Java, and Gorontalo,

while the other provinces still need special encouragements.

Capacity Building

Capacity building through series of workshops and trainings

is thematically designed by balancing strategic values towards

policy implementation continuity. Generally capacity building

activity consist three domains which are knowledge develop-

ment, behavior change, and skills development.

From a series of thematic workshops/trainings, strategic

planning training is an activity that answers directly to district

strategic planning needs, basic facilitation training directly

WASPOLA ROUNDABOUT

35PercikMarch 2008

FLASHBACKResult of National Policy of CB-WSES (Community Based-Water Supply and

Environmental Sanitation) Facilitation in Districts

Milestones

Policy isunderstood and

accepted

Districts interestfor technical assis-tance

Politic supportfrom district lead-ers

"WSES workgrouppreparation"Allocation andoperational forpolicy implementa-tion

"WSES workgroupcapability in policyimplementation"District strategicplan is formulated,

"Adoption of principalpolicy into WSESdevelopment"Strategic plan imple-mentation move andpolicy principal

Monitoring and evalua-tion (monev)

" Field technical assistance" Capacity building through series of workshops andthematic trainings

Policy disseminationPromotion and policymarketing

Intervensi

Districts preparepolicy implemen-tation stakehold-

Districts formulatea continuous WSES

development

Districts imple-ment strategy into

operational

answers to implementation skills needs,

and CLTS training encourage district ini-

tiative in community based sanitation

development program.

TIME FOR DISTRICTS TO ACTSeeing The End of WASPOLA-2

As an activity, or we could say project,

WASPOLA-2 will end officially in June

2008 and it's time for district govern-

ment to take over the activities to do fol-

low ups of the results of policy implemen-

tation policy.

Facilitation Skills Advance Training

This training is meant to answer

issues and limited capacity and human

resources problem in the district. The

training is held in Yogyakarta, 19th - 23rd

of December 2007 is attended by

Provincial WSES Workgroup members.

This activity held great benefits for the

participants. The participants get to

prove their increase of facilitation skills in

Implementation Workshop which is facil-

itated by all the participants that have

received this training.

Finalization and District Strategic

Plan Follow Up

District strategic plan is one of the

instruments of policy implementation

continuity. All the 46 districts/cities that

were facilitated by WASPOLA-2 have

done their strategic plans, except for

Dompu, Bima, and East Sumba is which

already in the finalization process. Some

of the districts has shown initiative in

doing follow ups to WSES strategic plan,

and policy adoption varies depends on

their characteristics.

Problems and obstacles in imple-

menting WSES strategic plan is also faced

by some districts because of these factors:

change of leaders, workgroup member

transfer so that there is a vacancy for

WSES champion, and limited funding in

district's APBD.

Policy Implementation Result Con-

solidation

Policy implementation result consoli-

dation workshop is held in Bali, 2nd-6th

March 2008. The workshop discuss vari-

ous aspects in policy implementation

continuity efforts in districts such as

newest progress mapping, strategic

issues, handling priority, post project

national agenda, coordination mecha-

nism and post project communication.

This workshop presents three head dis-

tricts from Solok, Pekalongan, and

Boalemo to express their view and experi-

ence in implementing and doing follow

up for the policy implementation facilita-

tion.

Besides head districts, this workshop

also presents practitioners from NGOs

and projects to share their experience in

developing Community Based-WSES and

specific experience from districts and

province in doing follow ups for the poli-

cy implementation facilitation.

Districts Responses Post Workshop

Direct responses from each districts

has been shown in the World Water Day

and International Year of Sanitation

planning, and each workgroup has done

follow up coordination with its head dis-

tricts. Other example is shown by Central

Java district by holding Strategic Plan

Preparation Workshop through coopera-

tion with UNICEF.

Short Term Plan

In order of program continuity espe-

cially through province's role, the next

important agenda before the project is

over is holding workshops in each

province in order to prepare Mid Term

Policy Implementation Work Plan which

is expected to be referred in further devel-

opment activities.

REFLECTIONWhat have we produced?

Series of intervention and activities

throughout the WASPOLA project has

gained important result notes and lesson

learned as reflective material. Those

materials are promotion and policy com-

munication, field assistance, capacity

building, and district WSES strategic

plan.

Where are we?

Until the end of WASPOLA project,

WSES working group has spread the CB-

WSES development concept and para-

digm in broad scale through the existing

media. Currently WASPOLA and WSES

Workgroup has become resource center

for WSES related materials and has built

partnership throughout 62 districts/cities

including the 2007's technical assistance.

SBR/SI/DHS

SEPUTAR WASPOLA

36 PercikMarch 2008

Source: WASPOLA

An important workshop titled "Workshop on Community-Based Solid Waste Management" is held in Jakarta, 16th-17th January 2008. This workshop is held by Water

Supply and Environment Sanitation (WSES) Network throughGugus Tugas Pengelolaan Sampah (Solid Waste ManagementTask Force) supported by Japan Bank for InternationalCooperation (JBIC) and Mercy Corps.

Until now, there is no city/district which is able to fully man-age solid waste while increasing rate of sewage volume reached4 percent each year. Not to mention the low awareness from thecommunity, while the stakeholders who are concern with thismatter still doing their each separated efforts. This conditionemphasizes the importance of this workshop.

Bappenas's Deputy of Infrastructure Dedy Supriadi Priatnain his welcoming speech, represented by Director of Settlementand Housing Budi Hidayat, stated that this workshop is a formof national and international commitment towards continuoussolid waste management through awareness building and syner-gized efforts from the stakeholders.

Interactive DialogueIn interactive dialogue session, attended four main speaker

which is Director of Settlement Environmental SanitationDirectorate General of Human Settlement Susmono,Department Assistant of Domestic Sewage Control, USKMinistry of Environment Tri Bangun Laksono, Legislative mem-ber Tjatur Sapto Edi, and Head of Sanitation Agency SurabayaTri Rismaharini, moderated by Lula Kamal.

Lula Kamal starts the dialogue with questioning the fate ofamendment plan on waste management which hasn't been legal-ized for three years now. Tjatur Sapto Edi stated that the amend-ment plan has already received by the legislative's task commit-tee. "By God's grace, the amendment can be legalized in March2008" said Tjatur.

Tri Bagus Laksono stated that what have done here all thistime is no more above hobbies and cleanliness competition invillages, but there is never a solid and thorough solution. "Weneed a locomotive in entering solid waste management era,which is amendment." Said Tri Bagus.

While Susmono discuss further, not only about solid wastemanagement, but also about waste. "Altough the waste manage-ment amendment hasn't been legalized yet, we can implement itwith the existing law/rules because basically it has the same con-cept, which is changing the paradigm from collect-transport-dump to collect-transport-manage." He said.

Meanwhile Tri Rismaharini shares the Surabaya's success in

doing community based solid waste management. "The acceler-ation of the success is because we always work together with CityGovernment, NGOs, mass media, business people, and the soci-ety."

The second day of the workshop is entirely filled with paneland group discussion. And still presents decision makers and thepractitioners of community based solid waste management.

Tri Bangun Laksono (Sony) which is known for his vocalwords is brought back in discussion along side with Endang, theHead Section of Sewage and Drainage Directorate EnvironmentSettlement Sanitation Development Directorate General ofHuman Settlement.

The key to waste management problems, according to Sony,the first thing to be fixed is the government performance, not thesociety. But it doesn't mean that the society cannot participate insolid waste management. "City and district management cannotjust help, but do the waste management because it is related topublic services." He said.

While Endang describes the reason why we cannot reducethe number of scavengers. Not only in Java, even in Papua, solidwaste has a tremendous magnet effect to scavengers. "It means,there are still economical values in solid waste. But, quotingPercik magazine theme, waste is still considered as 'waste'" shesaid.

Workshop on Community-Based Solid Waste Managementis ended with group discussion that is led by a team fromWASPOLA and officially closed by kasubdit Persampahan danDrainase Bappenas Oswar Mungkasa. Bowo Leksono

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

Workshop onCommunity-BasedSolid Waste

37PercikMarch 2008


During the last 30 years,

Indonesian government only

provided 7,7 trillion rupiahs for

sanitation sector. That means only 200

rupiahs per year for each Indonesian citi-

zen. Meanwhile the minimum need to

access proper sanitation is 47 thousand

rupiahs per year. That fact is writ-

ten in the book "Urban Sanitation:

Portrait, Hope, and Chance" which

is published by Bappenas, WSP-

EAP, and World Bank. Imagine,

how can the development in

Indonesian sanitation reach the

2015 MDG goal?

A media discussion is held to

begin the 2008 Year of Sanitation.

The discussion which is held by

ESP-USAID in Tuesday, 22th

January 2008 in Jakarta presents

Former MDG Ambassador for Asia

Pacific Erna Witoelar, Director of

Settlement and Housing Budi

Hidayat, Directorate General of

Human Settlement Department of

Public Work Budi Yuwono, and 7th

Commission Legislative member

Tjatur Sapto Edi as resources.

Everyone admitted that sanitation is

an important issue, it even has become

one of the MDG achievements, but it has-

n't become a major issue that affects

politic issue in this country. No wonder if

allocated budget for sanitation is very

small compared to other sectors.

Tjatur Sapto Edi stated that a devel-

opment sector usually has political

strength depends on budget strength, or

has a great encouraging force. "Sanitation

doesn't give major encouragement for the

government, from way back until now."

He said

The truth is, sanitation and environ-

ment problem is a political problem,

because political problem is all about

negotiations, now government must con-

stantly negotiate to legislative members

for this matter.

According to Erna Witoelar, achieve-

ment in sanitation must be achieved

together. We must find a way to synergize

the budget -which only covers a part of

Indonesia- between government, private

sector, and donor institution. "A good

sanitation management is a responsibility

for the district government." She said.

Government, she continues, must be a

facilitator for the community in manag-

ing sanitation. "The more advance a

country is, it will not consider feces and

urine as waste, but as a resource that

needs to be managed."

While Budi Hidayat explains how

badly is the sanitation management in

Indonesia. Currently there are 6 million

tons of feces and 6 million cubic of urine

each year, 70% have been able to be man-

aged and well compounded. "Then where

the 30% or 1,8 million tons per year of the

remaining goes?" he asked.

Furthermore, econom-

ically, Indonesia is suffering a

deficit of 6 million US$ per year

from sanitation sector. "But the

priority is not on the budget, the

most important thing is so that

community can live in a healthy

way." Budi said.

According to Budi Yuwono,

the sanitation development in

Indonesia, although is not be seen

by sight, hasn't perform a proper

sanitation management. "It is a

technical challenge for our sanita-

tion which is by far, left behind

from other countries." He said

He explains that Department

of Public Works, in this case,

Directorate General of Human

Settlement has policies in sanitation sec-

tor, one of them is to increase in waste

management in environment, territory,

and community scale. "But the obstacle

me met are limited budget, the low con-

cern in district governments, and weak

institutional power." He said

All of those obstacles, according to

Tjatur, need to set sanitation as a nation-

al policy priority. "It will need a major

change of awareness in the central and

district government especially and socie-

ty in general. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

38 PercikMarch 2008

Media DiscussionWelcoming the 2008 Year of Sanitation

Media Discussion Welcoming the 2008 Year of Sanitation, held byESP/USAID in Tuesday, 22nd of January 2008 in Jakarta.


In order to celebrate the 16th Hari

Air Dunia-HAD (World Water

Day), which falls one 22nd of

March 2008, Department of Public

Works in cooperation with PT

Napindo Media Ashatama held

World Water Exhibition and Seminar

2008 in Jakarta International Expo

(JIEXPO), Kemayoran, Jakarta.

The theme of this year's

HAD is a sanitation in line with the

appointing of 2008 as the Year of

Sanitation. This appointment is

meant to remind the importance of

water and sanitation for human life

to the nations and people around the

world.

Minister of Public Works Djoko

Kirmanto, represented by Secretary

General Department of Public Works

Agus Widjanarko, stated that this theme

reminded us to the danger of water con-

tamination as the human life source.

"However, sanitation cannot be separated

with water." He said on Tuesday

5th of February 2008, in the

Department of Public Work's office

building.

Furthermore, Agus

said, according to 2005 starting

data, water supply for urban areas

has reached 41% while for rural

areas only 8%. "According to

Rencana Kerja Jangka Menengah

(Mid Term Work Plan), we must be

able to provide water supply until

66% for urban areas till the end of

2009." He said.

In this exhibition's

series, also held seminar and business

forum that discuss obstacles and oppor-

tunities in water management presenting

experts and practitioner in water man-

agement. BW

Since first created in 8th October

2007, WSES or Watsan

Networking Indonesia, as a com-

munication bowl for WSES sector stake-

holders, is constantly try to strengthen its

networking.

Member meeting with the agenda

WSES Network Budget and Ethic Code

formulation is held on Thursday, 14th

February 2008, in Department of Health

Auditorium Building, Jakarta. In this

opportunity is also done explanation and

discussion for WSES Network programs

including Waste Management Task Force

and Sanitation Task Force.

Director of Settlement and Housing

Budi Hidayat in his welcoming speech

said that WSES sector still needs atten-

tion and commitment form the central

government and stakeholders. "WSES

sector is still considered small and unno-

ticed. In the other hand, the implementa-

tion is not integrated, while in communi-

ty the awareness of clean and healthy

lifestyle is still low." He said.

This WSES Network activity is held

thanks to the cooperation of

Environmental Services Program (ESP)

with Plan Indonesia. Municipal Water

Services Advisor ESP Foort Bustran said

that WSES Network is needed to increase

the synergy of the programs to make bet-

ter results. "WSES Network is also need-

ed to cover issue and communication

strategy for people who need it." He said.

These WSES Network members have

reached 43 institutions from various sec-

tors, which are government institution,

private institution, NGO, school, mass

media, and individuals. On this opportu-

nity, WSES Network Budget and Ethic

Code by the 9 Directing Committees are

also signed. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

39PercikMarch 2008

Launching of World Water Day 2008Exhibition and Seminar

WSES Network Member Meeting

The Founders of WSES Network at membermeeting, with budget and ethic code formula-

tion, Thursday, 14th February 2008, inDepartment of Health Auditorium, Jakarta.


Launching of World Water Day Exhibition and Seminar 2008,held by Department of Public Works in cooperation with PT

Napindo Media Ashatama. Source: Bowo Leksono.

Hands reaching for help for anyone who is able, but no

one else are left to help because all the earth citizens

are buried under millions of plastic waste. That is the

message written in the installation art created by a student from

Art & Design Faculty, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB),

which participates in Anti Plastic Bag Campaign, 5th-6th

February 2008, in ITB campus.

It's estimated over 500 million to 1 billion plastic bag is con-

sumed each year throughout the world. That means almost 1

million plastic per minute. Besides that, plastic needs 500 years

to fully decompose.

According to British Antarctic Survey, plastic bags have

changed from being rare in the early 80's to almost everywhere

now. Plastic waste that is thrown recklessly clogged sewerage

and water gate not only threatens the environment but also

threatens urban residents. As proof, big flood in Bangladesh-

1998 and in India-2002 were happened because the river was

clogged with plastic waste.

In order to support Anti Plastic Bag Campaign, the

Himpunan Mahasiswa Teknik Lingkungan (Environmental

Technique Student Association) held a series of event to gather

and educate the society about the danger of excessive use plastic

bags, starting from young generation with the support govern-

ment and non government organizations so hopefully later will

create an awareness trend to care more about environment in

Indonesia.

According to head committee Cinta Azwiendasari, Anti

Plastic Bag Campaign is one of the action forms of student's con-

cern in order to keep environmental long life. "This campaign

brings the plastic bag reduction theme as focus because it is con-

sidered a form of a simple and applicative clean technology in

the society." She said.

Before doing campaign to public, this anti plastic bag move-

ment is first campaigned to college students. As much as 1000

environmental poems from elementary students in Bandung

also are exhibited. Although still young they have realized that

our environment is becoming more and more polluted.

This show not only presents entertainment from local bands,

this event icon, Dewi "Dee" Lestari also participates. Visitors can

also share their concern by signing a petition wall as a form of

support towards Anti Plastic Bag Campaign and wrote their

hopes on an earth shaped installation with a hole filled with

plastic in the center.

On the 9th Februari 2008, Ganesha road is transformed into

Plastic Phobia Road. As replacement for plastic bags, HTML

produces fabric bags with I'm Your Shopping Bag written on it.

The bag is sold for Rp 20.000 each. Several NGOs like USAID,

WWF, Pelangi Foundation Indonesia, Walhi, Dana Mitra

Lingkungan, Greenpeace, ITB U-Green unit, and Greeners

Magazine also open stands in this show.

"This show is a form of student concern in their effort to

maintain environment," said Cinta. The target of this campaign

is to create a trend in youngster to bring their own bags when

shopping replacing plastic bags so they can reduce plastic waste.

"The target of this campaign is indeed youngsters, aging from 15

to 25." BW

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

ANTI PLASTIC BAGCAMPAIGN IN ITB

40 PercikMarch 2008

An art installation created by a student from Art & Design Faculty, BandungInstitute of Technology (ITB), which participates in Anti Plastic Bag

Campaign, 5th-6th February 2008, in ITB campus. Source: Bowo Leksono.

As much as 1000 environmental poems from elementary students inBandung also are exhibited. Source: Bowo Leksono.

To get inputs from various

sources that are related to

WSES sector especially

concerning urban slums in eastern

Indonesia, Bappenas and UNICEF

held .

In his welcoming speech repre-

senting Director of Settlement and

Housing Bappenas, Oswar

Mungkasa said that this workshop

is a first step in solving eastern

Indonesia urban slum WSES prob-

lems. A representative from the

Netherland Embassy also shares the

welcoming speech.

UNICEF WES Specialist Afroza

Ahmed in her presentation said that east-

ern Indonesian urban slum WSES prob-

lems is related to unhealthy life style, lack

of drainage facility, the use of contami-

nated water for daily purposes, skin dis-

ease and malnutrition, and other issues.

Sources from various institutes

like BORDA, GTZ, Care

International ESP/USAID, Mercy

Corps and ISSDP, is present in this

workshop. Beside lesson learned

presentation from them, focus group

discussion is also held.

This workshop has concluded

that in implementation, this project

is too short and too ambitious to plot

three years for two steps of the proj-

ect. Besides that, cooperation from

other institute is needed, especially

in community capacity building, clean

and healthy behavior change by pro-

moting clean and healthy sanitation,

increase access to water supply, waste

management, and KAP baseline. DH

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

41PercikMarch 2008

Water and Environmental Sanitation UrbanProject Design Workshop

Padang sanitation strategic

planning presentation is

held on 4th of March

2008 in Padang's Bappeda office.

The event was started with the

welcoming speech of the 2nd

Assistant City of Padang

Government Indra Cater. In his

speech he said that this strategic

plan hopefully doesn't consist of

conventional steps because in

handling sanitation problems,

conventional steps are not a

proper solution. "Padang City

must think tactically, strategical-

ly, and innovatively in handling

sanitation problems." He said.

After the strategic plan pres-

entation, the event was continued by the

opening ceremony of public toilets that is

located in Purus beach area by Padang's

mayor Fauzi Bahar. This public toilet is

built with the support of ESP, BORDA,

and BEST to surrounding Purus commu-

nity, who has high rates in reckless defe-

cation.

In his speech, Mayor stated

that Padang will allocate funds

to replicate that public toilet

along Purus beach. This event is

also attended by Co-Head of

Padang Legislatives Panji Alam.

Panji stated that the existence of

public toilets is not only useful

for surrounding communities,

but also support tourism in

Purus beach.

The management of this

public toilet will be handled by

community group named

Kelompok Sanitasi Masyarakat

(Community Sanitation Group)

Ombak Purus. The opening of

this public toilet reflects a starting point

for Padang's commitment in fixing sani-

tation sector. DYO

Strategic Plan and Public Toilet Opening Ceremony

Water and Environmental Sanitation Urban Project DesignWorkshop on 22nd February in Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono.

Source: Exclusive

Mass media is considered to be the

spear-end of information and

knowledge transformation of the

society. More often than not, important

information concerning the majority living

standard is not widely conversant; as such,

the effort to overcome the sanitation prob-

lems in Indonesia.

Therefore, the Government of In-

donesia, in cooperation with Water and

Sanitation Program-East Asia and the

Pacific (WSP-EAP) held a Media Work-

shop. The workshop that was attended by

various national and local media was held

at Sanur, Bali on 25-28 February 2008.

The workshop inquiring active role of

the media persons had carried the program

of Total Sanitation and Sanitation

Marketing (Sanitasi Total dan Pemasaran

Sanitasi - StoPS) in developing the com-

munity-based total sanitation approach in

all level of kabupaten in the East Java

Province.

During the opening ceremony, WSP-

EAP Regional Team Leader, Almud Weitz

presented the sanitation condition of

Indonesia that has influenced the eco-

nomic potential. "Bad sanitation has

affected the economic potential loss of 60

trillion rupiah for Indonesia, and respon-

sible for the spreading of diarrhea, which

in turn, is responsible for the death of

approximately 100.000 children every

year," he said.

In the same occasion, representative of

the Government of Indonesia, Bappenas

Head of Solid Waste and Drainage

Division, Oswar Mungkasa, acknowledged

the need to cooperate more with the mass

media regarding the application of sanita-

tion programs in Indonesia. "It is acknowl-

edged that the role of mass media is crucial

in the wide-spread information of

Government programs to the public. With

regard to the sanitation development of the

public, Government cannot work alone.

The work of every party is essential, includ-

ing the work of media," he said.

The Role of Media in Developing the

WSES (Water Supply Environmental

Sanitation) Sector

The freedom of the press has made it

convenient for the public to access and

choose various kind of information they

required. Various mass media (printed and

electronic) has thrived in the land of

Indonesia, with various concepts and seg-

ments. Nevertheless, some has collapsed.

As such is the case of electronic media,

especially television. Numbers of national

television stations are competing in drawing

beholders using the applied rating system.

In fact, in the last three years, local tel-

evision stations have thrived in various

kota, even all the way to the kabupaten.

These are proofs of press freedom that has

provided wide opportunities to the public

in obtaining the required information.

News Release Priority

Every mass media has its own character

and policy of news release. For ge-

neral/public mass media, politic and eco-

nomic sectors have deeper portion of the

news. Whereas for mass media with special

segmentation, the news are provided

accordingly with the requirement of the

readers, beholders, or listeners.

Where is the news value regarding the

WSES stands? WSES sector news release

that was acknowledged to be lacking does

not seem to be the priority, which is not the

case for politic and economic sectors.

WSES sector is usually placed in the health

or environmental sections.

In many cases, WSES sector news

release will be the main news when large

impacts are present. Especially those rela-

ted with casualties, such as diarrhoea

plague, flood, drought, etc.

In terms of mass media business, it is

obvious that WSES sector is not the kind of

sector that will drastically boost the rating

or circulation which in turn will attract

advertisers. Special policy from the media

companies is required to be truly consistent

and providing room for WSES issues in

order for the public to be able to conve-

niently and quickly acquire information

regarding WSES .

Inter-Media Communication Forum

Involvedness of the media persons in

almost every events and activities regard-

ing the WSES sector is not yet maximized.

In several occasions, there were not too

many media persons showed. The saying

that WSES issues are not as attractive as

other issues in the country might be true.

In the workshop, both national and

local media persons have gathered and

tried to form a communication forum

which will hopefully be able to provide the

need for data and information to be latter

used as the news release material in every

media. BW

WSES ROUNDABOUTS

42 PercikMarch 2008

Media Workshopon Sanitation Handling

Photograph of journalists from various nationaland local media taking a break by performing

games. Source: Bowo Leksono.

Thus far, sanitation is merely con-sidered to be part of infrastruc-ture; whereas sanitation is also

part of national social and cultural sector.This was caused by the lack of vision fromthe leaders of this nation.

The statement was given by nationallegislative assembly member Tjatur SaptoAdi during the panel discussion of "Waterand Sanitation of Indonesia", 14 March2008, in Jakarta. The event was initiatedby Unicef together with DirectorateGeneral Cipta Karya of Public WorkDepartment (Dirjen Cipta KaryaDepartemen PU) and Kompas media.

The panel discussion in order to wel-come 2008 International Sanitation Yearrepresents various speakers. Other thanIr. Tjatur Sapto Adi, Directorate Generalof Cipta Karya Budi Yuwono, DirectorateGeneral of Disease Control and Environ-mental sanitation of Health Department(Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit danPenyehatan Lingkungan) I Nyoman Kan-dun, ex MDGs Embassador for Asia PacificErna Witoelar, Researcher at Johns Hop-kins University Risang Rimbatmaja, andRachmadi Purwana from University ofIndonesia were also present.

On the occasion, Erna Witoelar pre-sented MDG target achievement of thesanitation sector in Indonesia which wasnot in proportion with the exceedingnumbers of the people. According to her,30.7% of the total community is withoutproper access to sanitation. "Whichmeans around 72.5 million people has tolive with bad sanitation; holistic and inte-grated approach is necessary in the sani-tation development."

According to Budi Yuwono, the lack ofawareness among us with regard to thesanitation perspective is like a "time-bomb". "Pollution process caused by

sanitation is a long-term process, that weare unaware of it".

I Nyoman Kandun added the MDGtarget of 69% in the year 2015 requiringaccess for 3.7 million people every year."This requires the budget of 600 milliondollar per year, whereas the currentinvestment is only 27 million dollar peryear."

Nyoman presented a new operationalstrategy of Community-Based Total Sa-nitation (Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masya-rakat - STBM). The strategy, he conti-nued, was based on past-experiencelearning and consensus from variousinter-sectoral stakeholders.

"The STBM strategy will support localgovernments who currently have thedecentralisation task and responsibilityof planning, implementing, monitoringand evaluating to accelerate the sanita-tion improvement," Nyoman stated. Thisyear, Decree of the Health Ministerregarding the STBM is expected to beissued.

In term of access improvement to theproper sanitation facilities on rural andurban household proportion, steadyimprovement is present from 30.9% (year1992) to 69.3% (year 2006). Whereas thetentative target of the year 2015 is 65.5%.Thus, the target in reducing proportion ofthe community without access to thebasic sanitation facilities by half for theyear 2015 has been exceeded in the year2006.

According to Erna, it is unjust that theMDG goal of the year 2015 is improvingaccess to the clean water and sanitationby half. "What will happen with the otherhalf? It should be fully accessible toeveryone," she explained.

Tjatur Edi underlined that sanitationis not a priority in this country, thus it isvery difficult to fight for the budget.Budget allocation increment for sanita-tion, Tjatur explained, is not simplyincreasing fund for things without eco-nomical added value. "Good sanitationwill draw economic benefit." BW

WSES ROUNDABOUT

43PercikMarch 2008

Panel Discussion of Waterand Sanitation of Indonesia

"Water and Sanitation of Indonesia" panel discussion, 14 March 2008, in Jakarta.The event was initiated by Unicef together with Directorate General Cipta Karya of Public Work

Departement and Kompas media. Source: Bowo Leksono.

It is common awareness that the sanitation condition may

affect the quality of the river. As location of the TSSM project,

approximately 34% of the community of East Java Province

are still disposing biological waste in inappropriate places, including

the river, whereas the river itself is still the main water supply for the

community. This is causing river pollution; increasing water treat-

ment cost, which in turn, increasing the PDAM tariff and the cost of

community health improvement. Therefore, it is considered to be

necessary to held a meeting between stakeholders in order to share

experiences.

The meeting was held in the form of a Seminar on Overcoming

River Pollution Through the Total Sanitation and Sanitation

Marketing (TSSM) on 17-19 March 2008 in Surabaya. The seminar

was held by cooperation between the Health Department and the

World Bank WSP.

On this occasion, several speakers were present; from the

National level, Bappenas Director of Forestry and Water Resources

Conservation, Bappenas Director of Housing and Settlement

Agency; whereas from the local level, Health Agency of Kabupaten

Sambas, and Health Department of Jambi Province, who was pre-

senting the learning gained from the implementation program of

Community-Based Total Sanitation (STBM).

Moreover, East Java Province Health Department presenting

the learning gained from TSSM program, while learning gained

from overcoming biological waste disposal was presented by Jasa

Tirta Public Company (Perum Jasa Tirta) of East Java Province

together with Sub Agency of River Area Management of East Java

Province.

No less interesting was the interactive discussion with the

community of one of the villages of Kabupaten Nganjuk, who

have succeeded to be in Open Defecation Free (ODF) phase

which means no more inappropriate biological waste disposal.

The outcome of the seminar is the action plan of TSSM applica-

tion on the river area. OM

F inally, three best movies are selected

in the event of Documenter Movie

Competition with the theme of "People

and Water" which was initiated by Clean

Water Quality Management Communi-

cation Forum of Indonesia (Forum Ko-

munikasi Pengelolaan Kualitas Air

Minum Indonesia - FORKAMI). The first

winner is a movie with the title of

"Sweaty Back on Cracked Soil (Conversa-

tion with Mbok Giyem)" directed by M.

Toha Nuhson Hajji from Surakarta, the

second winner is Bowo Leksono from

Purbalingga with his movie called "The

Water Master", while "Badai (Berharap

Air di Atas Air - Longing for Water Abo-

ve Water) by Ony Kresnawan from North

Sumatera is the third winner.

Winner awarding was held in the Cul-

tural Centre of French (CCF) Jakarta on

Saturday evening, 29 March 2008. Two

days previous, the 11 movie finalists from

42 contestants were presented, along

with non-competition movies of water

issues. Water-theme exhibition was also

presented.

The General Director of FORKAMI

Abdullah Muthalib explained that the

competition is a form of FORKAMI con-

cern as water observer organisation in In-

donesia especially in the form of clean

water quality management, in the effort

of improving awareness of the importan-

ce of water as the source of daily living of

the community. "The winning movies will

be campaign materials for FORKAMI in

the program of improving awareness of

the importance of water conservation."

This competition was supported by

Water and Sanitation Network (Water),

Thames PAM Jaya (TPJ), Environmental

Service Program - United States Agency

for International Development (ESP-

USAID), and PAM Lyonnaise Jaya

(Palyja). Bowo Leksono

WSES ROUNDABOUT

44 PercikMarch 2008

Seminar on Overcoming River PollutionThrough the TSSM Program

Competition of FORKAMI Documenter Movie

The Winners of FORKAMI Documenter Movie Competition during the awarding night, Saturday 29 March2008, at the Cultural Center of France (CCF) Salemba. Source: Exclusive.

Zero Waste, that was the title of

scientific paper by students of

Semen Gresik High School

(SMA) in East Java which has given them

the first prize of the third Toyota Eco

Youth in the Year 2008. The crowning of

the prestigious national event for high

school students in the environmental sec-

tor was held on Saturday, 29 March

2008, at Taman Menteng, Central

Jakarta.

SMA Semen Gresik has won the first

prize and entitled for a trophy and 75 mil-

lion Rupiah. The second prize was won by

SMAN 8 Pekanbaru with the total prize of

45 million Rupiah, the third winner was

SMKN 2 Palembang with the total prize

of 20 million Rupiah, whereas the best

exhibition stand was won by SMK 6

Jayapura with the total prize of 5 million

Rupiah.

Toyota Eco Youth Program is a con-

test of improving environmental quality

for high school students (SMA or SMK).

Through this program, contestants will

receive basic knowledge regarding the

environmental issue and are expected to

perform a project to improve the environ-

mental quality within the school area and

the vicinity.

President Director of PT Toyota Astra

Motor Johnny Darmawan explained that

the prize will not be given entirely in the

form of cash money, but will also given in

the form of equipments and facilities that

will support the school activities, espe-

cially in the environmental sector. "The

prize will be fully entitled by the school to

be used to improve infrastructures and

facilities in order to improve quality and

creativity of education."

For this contest, TEY established a

theme of "Waste Problems in My School".

Other than the crowning, the yearly event

also presented exhibition stands from the

selected 30 schools from the total of 300

schools in Indonesia. The exhibition pre-

sents various creative merchandises

made by the students, mostly from waste

products around them.

On the occasion, also present the

Deputy of Communication and Com-

munity Empowerment of the Envi-

ronmental Ministry, Sudaryono. He is

hoping that the program will be able to be

continued in the coming years and

received supports from various parties as

for the community to better appreciate

their environment. "With strong commit-

ment to environment issues, students will

also capable to educate community to

improve awareness on the environment."

Every year, TEY presents public figure

as the brand. This year, 1999 Miss

Indonesia runner-up, Valerina Daniel,

who is also the Environment Ambassador

present as the TEY Brand Ambassador

together with increasingly famous actress

and singer, Bunga Citra Lestari.

Involving High Schools of Indo-

nesia

The first TEY was held on November

2005 - June 2006 with contestants from

10 SMA and SMK in Jakarta and the su-

rrounding area (DKI Jakarta, West Java,

and Banten) with the theme of "Waste

Management". The second TEY was held

on November 2006 - March 2007 with

contestants from 15 SMA and SMK of

Java and Bali with the theme of

PROGRAM

45PercikMarch 2008

Toyota Eco YouthGrowing Concern among

the Youth Generation

the winners of TEY with the sponsor and actress Bunga Citra Lestari. Source: Bowo Leksono.

"Reforestation and Energy Saving".

Whereas the third TEY was held on

September 2007 - March 2008 with the

total contestants of 300 SMA and SMK

from all over Indonesia.

This year, 300 schools came from 13

provinces which were recommended by

the Education Department. They had to

go through a selection process of scienti-

fic paper on September last year which 30

schools were then selected as the finalists

and entitle to compete in running waste

management projects within the school

area. Every contestant was provided with

7.5 million Rupiah to produce the scien-

tific paper.

The finalists are entitled to follow the

following phases; workshop, project

selection, project verification, project

accomplishment, and judging. On the

judging phase, every project will be judge

with the focus not only on the quality of

the project, but also on the ability of the

contestants in socialising and gathering

support from every school component,

including the surrounding community.

What is Toyota Eco Youth?

Toyota Eco Youth (TEY) is the latest

effort of Toyota in Indonesia to provide

contribution, even in the smallest form,

in the effort of saving the environment.

The purpose of this program is to grow

and improve awareness among the young

generation and community in general.

TEY vision is to transform Indonesian

youths to be green generation with great

concern to the environmental issues;

whereas the mission is to inspire the com-

munity, that even the smallest effort from

us to the environment may bring great

impacts when the effort is completed

together.

The target of TEY contestant is stu-

dent (young generation) because youths

still have flexible way of thinking in

accepting new and better habits.

Moreover, they will be leaders of the

nation, in politic, social, or economy sec-

tor, that in turn will decide the future

direction of the nation.

Every year, TEY program has the big

theme of "Waste Management". The theme

was chosen because waste is very close to

daily activities and waste tends to be

ignored without special attention. While

the most important point of judging that

will determine the best contestant is how

far the contestant manage to involve as

much school elements and the surrounding

community in implementing their project

of environmental improvement.

TEY is a continuous program from

Toyota Indonesia through PT Toyota

Motor Manufacturing Indonesia

(TMMIN) and PT Toyota Astra Motor

(TAM). In the implementation, TMMIN

and TAM are cooperating with Yayasan

Kirai Indonesia, an environmental NGO,

and fully supported by Toyota dealer net-

works of Indonesia.

For Toyota, TEY represents a global

program because it was held in a number

of countries in the world. The program is

focusing on improving awareness and

concern of youths in improving quality of

life. In Indonesia, the TEY program is a

pioneer in inter-school competitions in

term of environment issues on the

national level. Bowo Leksono

PROGRAM

46 PercikMarch 2008

Toyota Eco Youth (TEY)is the latest effort

of Toyota in Indonesiato provide contribution,

even in the smallestform, in the effort

of saving theenvironment

A student and a teacher from SMKN 6 Jayapura in front of the exhibition stand during the 3rd TEY,Saturday, 29 March 2008, at Taman Menteng, Central Jakarta. Source: Bowo Leksono.

DRINKING WATERQuestion:

Due to the area that has not been served by PDAM and the

bad quality of the ground water, I am currently trying to develop

a Rain Water Catcher (Penangkap Air Hujan - PAH) for the

source of drinking water. Can rain water be drink directly,

because I heard that rain water is pure enough to be drink

directly?

(Lukman, Cileungsi)

Answer:

Rain water in the urban area is relatively not clean or pure.

This was caused by the high level of air pollution in the urban

area which will influence the rain water quality. Moreover,

Cileungsi is the industrial area near Jakarta.

The main cause is the air pollution coming from the fixed

source (such as industrial chimney) and mobile source (such as

motor vehicle). Air pollutant in the form of particulate or gas

(especially Cox, NOx, and SOx), will be dissolved in the rain

water and pollute the water.

Dissolved particulate will cause the water to be muddy (con-

sisting turbidity and possibly containing heavy metal), while dis-

solved gas decrease pH until <5.3 (corrosive). According to the

standard of drinking water, rain water is not suitable to be use as

the source of drinking water. It is even hazardous for the health

if it is drink directly.

If you are going to use the rain water, it is advised to perform

additional treatment. You can use active sand filter which is cur-

rently available in the market to improve quality of the rain

water. The active sand filter should be equipped with neutralist

powder (to neutralise the pH), which commonly are lime com-

pound (Ca(OH)2).

After the pH is neutralised into 7.0, the rain water should be

filtered by the sand filter that is capable to catch the dissolved

particulate. The sand should be activated by using the KMnO4

solution, so it can oxidise the organic compound that was dis-

solved in the rain water.

It is highly recommended to also add chlorine (Ca(ClO)2 as

disinfectant of the pathogen micro-organism in the water. After

the process, the treated water can be kept in the reservoir to be

consumed.

PLASTIC WASTEQuestion:

What are the classifications of plastic waste to be separated

in order to have high value when it is sold to the plastic recycling

industries?

(Wawan, Jakarta)

Answer:

Plastic waste is commonly classified to be:

Poly Ethylene Terephtalate (PETE), for example is carbon-

ated drinking bottle.

High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), for example is milk

bottle.

Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), for example is plastic pipe.

Low Density Poly Ethylene (LDPE), for example is babies

tampon.

Poly Propylene (PP), for example plastic bottle cap.

Poly Styrene (PS), for example is food container Styrofoam.

Mixed plastic, for example is ketchup or sauce wrapper.

* The writer is a doctorate program student in the Division ofEnvironmental Science and Engineering,

National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.Contact: [email protected]

IATPI CLINIC

47 PercikMarch 2008

Questions can be send through the editorial staff of Percik MagazineContributor: Sandhi Eko Bramono ([email protected]), Lina Damayanti ([email protected])

Percik Magazine in cooperation with the Association of Environmental Engineering Experts of Indonesia (Ikatan Ahli Teknik Penyehatan Lingkungan Indonesia), has opened theClinic column. The column contains questions and answers regarding the clean/drinking water and environmental improvement.


People say that in this millenniumera, everything is very sophistica-ted and influencing various lines

of life. Everything is completed withmachine power thus producing a morepracticable and efficient outcome.

However, there are plenty of people inthis part of the world who are still practic-ing inappropriate biological waste dispos-al; including the people of Indonesia.This is not a matter of old-fashioned as itis of habits. Thus, great changes arerequired.

Currently, in Indonesia, the effort ofchanging the habits of disposing biologi-cal waste on the river into proper dispos-al on the toilet is adopted from India,with the concept approach of CommunityLed Total Sanitation (CLTS). In the year2005, Indonesia is starting to apply theCLTS concept which latter adopted to beCommunity-Based Total Sanitation(STBM).

The program was initiated by try outs

in six kabupatens of Indonesia. Amongothers is Kabupaten Muara Enim, SouthSumatera. The exact location was severalvillages of Lembak District (Kecamatan).It only required four weeks until drasticchanges occurred on the community,making Kecamatan Lembak free fromimproper disposal of biological waste.

The success in Kabupaten MuaraEnim is also be used as learning examplewhich latter packed into one videorecording of 24 minutes. In one year, se-veral villages of Kecamatan Lembak ma-naged to build 4,338 units of toilets inde-pendently. With the approximate cost forone toilet is 300 thousand Rupiah, thenthe community efforts has cost themapproximately 1.3 billion Rupiah.

However, the physical numbers of toi-lets built was not the measurement ofsuccess; it was the habit changes fromdisposing biological waste on the riverinto the proper disposal using the familytoilet. This shows big changes that werenot present in the various projects.

Video of STBM Learning is a productof WSES (Clean Water and Environ-mental Sanitation) Pokja (Task Force)together with Directorate General CiptaKarya of Public Work Department. VCDis available at WSES Pokja library of Jl.Cianjur 4 Menteng Central Jakarta. BW

CD INFO

Video of STBM (Community-Based Total Sanitation) Learning

The video is a recording of a work-shop with the title of "CommunityBased Solid Waste Management"

that was held in Jakarta, 16-17 January2008. The workshop represents one ofthe efforts to fulfil national and interna-tional commitment of sustainable solidwaste management through improvingawareness and synergy effort from theparties involved.

The DVD was produced by the Se-cretariat of Water Supply and Environ-mental Sanitation (WSES) Pokja. Theworkshop was held by the AMPL networkthrough the Solid Waste Task Force(Gugus Tugas Pengelolaan Sampah -GTPS) supported by Japan Bank forInternational Cooperation (JBIC) andMercy Corps.

On the first day, the session of inter-

active dialog represented four key notespeakers, namely Director of SettlementEnvironmental Sanitation of DirectorateGeneral Cipta Karya of Public Work

Department (Direktur PenyehatanLingkungan Permukiman Ditjen CiptaKarya Departmen PU) Susmono, Assis-tant to the Deputy of Domestic WastePollution (Asdep Urusan PengendalianPencemaran Limbah Domestik) andEnvironmental Ministry USK Tri BangunLaksono, National Legislative memberTjatur Sapto Edi, and the Head of theCleansing Department of Surabaya TriRismaharini with moderator Lula Kamal.

The second day was fully filled withpanel and group discussions. Still pre-sented by policy makers and communitybased solid waste managers; Central,Provincial, and Local Government, pri-vate sector, universities, up to NGOs. TheDVD is available at WSES WorkingGroup’s Library, on Jl. Cianjur 4,Menteng, Central Jakarta. BW

Video of Community-Based Solid Waste Management Workshop

48 PercikMarch 2008

Sanitation improvement of urban slum areas is constant-

ly facing many challenges. Not just the difficult physical

condition, but also the social-economic condition of the

community.

It is necessary to be really careful in planning the sanitation

for those areas due to the specific issues to be considered. A

more creative and accommodative approach needs to be com-

bined with the scientific side of the improvement effort.

The book contains seven tips regarding various issues to be

considered by planners of sanitation improvement of an urban

slum area. Tips and information in this book are put together

based on the facts found on Sanitation Study of Low Income

Community in the Urban Area; National General Portrait. Some

facts reveal the truth that change the old myth or general stereo-

type regarding the sanitation problems in the slum area.

The 33 pages book consists of chapters with the titles of:

Regarding the Content, Do Not Fooled by the Numbers,

Unfamiliar Thus Unconcern, They Want Better, My Home is not

My Palace, Not Everything Can Be Chose, Bitter Talking Since

the Start, and Willing to Pay As Long As Convenient. It is also

completed with appendixes regarding the Study of the 8 Cities.

ICA

BOOK INFO

49 PercikMarch 2008

Sanitation in the Slum AreaTITLE

TIPS OF SANITATION WORKS IN SLUMAREAS: EXCERPTION OF THE STUDYRESULT OF LOW INCOME COMMUNITY

SANITATION IN THE URBAN AREAPUBLISHER:

BAPPENAS-DOMESTIC AFFAIR DEPARTMENT-HEALTH

DEPARTMENT-PUBLIC WORK DEPARTMENT-INDUSTRIAL

DEPARTMENT-ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISION-WSP-EAP,JAKARTA, 2007

THICKNESS: 33 HALAMAN

Issues of clean water and environmental improvement are

never far from life. Various efforts have been done by var-

ious parties; however time did not solve the problems, only

creating new problems triggered by the rapidly increasing num-

ber of community, along with its social-economic issues.

Therefore, a media that can quickly and sustainably monitor the

issues surrounding the clean water and environmental improve-

ment (AMPL) sector is necessary.

In order to maintain updates of such rapidly growing issues

of clean water and environmental improvement, the internet

media is considered to be the appropriate and reliable media in

acquiring various information and/or references with regard to

the AMPL sector because internet can store plenty of data and

information, with wide range of users and interactive capability.

Nevertheless, the large numbers of websites regarding the

AMPL sector sometimes make it inconvenience for the user to be

explored one by one, due to the limited time or other activities of

the day.

The website catalogue is expected to be one of the solutions

in providing the internet user with information regarding which

website contains WSES information accordingly to each need,

whether the information came from Indonesia or from abroad.

The 188 pages book contains list of websites containing

information regarding the water supply and environmental

sanitation (WSES) completed with brief description of contain

of the addressed website.

The book that was published by the WSES working group is

divided into two parts; Part I is Available Topics and Part II is

Website Calatogue. Part I consists of four Chapters, namely A.

Gender, Water, and Sanitation, B. Privatisation, C. 3Rs Solid

Waste Management, and D. Community Development. While

Part II consists of A. Government Agencies, B. Donors Institutes,

C. Non Government Organisation, D. UN, E. Companies, and F.

Education Institutes. ICA

WSES Website CatalogueTITLE

WSES WEBSITE CATALOGUE

WRITER:OSWAR MUNGKASA AND ASTRI HANDAYANI

PUBLISHER:WSES WORKING GROUP

JAKARTA 2007THICKNESS:188 PAGES

The InternationalBenchmarking Network for

Water and Sanitation Utilitieshttp://ib-net.org

T he International Benchmarking

Network for Water and Sanitation

Utilities (IBNET) is a website that pro-

vides database regarding water and sani-

tation utilities.

IBNET support and promote best

practices of water and sanitation services

by providing information of indicators,

definition and method of data collecting,

facilitating national and regional stan-

dard development, developing relation

between facilities provider association

and policy makers.

This is important, because properly

operated water facilities are very impor-

tant to sustain the life of lots of people.

Only the most efficient and financially

viable facilities that can provide respond

to the city growth, assisting the weak and

improving waste water disposal practice.

The purpose of IBNET is to support

access and compare information in pro-

moting best practice among water and

sanitation providers all over the world

and to provide access for the consumer in

getting good quality and affordable water

and sanitation facilities.

Sustainable Sanitation Alliancehttp://www.sustainable-sanitation-

alliance.org/

S ustainable Sanitation Alliance

(SuSanA) is motivated by the UN

decree in promoting the year 2008 as the

International Sanitation Year, where in

the year 2007, numbers of active organi-

sations in the sanitation sectors have

decided to establish a sustainable sanita-

tion network to support the International

Sanitation Year.

The urgency in accomplishing actions

of sanitation sector is obvious consider-

ing 2.6 billion people in the world without

access to the proper sanitation, and 2.2

million death per year (mostly children

under 5 years) that were generally caused

by bad-sanitation-related disease and

poor living condition.

WSES Networkhttp://jejaring.ampl.or.id

T he first meeting of AMPL Network,

27 February 2007 at Bappenas

resulted in a decree to establish

Communication Network between stake-

holders of the sector, followed by more

intensive meetings on July and August

2007 which eventually resulted on strate-

gic directive and concept for the future of

WSES Network. The concept provides the

reason/background of the Network mem-

ber's decree and become a mandate to be

latter completed by a directive team.

As the follow up and application of the

network, a communication and informa-

tion media in the form of site is necessary.

The site provides information regarding

the WSES Network, history, vision and

mission, goals, role, principles, founda-

tion, membership, and work program of

the network.

Moreover, the site also provides infor-

mation regarding the founder team com-

pleted with their contact numbers. The

result of various network activities can

also be accessed. Not less interestingly,

the site also provides opportunity for

everyone to join the mailing list of the

network.

WSES Network or Watsan Networking-

INA is a place to synergised potencies of

information, knowledge and communica-

tion between stakeholders in cooperation

with mutual benefit for all parties.

Solid Waste ManagementTask Force

http://gtps.ampl.or.id

S olid Waste Management Task Force

(SWM-TF) is a place to synergise

potencies of information, knowledge and

communication between WSES network

members in the sector of solid waste in

cooperation with mutual benefit for all

parties.

To support the synergy, a site media

accessible for anyone in term of solid

waste management and environmental

improvement is necessary. If you require

more information, you can sign up as the

member of the site.

The site has interested display with

adequate content. News, articles, clip-

ping, organisation list related with envi-

ronmental sanitation, and GTPS are

available. Available also on the site good

practices with regard to the solid waste

management and environmental impro-

vement in general. DH/BW

WEBSITE INFO

50 PercikMarch 2008

R E P O R T s

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIALACTIVITIES REPORT 2007Publisher: Japan Bank forInternational Cooperation (JBIC),2007

POOR HOUSEHOLD, ENVIRON-MENTAL SERVICE AND OUTCOME:SURVEY ON THE COMMUNITY OFKELURAHAN PENJARING, NORTHJAKARTAPublisher: HP3

L A WENVIRONMENTAL MINISTRYDECREE NO 50 YEAR 1996

REGARDING THE STANDARD OFODOUR

ENVIRONMENTAL MINISTRY DECREENO 09 YEAR 2007 REGARDING THESTANDARD OF WASTE WATER FOR

INDUSTRIES AND/OR INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE AREA

ENVIRONMENTAL MINISTRY LAW NO 10 YEAR 2007 REGARDINGTHE STANDARD OF WASTE WATER FOR INDUSTRIES AND/ORINDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID ANDPOLY ETHYLENE TEREPHTALATE

B O O K

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SANITATIONIN SOUTEAST ASIA SUMMARYPublisher: WSP, World Bank EastAsia & The Pacific Region,November 2007

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SANITATIONIN THE PHILIPPINES SUMMARYPublisher: WSP, World Bank EastAsia & The Pacific Region,January 2008

CONTRIBUTION OF SOLID WASTEON GLOBAL WARMINGPublisher: Ministry Deputy ofEnvironmental Pollution Control,Environmental Ministry, Jakarta,2007

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENTPublisher: Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta, 2008

WATER SUPPLY PRICING IN CHINA:ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ENVIRONMENT, ANDSOCIAL AFFORDABILITYPublisher: World Bank,Washington DC, 2007

M A G A Z I N E

PERCIKEdition 19, August 2007 (English Version)

DRINKING WATEREdition 148, January 2008

CIPTA KARYA BULLETINNo 01/Year VI/January 2008

CAPS NOTESVoume 1, Third Quarter 2007

SERASIEdition November 2007

PERCIKEdition 21, December 2007

TEKNO LIMBAHVolume 6, 2007

ENVIRO MAGZEdition 1, Volume 2, 2008

NEWSLETTER AMPLEdition February 2008

NEWSLETTER AMPLEdition March 2008

C DINTERACTIVE CD SERIES 01: KNOWING THE ENVIRONMENTPublisher: Environmental Ministry, 2007

SERIES 02: KNOWING THE SOILPublisher: KLH, 2007

SERIES 05: KNOWING THE AIRPublisher: Environmental Ministry, 2007

WSES PUBLICATION

51PercikMarch 2008

NO T I M E A C T I V I T Y1 8 January 2008 Meeting of Directive Team of WSES working group at PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor

2 14 January 2008 Wrap Meeting ADB Review Mission Project CWSH in Bappenas

3 15 January 2008 Presentation of the Final Design of WASPOLA Facility in AusAID Office Jakarta

4 15-17 January 2008 Discussion of Final Report of Policy Implementation in Kabupaten Soppeng South Sulawesi Province held by AMPL

Pokja Kabupaten Soppeng

5 16-17 January 2008 Workshop of Community Based Solid Waste Management in Balai Kartini Jakarta held by TSSM Project

6 16-19 January 2008 Meeting on Dissemination of TSSM Guidelines in Yogyajarta held by TSSM Project

7 21 January 2008 Pamsimas Meeting in Public Work Department held by Directorate Bina Program Directorate General Cipta Karya

8 22 January 2008 Media Discussion Toward the International Sanitation Year 2008 in Jakarta held by ESP/USAID

9 23 January 2008 Workshop on Finalisation of the Strategic Plan (Renstra) of Kabupaten Bone Bolango Gorontalo Province held by AMPL Pokja

District of Bone Bolango

10 29 January - 1 February 2008 Meeting of Awarding System of SToPS! Program of East Java in Bandung held by TSSM Project

11 5 February 2008 Launching Exhibition and Seminar of World Water Day 2008 in Public Work Department held by Public Work Department

12 5-6 February 2008 ISSDP Evaluation Phase I in Bogor held by ISSDP

13 12 February 2008 Coordination Meeting of Preparation of Renstra Document of Clean Water and Sanitation Development in Semarang held by

WSES working group Central Java Province

14 13 February 2008 Socialisation Meeting of AMPL National Policy on Kabupaten Baru (Brebes, in Semarang held by AMPL Pokja Central

Java Province)

15 14 February 2008 Meeting of 5 WSES Network in Multifunction Hall of Health Department Jakarta held by Plan Indonesia and ESP USAID

16 19-21 February 2008 Training of WSES Media Avocation in Bangka Balitung Province held by WASPOLA

17 19-22 February 2008 Workshop of Renstra Finalisation of Kabupaten Dompu held by WSES working group Kabupaten Dompu

18 22 February 2008 Workshop of Urban Slum Area WSES of East Indonesia in Jakarta held by UNICEF and WSES working group

19 25-28 February 2008 Media Workshop Relating Sanitation Management in Bali held by WSP-EAP

20 27 February 2008 Kick off Meeting Mission Review Project WSLIC-2 in Jakarta held by Bappenas

21 28 February 2008 Coordination Meeting of Central Stakeholder regarding Clean Water Management in Household Level in Jakarta held by

the Health Department

22 2-6 March 2008 Workshop Consolidation of the Result of AMPL-BM National Policy Application in Local, held in Bali by WASPOLA and

National WSES working group

23 3-6 March 2008 Production Training of WSES Media in Kabupaten Kebumen held by WASPOLA and AMPL Pokja of Kabupaten Kebumen

24 10-13 March 2008 Mission Visit Supervision XI WSLIC-2 Activity in East Java and South Sulawesi held by WSLIC-2

25 14 March 2008 Panel Discussion Water and Sanitation of Indonesia in Jakarta held by UNICEF and Kompas

26 14 March 2008 Discussion on MoU Grant AusAid for PAMSIMAS Program in Jakarta held by Directorate General Cipta Karya

27 17-19 March 2008 Seminar of River Pollution Management through TSSM Program in Surabaya held by TSSM

28 18 March 2008 Workshop of Clean Water Supply and Treatment and Integrated Environmental Improvement for Low Income Community

in Kabupaten and Kota Serang Banten Province held at Serang by UNICEF and AMPL Pokja Kabupaten Serang

29 25-27 March 2008 Workshop Communication Strategy of West Sumatera in Padang held by AMPL Pokja West Sumatera Province

30 24 March 2008 Revitalisation Seminar of Solid Waste Final Disposal (TPA) held at Jakarta by Directorate General Cipta Karya Public

Work Department

31 25-26 March 2008 Workshop to Establish WSES Renstra of Central Java Province at Salatiga held by WSES working group Central Java Province

32 26 March 2008 Workshop of Surface Water Conservation Effort at Jakarta held by Directorate General Cipta Karya Public Work Department

33 27-29 March 2008 World Water Day (HAD) Exhibition in PRJ Kemayoran held by Public Work Department

34 27 March 2008 2008 HAD Seminar "Sanitation, Conserve Water and Environment" in PRJ Kemayoran held by Public Work Department

35 27-29 March 2008 FORKAMI Documenter Movie Festival at CCF Salemba held by FORKAMI

36 31 March 2008 2008 HAD Seminar "Water Appreciation at the Managed Area, Now and Future" at Bandung held by ITB

AGENDA

52 PercikMarch 2008

Protective liningOne of preventive actions in managing the risk of corrosion on the pipe by covering the (outer) surface of the pipe with anti-cor-rosion material, such as asphalt, cement mortar, paint, zinc, etc.

Psycoda fly in trickling filterSpecies of fly that grows in the mud layer covering the Trickling Filter that may cause problems in the treatment installation loca-tion or the surrounding area.

PtPlatinum chemical compound symbol with atomic number 78, and atomic mass 195

PuPlutonium chemical compound symbol with atomic number 94, and atomic mass 244.0642

Public hydrant-HUPublic hydrant is one of the (indirect) connections of clean water to the communal consumer (to be used together/for severalfamilies). Consist of the inlet pipe (service pipe from the distribution network), water tank equipped with opening valves.

Public tap-KUPublic tap is is one of the (indirect) connections of clean water to the communal consumer (to be used together/for several fa-milies). Consist of the inlet pipe (service pipe from the distribution network), straight pipe and lateral pipe equipped with open-ing valves.

Public use of waterClean water for indoor consumer of public facility and social facility. For example, inside the hospital, school, hotel, office,restaurant, movie theatre, university, park, sport facility, road washer, waste water network, etc.

Public utilityEnvironment supporting infrastructures for public service.

Pulverized limestoneCoagulant additive material to improve clarification process in the coagulation process.

PumpMechanic equipment to transport material (liquid/gas) from one place to another, whether in different or same elevation.

PumpingMechanically transport of a volume of material from one place to another.

Pumping intakeClassification of raw water catcher facility identified by the need of pump to suck/push/flow the water.

Pumping stationFacility to place one or more pump unit(s). Built at location or area near the material (liquid/gas) to be pumped.

Quoted from the Dictionary of Environmental Improvement Technique Term and Abbreviation.

Publisher: Trisakti University

VOCABULARY

World Water Day 2008. Indonesia water and Sanitation Magazine. March 2008

Technology

water supply development

world water daythis

celebration of world

sanitation isstill

sanitation issues

celebrateworld water

director general

editorevery year