World War II The war that changed the world. The Road to World War II ► Treaty of Versailles ended World War I ► It was not based on Wilson’s Fourteen.

World War IIWorld War II

The war that changed the The war that changed the worldworld

The Road to World War IIThe Road to World War II

► Treaty of Versailles Treaty of Versailles ended World War Iended World War I

► It was not based on It was not based on Wilson’s Fourteen Wilson’s Fourteen Points and enraged Points and enraged some countriessome countries Germany (War Guilt Germany (War Guilt

Clause and Reparations)Clause and Reparations) Italy (Didn’t get the land Italy (Didn’t get the land

they wanted)they wanted) Japan (Didn’t get all of Japan (Didn’t get all of

the land they wanted)the land they wanted) Soviet Union (Left out of Soviet Union (Left out of

the talks)the talks)

Dictators Gain PowerDictators Gain Power

Benito Mussolini Joseph Stalin Adolf Hitler

The world wide Depression of the 1930s made it easier for dictators to gain control in many European Countries. There was an increase in militarism during this time period.

Acts of AggressionActs of Aggression

► Japan Invades Manchuria and Chinese Japan Invades Manchuria and Chinese CitiesCities League of Nations threatens but takes NO League of Nations threatens but takes NO

actionaction Japan withdraws from the League of NationsJapan withdraws from the League of Nations

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Italy Invades AfricaItaly Invades Africa

► Italy invades Italy invades Ethiopia Ethiopia

► Ethiopian King Ethiopian King appeals to League appeals to League of Nationsof Nations

► League of Nations League of Nations will not sell war will not sell war supplies or goods to supplies or goods to ItalyItaly

http://history.sandiego.edu/cdr2/WW2Pics/00155.jpg

German Aggression BeginsGerman Aggression Begins

► Nazi Party Comes to Nazi Party Comes to powerpower

► Anti - Semitic feelings Anti - Semitic feelings spread spread

► Re armamentRe armament► Hitler/Stalin sign Non-Hitler/Stalin sign Non-

Aggression Pact Aggression Pact ► Hitler comes to power Hitler comes to power

and follows “Mein and follows “Mein Kampf” - his goals for Kampf” - his goals for GermanyGermany

http://img.timeinc.net/time/photoessays/2008/adolf_hitler/adolf_hitler_04.jpg

German AggressionGerman Aggression

►Germany invades Germany invades RhinelandRhineland

►Germany annexes Germany annexes AustriaAustria

► Takes over part of Takes over part of CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia

► League does League does nothing to stop nothing to stop them.them.

http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0212881/solpara.jpg

Policy of AppeasementPolicy of Appeasement

►At the Munich Conferences Great At the Munich Conferences Great Britain and France adopt the policy of Britain and France adopt the policy of AppeasementAppeasement

►Appeasement: Giving into the Appeasement: Giving into the competitor in order to keep peacecompetitor in order to keep peace

►Germany is allowed to keep the land Germany is allowed to keep the land taken over - BUT can’t take anymoretaken over - BUT can’t take anymore

Appeasement, What?Appeasement, What?

► After the Munich Conference - Germany After the Munich Conference - Germany continues to invadecontinues to invade Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia Germany took over the rest of Czechoslovakia Germany invades Poland (September 1, 1939) Germany invades Poland (September 1, 1939)

http://www.history.ucsb.edu/faculty/marcuse/classes/133b/07Projects/pix/RagsdaleMunichDiplomats.jpg

The War BeginsThe War Begins

► After Hitler invades Poland France and After Hitler invades Poland France and Great Britain declare war on Germany Great Britain declare war on Germany

http://www.ushmm.org/museum/exhibit/online/olympics/images/e40-1z.jpg

United States NeutralityUnited States Neutrality

►Neutrality Acts Neutrality Acts declared the US declared the US would stay out of would stay out of warwar

► Americans were Americans were fearful of getting fearful of getting involved in another involved in another European conflictEuropean conflict

► Started Cash and Started Cash and Carry policyCarry policy

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The Fall of FranceThe Fall of France

► The Germans The Germans invaded France in invaded France in 1940 1940

►Months later all of Months later all of France had fallen to France had fallen to the Nazisthe Nazis

► Charles de Gualle Charles de Gualle escaped to Great escaped to Great Britain to strategize Britain to strategize how to get France how to get France backback

http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/images/francesurrenders4.jpg

Battle of BritainBattle of Britain

►Germans set out a Germans set out a BlitzkriegBlitzkrieg operation operation in France.in France.

► The bombing of The bombing of Britain lasted for Britain lasted for monthsmonths

► British never British never surrenderedsurrendered

http://www.worldwar2today.com/images/theblitz.jpg

FDR’s Garden HoseFDR’s Garden Hose

► ““If your neighbor’s If your neighbor’s house is on fire you house is on fire you would let him would let him borrow your garden borrow your garden hose”hose”

► FDR started the FDR started the “Lend Lease “Lend Lease Program” - Loaned Program” - Loaned war materials to the war materials to the Allies Allies

http://www.ilovedrseuss.com/images/us-lend-lease.jpg

http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/ref/LL-AllForOne/img/LL-AllForOne-p5.jpg

U.S. Moving Closer to War

►Nazi victories in 1940 lead to increased U.S. defense spending

► First peacetime draft enacted—Selective Training and Service Act:

Draftees to serve for 1 year in Western Hemisphere only.

► FDR, Churchill issue Atlantic Charter —joint declaration of war aims

►Charter is basis of “A Declaration of the United Nations” or Allies

Japanese AttackJapanese Attack

► The Japanese need oil The Japanese need oil from US, we refused to from US, we refused to trade with themtrade with them

► December 7, 1941 the December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked the Japanese attacked the US at Pearl Harbor in US at Pearl Harbor in the Pacific Ocean the Pacific Ocean

► 2,403 Americans killed; 1,178 wounded

► Over 300 aircraft, 21 ships destroyed or damaged

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Bombing of Pearl HarborBombing of Pearl Harbor

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““A day which will live in A day which will live in infamy” infamy”

http://www.historyofwar.org/Pictures/PearlHarbor04.jpg

US Enters the WarUS Enters the War

►December 8, 1941 December 8, 1941 US declares war on US declares war on JapanJapan

►December 11, 1941 December 11, 1941 Germany declares Germany declares war on the United war on the United States States

http://dase.laits.utexas.edu/media/american_politics_collection/viewitem/000117156_400.jpg

FDR’s Speech to Congress

The American HomefrontThe American Homefront

► The United States The United States government stirs government stirs patriotic feelings patriotic feelings

► Movies are used to Movies are used to build moralebuild morale

► Propaganda is used to Propaganda is used to keep war effort goingkeep war effort going

► People rationed People rationed goods/supplies and goods/supplies and started Victory Gardensstarted Victory Gardens

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Continued War EffortContinued War Effort

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http://www.usmm.org/p/looselips.jpghttp://bss.sfsu.edu/tygiel/Hist427/1940sphotos/posters/ridewithhitler.jpg

Women Enter the WorkforceWomen Enter the Workforce

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070705172615_Woman_Working_a_War_Job_LG.jpg

Women Enter the MilitaryWomen Enter the Military

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On the home frontOn the home front►Many factories converted to make weaponsMany factories converted to make weapons►Nearly 18 million workers in war industries; Nearly 18 million workers in war industries;

6 million are women6 million are women►Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong Over 2 million minorities hired; face strong

discrimination at firstdiscrimination at first►•• A. Philip RandolphA. Philip Randolph, head of , head of

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car PortersBrotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters►•• Organizes march on D.C.; FDR Organizes march on D.C.; FDR

executive order forbids discriminationexecutive order forbids discrimination

Ford Plant during WWIIFord Plant during WWII

African Americans in the African Americans in the MilitaryMilitary

http://www.blackarchives.org/files/imagecache/collectionitem_large/files/collection/00000030.jpg

Mexican Americans in the Mexican Americans in the War EffortWar Effort

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http://ofamerica.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/burns-war.jpg

Navajo Code Talkers Navajo Code Talkers

https://www.cia.gov/news-information/featured-story-archive/2008-featured-story-archive/navajo-code-talkers/navajo-code-talkers-1.jpg

Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans

►Many Japanese Many Japanese Americans served Americans served heroically for the heroically for the US in World War IIUS in World War II

► The Nisei Regiment The Nisei Regiment received high received high honors and awards honors and awards of distinction for of distinction for braverybravery

http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/exhibits/ww2/images/protection/442.jpg

Japanese Americans Interned Japanese Americans Interned

►Many Americans Many Americans were distrusting of were distrusting of Japanese AmericansJapanese Americans

► Thousands of Thousands of Japanese Japanese Americans were Americans were forced into forced into Internment Camps Internment Camps in the Midwest in the Midwest throughout WWIIthroughout WWII http://www.library.wwu.edu/ref/images/japanese-evacuation.jpg

Internment CampInternment Camp

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http://peacecorpsonline.org/messages/imagefolder/japaneseinternment.jpg

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Invasion of the Soviet UnionInvasion of the Soviet Union

Hitler broke the Hitler broke the non-aggression non-aggression pact and invaded pact and invaded the Soviet Unionthe Soviet Union

-Germans Germans wanted to obtain wanted to obtain the Soviet oil the Soviet oil fields quicklyfields quickly

-The Germans The Germans were were unsuccessful in unsuccessful in the winter the winter monthsmonths

http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/images/highres_30018917%20copy.jpg

Stalingrad Stalingrad

►Germans tried to Germans tried to siege Russian city of siege Russian city of StalingradStalingrad

► Russians pushed Russians pushed the Germans out of the Germans out of StalingradStalingrad

► Turning point on Turning point on the Eastern Frontthe Eastern Front

http://www.battle-fleet.com/pw/his/stalingrad.htm

Fall of ItalyFall of Italy

► Allies moved to ItalyAllies moved to Italy► Mussolini was Mussolini was

overthrown and moved overthrown and moved his government to his government to Northern ItalyNorthern Italy

► Allies freed Northern Allies freed Northern ItalyItaly

► Mussolini was shot and Mussolini was shot and killed by Italianskilled by Italians

http://www.army.dnd.ca/2PPCLI/images/Regimental-History/WWII_Ortona.JPG

Death of MussoliniDeath of Mussolini

D - Day InvasionD - Day Invasion

► June 6, 1944 Allies June 6, 1944 Allies open operation to open operation to free Francefree France

► Landed on the Landed on the Beaches of Beaches of Normandy under the Normandy under the command of Dwight command of Dwight D. Eisenhower D. Eisenhower

► Heavy loss of life Heavy loss of life but successful in but successful in freeing France freeing France

http://www.rnsubmus.co.uk/images/dday/02%20-%20D-Day%20map.gif

Eisenhower CommandsEisenhower Commands

http://www.old-picture.com/defining-moments/pictures/Eisenhower-Paratroopers-D-Day.jpg

Amphibious LandingAmphibious Landing

http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/dday.htm

Battle of the BulgeBattle of the Bulge

►Nazi’s last Nazi’s last offensive attackoffensive attack

► Attacked area Attacked area between France and between France and GermanyGermany

► US soldiers attacked US soldiers attacked from the rear and from the rear and defeated the defeated the GermansGermans

http://www.durand.k12.wi.us/hs/history/BattleBulge/bulgemap.jpg

FDR Dies in OfficeFDR Dies in OfficeApril 1945April 1945

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Victory in Europe Day Victory in Europe Day

► Soviet army Soviet army surrounded Berlinsurrounded Berlin

►Nazis surrendered Nazis surrendered to Eisenhowerto Eisenhower

►May 7, 1945: V-E May 7, 1945: V-E DayDay

►Hitler refuses to Hitler refuses to surrender and surrender and commits suicidecommits suicide

http://img178.imageshack.us/img178/5016/06kiss2spanbf5e4bcb6.png

http://shop.wisconsinhistory.org/productcart/pc/catalog/newsnazis_detail.jpg

http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hitler_Stars_and_Stripes_Fuehrer_Dead.jpg

Hitler’s Final SolutionHitler’s Final Solution

►Holocaust Holocaust ► People effected: People effected:

Jews, Poles, Slavs, Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, Gypsies, homosexuals, homosexuals, disabled, mentally illdisabled, mentally ill

11 million die, over 11 million die, over half are Jewshalf are Jews

http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00841/HOLOCAUST/holocaust%20pics/holocaust_israel_survivors.jpg

http://isurvived.org/Pictures_iSurvived-4/HOLOCAUST-2corpses.GIF

http://libcom.org/files/holocaust.jpg

1 million pairs of shoes1 million pairs of shoes

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific

► In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, In first 6 months after Pearl Harbor, Japan conquers empireJapan conquers empire

►Gen. Gen. Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur leads Allied leads Allied forces in Philippinesforces in Philippines

►March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped March 1942 U.S., Filipino troops trapped on Bataan Peninsulaon Bataan Peninsula

►FDR orders MacArthur to leave; FDR orders MacArthur to leave; thousands of troops remain (says he will thousands of troops remain (says he will return)return)

Prisoners of WarPrisoners of War► Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

Shows treatment of Shows treatment of POWs in the PacificPOWs in the Pacific

76,000 American and 76,000 American and Filipino POWs Filipino POWs

Forced to march for Forced to march for 61 miles in tropical 61 miles in tropical heat with no food and heat with no food and only a sip of wateronly a sip of water

10,000 died/executed 10,000 died/executed during marchduring march

15,000 killed at end 15,000 killed at end of the marchof the march

http://www.bataancvl29.org/images/BataanDeathMarch.jpg

War in the PacificWar in the Pacific► Battle of Midway is Battle of Midway is

won by U.S. after won by U.S. after breaking Japanese breaking Japanese code. Sink 4 Jap. code. Sink 4 Jap. Aircraft Carriers. Battle Aircraft Carriers. Battle is fought entirely in the is fought entirely in the air.air.

► US begins “Island US begins “Island Hopping” beginning Hopping” beginning with Guadalcanalwith Guadalcanal

► U.S. starts to Capture U.S. starts to Capture islands getting closer islands getting closer to Japanto Japan http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/national_parks/pacific_theater_1941_45.jpg

U.S. takes back PhilippinesU.S. takes back Philippines

►Summer 1944 U.S. attacks Japan in Summer 1944 U.S. attacks Japan in the Philippinesthe Philippines

►Largest naval battle ever fought off Largest naval battle ever fought off shore, 280 warships involvedshore, 280 warships involved

► Japan starts the use of Japan starts the use of kamikaze kamikaze attacksattacks

► Japanese soldiers also start suicide Japanese soldiers also start suicide attacksattacks

KamikazesKamikazes

Iwo Jima and OkinawaIwo Jima and Okinawa

► Iwo JimaIwo Jima critical as base from which planes critical as base from which planes can reach Japancan reach Japan

►6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 6,000 marines die taking island; of 20,700 Japanese, 200 surviveJapanese, 200 survive

►April 1945 U.S. Marines invade April 1945 U.S. Marines invade OkinawaOkinawa►170,000 Japanese defend island, only 170,000 Japanese defend island, only

10,000 surrender.10,000 surrender.►April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000 April–June: 7,600 U.S. troops, 110,000

Japanese dieJapanese die►Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5 Allies fear invasion of Japan may mean 1.5

million Allied casualtiesmillion Allied casualties

Iwo JimaIwo Jima

http://www.marines.mil/units/hqmc/divpa/PublishingImages/iwojima1.jpg

http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/43/71343-004-339D054B.jpg

Japan SurrendersJapan Surrenders

Manhattan ProjectManhattan Project - U.S. - U.S. develops atomic bomb develops atomic bomb (started many years (started many years earlier)earlier)

1. US Drops first atomic 1. US Drops first atomic bomb on Hiroshima bomb on Hiroshima

2. Soviet Union invades 2. Soviet Union invades JapanJapan

3. US Drops second atomic 3. US Drops second atomic bomb on Nagasakibomb on Nagasaki

4. Japan Surrenders4. Japan Surrenders

Atomic BombAtomic Bomb

HiroshimaHiroshima

HiroshimaHiroshima

Victory Over Japan DayVictory Over Japan Day

The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference

►February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin February 1945, FDR, Churchill, Stalin meet in Yalta to discuss post-war worldmeet in Yalta to discuss post-war world

►FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily FDR, Churchill concession: temporarily divide Germany into 4 partsdivide Germany into 4 parts

►Stalin promises free elections in Stalin promises free elections in Eastern Europe; will fight JapanEastern Europe; will fight Japan

►FDR gets support for conference to FDR gets support for conference to establish United Nationsestablish United Nations

Effects of World War IIEffects of World War II

►Geneva ConventionGeneva Convention Set guidelines for Set guidelines for

POWsPOWs►Nuremberg TrialsNuremberg Trials - -

24 Nazi leaders 24 Nazi leaders tried, sentencedtried, sentenced

► Formation of IsraelFormation of Israel Jewish NationJewish Nation

► Creation of United Creation of United NationsNations Prevent future warsPrevent future wars

http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/media/images/UN-LOGO%20copy.jpg