The World War I The World War I Era Era The Road to War The Road to War
The World War I The World War I EraEra
The Road to WarThe Road to War
America, 1914:America, 1914:• US vowed to remain neutralUS vowed to remain neutral
• President Woodrow Wilson’s re-President Woodrow Wilson’s re-election slogan: ‘He kept us out of election slogan: ‘He kept us out of the war’the war’
• Led to 8 million combatant Led to 8 million combatant deaths, many more civiliansdeaths, many more civilians
• First modern warFirst modern war
• Green are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central PowersGreen are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central Powers
• Lighter colors are coloniesLighter colors are colonies
• Grey countries are not involvedGrey countries are not involved
WWI - 1914WWI - 1914
• Green are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central PowersGreen are Allied Powers, Yellow are Central Powers
• Lighter colors are coloniesLighter colors are colonies
• Grey countries are not involvedGrey countries are not involved
WWI - 1918WWI - 1918
Causes of World War Causes of World War I (I (M.A.N.I.A.M.A.N.I.A.))
MMilitarismilitarism
Military buildup made war more likelyMilitary buildup made war more likely
Military officials became influential in European Military officials became influential in European governmentsgovernments
AAllianceslliances Alliances designed to bolster national securityAlliances designed to bolster national security
NNationalism (two forms)ationalism (two forms)
Great Powers willing to go to war to protect empireGreat Powers willing to go to war to protect empire
Ethnic minorities within empires wanted independenceEthnic minorities within empires wanted independence
IImperialismmperialism
Scramble for empires created sharp rivalriesScramble for empires created sharp rivalries
AAssassination - Archduke Francis ssassination - Archduke Francis FerdinandFerdinand Bosnia was under the control of the Austro-Bosnia was under the control of the Austro-
Hungarian EmpireHungarian Empire
Murdered by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo Murdered by a Serbian terrorist, Gavrilo PrincipPrincip
AlliancesAlliances
Alliances - Chain of EventsAlliances - Chain of Events July 28, 1914 July 28, 1914
Austro-Hungary declared war on SerbiaAustro-Hungary declared war on Serbia
July 29July 29thth, 1914, , 1914,
Russia mobilized military to protect its ethnic cousins, Russia mobilized military to protect its ethnic cousins, SerbiansSerbians
August 1, 1914 August 1, 1914
Germany, Austria’s chief ally, declared war on RussiaGermany, Austria’s chief ally, declared war on Russia
August 3, 1914August 3, 1914
France, Russia’s ally, began to mobilize for war against France, Russia’s ally, began to mobilize for war against GermanyGermany
Major Central PowersMajor Central Powers Austro-Hungarian EmpireAustro-Hungarian Empire
Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
GermanyGermany
BulgariaBulgaria
Major Allied PowersMajor Allied Powers RussiaRussia
SerbiaSerbia
FranceFrance
Great BritainGreat Britain
Italy Italy
RomaniaRomania
GreeceGreece
JapanJapan
United States (April United States (April 1917)1917)
1914 - 19181914 - 1918
American Public Opinions & NeutralityAmerican Public Opinions & Neutrality
1.1. Many Americans felt Many Americans felt personally involvedpersonally involved
- About 92 million Americans were - About 92 million Americans were 1st or 2nd generation immigrants1st or 2nd generation immigrants
2.2. Most Americans opposed the Most Americans opposed the Central PowersCentral Powers
a)a)Germany undemocratic – Kaiser Germany undemocratic – Kaiser an Autocratan Autocrat
b)b)Viewed Germans as cold blooded Viewed Germans as cold blooded & militaristic& militaristic
3.3. Remain neutral to protect Remain neutral to protect American investment American investment overseasoverseas
THE THE ENDEND