World War II: The Rise of Dictators World History B – Seminar #7 Warm Up: 1.Totalitarian state 2. Dictator 3. Appeasement.

World War II: The Rise World War II: The Rise of Dictatorsof DictatorsWorld History B – Seminar #7World History B – Seminar #7

Warm Up: Warm Up:

1.1.Totalitarian state 2. DictatorTotalitarian state 2. Dictator

3. Appeasement3. Appeasement

Totalitarian State: Government in which Totalitarian State: Government in which a one party dictatorship regulates every a one party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives.aspect of citizens’ lives.

Dictator: Ruler who has complete control Dictator: Ruler who has complete control over a government over a government

Appeasement: Policy of giving in to an aggressor’s demands in order to keep the peace.

After WWIAfter WWIIn the two decades following World War I, a wave of economic and political crises swept the globe. While many people spent the 1920s trying to cope with the uncertainties of the postwar world, by 1929 they suddenly faced a much greater problem. That year, the stock market in the United States crashed. Because so many war-torn nations had come to depend on financial help from America, the stock market’s collapse triggered a worldwide economic depression that left millions around the globe jobless and hungry. In response to the turmoil, some nations turned to fascist dictators, who promised order and stability. Not content to merely rule a country, however, these dictators soon looked to conquer other lands.

• Millions become Millions become unemployed worldwide. unemployed worldwide.

• Businesses go bankrupt.Businesses go bankrupt.• Governments take Governments take emergency measures to emergency measures to protect economies.protect economies.

• Citizens lose faith in Citizens lose faith in capitalism and capitalism and democracy. democracy.

• Nations turn toward Nations turn toward authoritarian leaders.authoritarian leaders.

Immediate EffectsImmediate Effects

• Nazis take control in Nazis take control in Germany.Germany.

• Fascists come to Fascists come to power in other power in other countries.countries.

• Democracies try social Democracies try social welfare programs.welfare programs.

• Japan expands in East Japan expands in East Asia.Asia.

• World War II breaks World War II breaks outout.

Long-Term EffectsLong-Term Effects

The Great Depression

WorldwideWorldwideEconomicEconomic

DepressionDepression

Fascists Come to Power in ItalyFascists Come to Power in ItalyTextbook: page 757Textbook: page 757

• Italy in a deep financial Italy in a deep financial depression after WWIdepression after WWI

• Mussolini promised order and Mussolini promised order and prosperityprosperity

• Introduced “fascism”Introduced “fascism”• Fascism: characterized by Fascism: characterized by

dictatorship, centralized dictatorship, centralized control of private enterprise, control of private enterprise, repression of opposition, and repression of opposition, and extreme nationalismextreme nationalism

• Used “Black Shirts” to impose Used “Black Shirts” to impose his rule.his rule.

• Invades EthiopiaInvades Ethiopia• Makes a pact with HitlerMakes a pact with Hitler

Compare Fascism and Compare Fascism and Communism – page 760Communism – page 760

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

Compare Fascism and Compare Fascism and Communism – page 760Communism – page 760

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change• enemies of fascism• supported by urban and agricultural workers• all businesses state owned

Compare Fascism and Compare Fascism and Communism – page 760Communism – page 760

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change• enemies of fascism• supported by urban and agricultural workers• all businesses state owned

• antidemocratic and nationalistic

• enemies of communists• supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class• all businesses individually owned but state controlled

Compare Fascism and Compare Fascism and Communism – page 760Communism – page 760

Communism Similarities of Totalitarian Rule

Fascism

• antidemocratic

• hopes for international change• enemies of fascism• supported by urban and agricultural workers• all businesses state owned

• single party dictatorship

• state control of the economy• use of police spies and terror for control• strict censorship and government monopoly of the media• indoctrination of youth• unquestioning obedience to a single leader

• antidemocratic and nationalistic

• enemies of communists• supported by business leaders, wealthy landowners and middle class• all businesses individually owned but state controlled

Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Hitler and the Rise of Nazi Germany – page 761Germany – page 761

• Weimar Republic politically Weimar Republic politically weak and unpopularweak and unpopular

• Huge inflationHuge inflation• Two revolutions against Two revolutions against

Weimar Republic. Once Hitler Weimar Republic. Once Hitler tried to seize power tried to seize power unsuccessfully. Went to jail.unsuccessfully. Went to jail.

• Huge inflation and Great Huge inflation and Great DepressionDepression

• Hitler forms Nazi Party, Hitler forms Nazi Party, promises reform, is elected promises reform, is elected as Chancellor in 1933as Chancellor in 1933

• Becomes dictator by 1934Becomes dictator by 1934

Hitler’s Third ReichHitler’s Third Reich

• Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.Totalitarian State – Nazis controlled all.• Huge public works programsHuge public works programs• Big business and labor under government Big business and labor under government

controlcontrol• Built up militaryBuilt up military• Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military Set aside Versailles Treaty and moved military

into the Rhinelandinto the Rhineland• Indoctrinated the youthIndoctrinated the youth• Hitler despised Christianity and began to Hitler despised Christianity and began to

close churches close churches • Jews were persecuted as enemies of the stateJews were persecuted as enemies of the state

Hitler’s Aggression to 1939Hitler’s Aggression to 1939page 773page 773

19361936March 1936 March 1936

Hitler marches troops into Hitler marches troops into the Rhinelandthe Rhineland

PacificPacific

April 1937 April 1937 Germany attacks Germany attacks Guernica, SpainGuernica, Spain

March 1938 March 1938 Germany invades AustriaGermany invades Austria

September 1938 September 1938 Germany invades Germany invades the Sudetenlandthe Sudetenland

Events of World War IIEvents of World War II

19371937

19381938

EuropeEurope

19391939

Aug. 1939 Aug. 1939 Nonaggression pact between Nonaggression pact between

Germany and the Soviet UnionGermany and the Soviet Union

PacificPacific

Sept. 1939 Sept. 1939 Germany invades Germany invades

Poland; World War II Poland; World War II beginsbegins

May 1940 May 1940 Evacuation of British forces at Evacuation of British forces at

DunkirkDunkirkJune 1940 June 1940

France France surrenders; the surrenders; the Battle of Britain Battle of Britain

beginsbegins

Events of World War IIEvents of World War II

19401940

19411941

EuropeEuropeMarch 1939March 1939

Germany invades CzechoslovakiaGermany invades Czechoslovakia

December 1941Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. US declares war on Japan.

Europe at WAREurope at WAR

The Alliance System in 1942The Alliance System in 1942

Allied PowersAllied Powers• Great BritainGreat Britain• FranceFrance• RussiaRussia• United States United States

Axis Powers Axis Powers GermanyGermany ItalyItaly Japan Japan Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire

WWII BeginsWWII BeginsWorld War II began in Europe with the German blitzkrieg, World War II began in Europe with the German blitzkrieg,

or lightning war, against Poland in September of 1939. or lightning war, against Poland in September of 1939. By June of 1940, Germany had conquered most of By June of 1940, Germany had conquered most of western Europe. In June of 1941, Germany invaded the western Europe. In June of 1941, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. On December 7, 1941, Germany’s ally, Soviet Union. On December 7, 1941, Germany’s ally, Japan, launched a surprise attack on the United StatesJapan, launched a surprise attack on the United States—an act that drew America into the war. Eventually, the —an act that drew America into the war. Eventually, the Allies turned the tide of the conflict against Germany Allies turned the tide of the conflict against Germany and Japan. and Japan.

In the Pacific, Allied forces won a major victory in the In the Pacific, Allied forces won a major victory in the Battle of Midway and began to recapture territory from Battle of Midway and began to recapture territory from the Japanese. In Europe, the Soviet Union captured the the Japanese. In Europe, the Soviet Union captured the German army that besieged Stalingrad in February of German army that besieged Stalingrad in February of 1943. The Allies opened a western front in Europe by 1943. The Allies opened a western front in Europe by landing in Normandy in June of 1944, and the combined landing in Normandy in June of 1944, and the combined pressure on two fronts drove Germany to surrender in pressure on two fronts drove Germany to surrender in May of 1945. Two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in May of 1945. Two atomic bombs dropped on Japan in August forced the Japanese to surrender in September August forced the Japanese to surrender in September of 1945.of 1945.

The War in the PacificThe War in the Pacific

• Late 1930s – Japan attacks China for oil resources and territory

• 1940 – Japan conquers French Indochina and continues takeover of Pacific Islands.

• December, 1941 – Japan attacks Pearl Harbor.

• US enters the war.

1941June 1941

Germany invades the Soviet Union

Pacific

Aug. 1942Hitler orders attack on

Stalingrad

Apr. 1942 Allies surrender in Philippines; Bataan Death March begins

Nov. 1942Allies land in North Africa

May 1942 Allies turn back Japanese fleet in Battle of the Coral Sea

Feb. 1943Germans surrender at

Stalingrad

June 1942Allies defeat Japan in Battle of Midway

1942

1943

Europe

Events of World War II

Dec. 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor; U.S. declares war on Japan

Feb. 1943Japanese abandon the islandof Guadalcanal

1944Pacific

Oct. 1944Allies defeat Japan in Battle of Leyte

May 1945Germany surrenders

June 1945 Allies capture Okinawa

Events of World War II

1945

1946

Europe

June 1944Allies invade Europe on D-Day

Dec. 1944Battle of the Bulge begins

Mar. 1945 Allies capture Iwo Jima

Aug. 1945Atomic bombs dropped onHiroshima and Nagasaki

Sep. 1945 Japan surrenders

• Jewish Women and Children in Belsen Concentration CampDuring the advance of the 2nd Army, the huge concentration camp at Belsen was relieved. Some 60,000 civilians, mostly suffering from typhus, typhoid, and dysentry were dying in their hundreds daily, despite the frantic efforts being made by medical services rushed to the camp. The camp was declared a neutral area before allies arrived, and the allied Military Government stood to reach the camp at the earliest possible moment, only to be faced by the most indescribable scenes--60,000 people starving and without water for over six days. The camp was littered with the dead and dying, and on closer investigation, it was discovered that the huts capable of housing about 30 people in many cases were holding as many as 500. It was impossible to estimate the number of dead among them. The others were too weak to remove the bodies, so they just had to remain.

The Final SolutionThe Final Solution

Hiroshima and NagasakiHiroshima and Nagasaki