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25:i The Shift to Wartime Production World War II at Home [Image source: http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/23 355.html]
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World War II at Home

Jan 23, 2016

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World War II at Home. 25:i The Shift to Wartime Production. [Image source: http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/23355.html]. Norman Rockwell painted pictures of the Four Freedoms President Roosevelt claimed Americans were fighting for. 1. “Freedom from Fear”,. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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  • World War IIat Home

    25:i The Shift to Wartime Production[Image source: http://www.creativepro.com/story/feature/23355.html]

  • Norman Rockwellpainted pictures ofthe Four FreedomsPresident Rooseveltclaimed Americanswere fighting for . . .

  • 1. Freedom from Fear, . . .

  • 2. Freedom From Want, . . .

  • 3. Freedom of Worship, . . .

  • and 4. Freedom of Speech.

  • The United States mobilized society at every level in an effort to defeat fascism and promote the Four Freedoms.

    [Image source: America Pathways to the Present, page 719.]

  • The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established in April 1941 before the attack on Pearl Harbor in an effort to prevent shortages from causing inflation.[Image source: http://image.mplib.org/wp/MPW00204.jpg]

  • How could the black market hurt the war effort?[Image source: http://www.northwestern.edu/magazine/northwestern/winter2000/winter00wwii.htm]

  • The OPA would later oversee the rationing of scarce resources.[Image source: http://image.mplib.org/wp/MPW00223.jpg]

  • The War Production Board (WPB), established in January 1942, directed the conversion of peacetime industries tothe productionof war goods.[Image source: https://www.mplib.org/wpdb/index.asp?exact=MPW00017]

  • The WPB also set priorities and allocated raw materials.

  • The Office of War Mobilization (OWM) was created in May 1943 to co-ordinate the agencies dealing with war production, labour questions, and scarce raw materials.[Image source: https://www.mplib.org/wpdb/index.asp?exact=MPW00016]

  • As production of consumer goods stopped, factories converted to war production.[Image source: America: Pathways to the Present, page 716.]

  • War Production Board (WPB) poster,1942 (Northwestern University Library) [Image source: http://www.33rdprs.org/images/NWUL001.jpg]

  • Entrepreneurs, such as Henry J. Kaiser, introducedthe methodsof mass-productionto build large numbers of Liberty ships.[Image source: http://www.nndb.com/people/456/000114114/]

  • Through the use of prefabricated sections, Kaiser cut the average time for constructing Liberty ships from 150 days down to 46.[Image source: America: Pathways to the Present, page 716.]

  • The government established the cost-plus system for military contracts, guaranteeing businessesa profit.

  • As a result, the United States became the arsenal of democracy, producing:300,000 airplanes80,000 landing craft100,000 tanks and armored cars5,600 merchant ships (including 2,600 Liberty ships)6,000,000 rifles, carbines, and machine guns41,000,000,000 rounds of ammunition

  • War production ended massive unemployment, and average weekly wages in manufacturing rose 27 percent in a little over three years.[Image source: America Pathways to the Present, page 718.

  • Even though labor and business representatives agreed to refrain from strikes and lockouts, the number of strikes went up during the war.

  • Between 1939 and 1945, federal spending increased from $9.4 billion to $95.2 billion. (The cost to run the government between 1941 and 1945 was about $321 billion.)[Image source: http://www.spokaneschools.org/lewis_clark/academics/socialstudies/gerard/US%20History%20bookmarks.htm]

  • [Image source: http://mwhodges.home.att.net/ww-2spend.gif]

  • [Image source: http://ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/BigL/BigL-3.html]

  • Starting in late-1942,the Treasury Department launched bond drives to financethe war.

  • Total war bond sales brought inabout $156 billion.

  • Deficit spending turned the economy around overnight, but also created a huge national debt.[Image source: http://jeffkrimmel.com/2006/04/]