World War World War I I
Dec 17, 2015
World War IWorld War I
Nationalism_in_Europe 2:23
Deep attachments to one’s
own nation helped unify the
people and helped create
competition
Nationalism
Building_Global_Empires_and_Military_Alliances 1:46
Nations seeking economic growth and expansion
Establish and expand global empires
Imperialism
Strong competition for control
of area
Austria-Hungary annexed
Bosnia-Herzegovinia
Balkan Wars
Build-up of military forces
among nations
Strong military competition
Militarism
Hardening of alliance systems
Triple Alliance—
Triple Entente—
Russia was traditionally
Serbia’s protector
Alliances
Triple Alliance
Germany
Italy
Austria-Hungary
Triple Entente
Great Britain
Russia
France
1014_Austria_Hungary_Declares_War_Against_Serbia 1:25
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to
Austro-Hungarian throne, and wife,
Killed June 28, 1914 in
Sarajevo by Serbian Black Hand member, Gavrilo Princip
Assassination
Austria issued ultimatum to Serbia;
Serbia partially agreed July 25
Summer of 1914
Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28
Austria declared war on Serbia July 28
Russia mobilized to help Serbia July 30
Germany pledged to support Austria
Germany declared war on Russia Aug 1
France allied with Russia
Germany invaded Belgium Aug 3
Germany declared war on France Aug 3
Britain declared war on Germany Aug 4
World War I Begins………..
Central Powers
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers
Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, Belgium,
US, Japan, Montenegro, Italy
The Battles BeginThe Battles Begin
Schlieffen Plan—Germany’s war planSchlieffen Plan—Germany’s war plan drawn up in 1905drawn up in 1905 called for invasion of neutral Belgiumcalled for invasion of neutral Belgium assumed Russia would be slow to assumed Russia would be slow to
mobilizemobilize allow for quick defeat of Frenchallow for quick defeat of French
Problems with Schlieffen PlanProblems with Schlieffen Plan
Invaded heavily fortified area of BelgiumInvaded heavily fortified area of Belgium
GB involved after Belgium invasionGB involved after Belgium invasion
Encountered strong resistanceEncountered strong resistance
Russian army mobilized quicklyRussian army mobilized quickly
Split Germany forces in EastSplit Germany forces in East
Downfall of Schlieffen PlanDownfall of Schlieffen Plan
Germans forced British retreatGermans forced British retreat France attacked Germans in Alsace-France attacked Germans in Alsace-
LorraineLorraine Caused delay in German advanceCaused delay in German advance
Battle of Marne caused German retreatBattle of Marne caused German retreat Signaled abandonment of Schlieffen PlanSignaled abandonment of Schlieffen Plan
Modern WarModern War Submarine warfareSubmarine warfare
Use to get around blockades and attack enemy shippingUse to get around blockades and attack enemy shipping Rapid fire machine gunsRapid fire machine guns
Led to trench warfareLed to trench warfare Trench warfareTrench warfare
500 miles of ditches for protection500 miles of ditches for protection TanksTanks
Designed to break through barbed wireDesigned to break through barbed wire AirplanesAirplanes
Primary function—to observe enemy activitiesPrimary function—to observe enemy activities Poison gasPoison gas
Introduced by Germans to help break stalematesIntroduced by Germans to help break stalemates
U.S. Becomes InvolvedU.S. Becomes Involved US declared neutrality in beginningUS declared neutrality in beginning Money loaned to warring nationsMoney loaned to warring nations Sinking of Sinking of LusitaniaLusitania German unrestricted submarine warfareGerman unrestricted submarine warfare Zimmerman TelegramZimmerman Telegram Germany sinks 4 US merchant shipsGermany sinks 4 US merchant ships
April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war April 2, 1917 Wilson asks Congress for war declarationdeclaration
April 6, 1917 US declares war on GermanyApril 6, 1917 US declares war on Germany
Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman Telegram
Sinking of 4 US merchant ships
US declares war on Germany
April 6, 1917
US entry into World War I
Web of War
SerbiaAustria-Hungary
Germany Russia
France
Treaty
Declared war on
Treaty
Treaty
Declared war on
Declared war on
FranceGermany
United States
Great Britain
Italy
Declared war on
Treaty
Declared war on
Belgium
Japan
De
cla
red
wa
r o
n
Dec
lare
d w
ar o
n
invades
Treaty
Military agreement
Australia
Canada
India
New Zealand
Union of S.Africa
Colonial
Territories
Allied after start o
f war
The Home FrontThe Home Front
Selective Service – 2.8 million draftedSelective Service – 2.8 million drafted War Industries Board – coordinate War Industries Board – coordinate
production of war materialsproduction of war materials Daylight savings timeDaylight savings time Bonds – Liberty and VictoryBonds – Liberty and Victory Committee on Public Information – selling Committee on Public Information – selling
the war to the publicthe war to the public Sedition Act of 1918Sedition Act of 1918
• Public expression of war opposition illegalPublic expression of war opposition illegal
Women’s RolesWomen’s Roles
WomenWomen Fill jobs in factoriesFill jobs in factories Military serviceMilitary service
• Allowed to enlist in NavyAllowed to enlist in Navy• Fill temporary jobs in ArmyFill temporary jobs in Army• Army nurses were only military women allowed to Army nurses were only military women allowed to
go overseasgo overseas
African AmericansAfrican Americans
Served in segregated units in militaryServed in segregated units in military ““Great Migration”Great Migration”
Movement from South to North to fill factory Movement from South to North to fill factory jobsjobs
Espionage and Sedition Espionage and Sedition Acts were used to Acts were used to
effectively silence criticism effectively silence criticism of the war.of the war.
1917 Russia pulls out1917 Russia pulls out• Closing Eastern frontClosing Eastern front• American troops arriveAmerican troops arrive
1918 1918 Allies push Germans back to border of Allies push Germans back to border of
GermanyGermany Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicatesKaiser Wilhelm II abdicates Germany surrendersGermany surrenders
War ends 11War ends 11thth Hour of 11 Hour of 11thth Day Day of 11of 11thth Month 1918 Month 1918
Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles Wilson’s Fourteen PointsWilson’s Fourteen Points
Plan for peace after warPlan for peace after war League of Nations League of Nations
• General association of nationsGeneral association of nations Help preserve peaceHelp preserve peace Help prevent future warsHelp prevent future wars
Congress never signed Treaty of VersaillesCongress never signed Treaty of Versailles US never member of League of NationsUS never member of League of Nations
Germany’s punishmentGermany’s punishment Accept blame for causing warAccept blame for causing war Reduce militaryReduce military Pay war reparationsPay war reparations
Effects of WWI on USEffects of WWI on US Developments in WarDevelopments in War
War-torn economies of War-torn economies of EuropeEurope
Russian RevolutionRussian Revolution Industrial demand of Industrial demand of
wartimewartime Sacrifices of wartime; Sacrifices of wartime;
disappointment with disappointment with Versailles Peace Versailles Peace TreatyTreaty
Effects on USEffects on US Boom in US economy; Boom in US economy;
emergence of US as emergence of US as world industrial leaderworld industrial leader
““Red Scare” in Red Scare” in postwar US; suspicion postwar US; suspicion of immigrantsof immigrants
Internal migration in Internal migration in US, especially African US, especially African Americans to Northern Americans to Northern citiescities
Failure to join League Failure to join League of Nationsof Nations