World War I American History. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 2 Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD Section 1: Expansion.

World War IAmerican History

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON

The American NationHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERA

2

Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD

Section 1: Expansion in the Pacific

Section 2: War with Spain

Section 3: Expansion in Latin America

Section 4: Conflict with Mexico



IN THE MODERN ERA

3

Objectives:What major factors drove imperialism?How did the United States acquire Hawaii?What was the U.S. role in China?How did Japan become a world power?




IN THE MODERN ERA

4

Factors that drove imperialismthe need for

marketsthe need for raw

materialsthe desire for

powerthe desire for

prestige




IN THE MODERN ERA

5

Acquisition of HawaiiAmerican missionaries arrived in the 1820s and by the

1870s, Americans controlled most of the land and trade. In 1875, Hawaiian sugar was exempted from U.S. tariffs,

but in 1876, the U.S. demanded Pearl Harbor in exchange for tax-free status.

In 1887, King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution.

In 1893, supporters of annexation overthrew the Hawaiian monarchy and proclaimed Hawaii a U.S. protectorate.

U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898.




IN THE MODERN ERA

6

U.S. role in Chinapromoted the Open Door policyhelped other foreign countries put down the Boxer

Rebellionpressured foreign powers to observe open trade

throughout China and preserve China’s right to rule its own territory




IN THE MODERN ERA

7

Steps that led Japan to become a world poweragreed to Western demands for tradeindustrialized rapidlybuilt up its army and navyattacked Russia in 1904negotiated a peace treaty with Russia




IN THE MODERN ERA

8

Objectives:How did Spain respond to the revolt in Cuba?What were the major causes of the Spanish-

American War?What were the major battles of the Spanish-

American War?What happened to the Philippines after the

Spanish-American War?




IN THE MODERN ERA

9

Spanish response to the Cuban revoltexiled many leaders of the independence

movementsent soldiers to fight rebelssent General Valeriano Weyler to put down the

revolt




IN THE MODERN ERA

10

Causes of the Spanish-American Warimperialist ambitionhumanitarian sympathy for the rebelsyellow journalismthe destruction of the USS Maine




IN THE MODERN ERA

11

Major battles of the Spanish-American WarU.S. naval bombardment of Manila Bay in the Philippinesbattle for Manilabattle for El Caneybattle for San Juan Hill in Cubabattle between U.S. and Spanish navies off the coast of

Cubabattle between U.S. and Spanish forces in Puerto Rico




IN THE MODERN ERA

12

The Philippines after the Spanish-American WarEmilio Aquinaldo set up a provisional

government.U.S. annexed the Philippines.Filipino independence fighters battled U.S. troops

for control and lost in 1902.Philippines gained independence in 1946.




IN THE MODERN ERA

13

Objectives:How did the United States govern Cuba and

Puerto Rico?What were the major obstacles to building the

Panama Canal?What was U.S. policy toward Latin America

during the late 1800s and early 1900s?




IN THE MODERN ERA

14

Government of CubaThe Platt Amendment made Cuba a protectorate.In 1934 the United States renounced the right to

interfere in Cuban affairs.




IN THE MODERN ERA

15

Government of Puerto RicoThe Foraker Act established a territorial

government in Puerto Rico.The Jones Act granted Puerto Ricans U.S.

citizenship and the right to elect both houses of the legislature.

In 1952 Puerto Rico became a self-governing commonwealth.




IN THE MODERN ERA

16

Major obstacles to the Panama Canalharsh working conditionsshortages of labor and materialsoutbreak of yellow fever




IN THE MODERN ERA

17

U.S. policy toward Latin America, late 1800s—early 1900sThe Roosevelt Corollary claimed police powers

for the U.S. in the Western Hemisphere.Taft favored dollar diplomacy—the investment of

U.S. capital in Latin America to replace European investments.

Wilson wanted to establish constitutional democracies in Latin America.




IN THE MODERN ERA

18

Objectives:What were the major events of the Mexican

Revolution?What were the causes of U.S. intervention in

Mexico?What were the outcomes of the Mexican

Revolution?




IN THE MODERN ERA

19

Major events of the Mexican RevolutionPorfirio Díaz used force and fraud to win an eighth

term as president of Mexico.Emiliano Zapata led a rebel army demanding land

for the mostly American Indian peasant population.Francisco Madero unified the opposition groups

and won the presidency after Diaz’s overthrow.Victoriano Huerta seized control of the government

and restored calm.




IN THE MODERN ERA

20

Causes of U.S. intervention in MexicoMadero’s murder outraged Wilson.Wilson used the arrest of some U.S. sailors as

justification for using armed force.




IN THE MODERN ERA

21

Outcomes of the Mexican RevolutionFor a while, Pancho Villa controlled much of Mexico, but

when he lost power he launched a raid of revenge on the U.S.Pershing led U.S. forces into Chihuahua, and the U.S.

stationed National Guardsmen along the Mexican border.The U.S. went too far, the Mexicans fought back, and U.S.

troops withdrew.Venustiano Carranza put a new constitution into effect in

1917.


World War IAmerican History

Table of Contents

• Section 1• Section 2• Section 3• Section 4



IN THE MODERN ERA

24

Objectives:What were the major causes of unrest in Europe?What were the results of the early fighting in the war?Why did the war settle into a stalemate?

Section 1: World War I Breaks Out



IN THE MODERN ERA

25

Causes of unrest in Europenationalism and territorial rivalriesstrong spirit of militarism system of alliances that could turn a local conflict

into a global war



Nationalism and Territorial rivalries

26

• The region was called the Powder Keg of Europe

• Bulgarians Montenegrins Serbs all wanted their own nation

• Tension were immanent.


Nationalism and Territorial rivalries

27


Alliances

28

• Alliances also cause problems.

• Why?• Look at the

graphic to the left. World War I

Germany Austria

Central P.

Russia

France

Great Britain

Canada

United States

The American NationHOLT Militarism and Alliances

29

Militarism –Glorification of military strength.

Countries next to each other that have militarism cause what?

Arms Races

The American NationHOLT Militarism and Alliances

30

Arms RaceWhen countries

compete to see who can have the bigger military.



IN THE MODERN ERA

31

Results of early fightingFrance was defeated quickly.Great Britain was isolated.A war of attrition began.



War of Attrition

32

What is a war of Attrition



IN THE MODERN ERA

33

Reasons for stalemateWorld War I settled into a stalemate because trench warfare, a new type of fighting involving massive artillery barrages followed by infantry charges, emerged.



Stale Mate

34

What happens when you can’t defeat your enemy.


Stale Mate

35


You build bigger Gun


Stale Mate

36


You build bigger bigger Gun


Stale Mate

37


You build bigger bigger bigger Gun


Stale Mate

38


You build bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun


Stale Mate

39


You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun


Stale Mate

40


You build bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger bigger Gun


New Weapons

41

PlanesGasTanksShipsU-boatsMachine

guns



IN THE MODERN ERA

42

Objectives:What challenges did the United States face while

trying to remain neutral?What events led to U.S. entry into World War I?How did the United States prepare its military

for war?What types of experiences did Americans have

while serving in Europe?

Section 2: The United States Goes to War



IN THE MODERN ERA

43

Difficulties of neutralityconflicting sympathies and opinionsBritish propaganda campaignBritish navy blockadeGerman submarine attacks



U.S. Sympathies

44

• Germans• Italians• British• Eastern

Europeans• Asian



IN THE MODERN ERA

45

Events leading to U.S. entry into WWIthe German attack on the Sussex in 1916German resumption of full-scale U-boat warfare

in 1917publication of the Zimmerman Note




IN THE MODERN ERA

46

U.S. military preparationsCongress passed the Selective Service Act.Congress established a massive soldier-training

program.




IN THE MODERN ERA

47

American experiences in EuropePershing insisted that the Americans fight as a group.The troops sailed to Europe using the convoy

system.The Americans marched through Paris, stopping at

Lafayette’s tomb.Army engineers built military and support facilities

and communications networks.American women served as nurses and volunteers.




IN THE MODERN ERA

48

Objectives:How did the U.S. government prepare the nation

for war?How did organized labor and volunteers

contribute to the war effort?Why did African Americans move north?How did the government create support for, and

limit opposition to, the war?

Section 3: The War at Home



IN THE MODERN ERA

49

U.S. preparation for warThe government established programs to finance

the war.Programs established to conserve scare resources.Industry and labor redirected toward wartime

production.Wilson launched a propaganda campaign.




IN THE MODERN ERA

50

Organized laborfilled posts to replace soldierswent on strike to demand higher wages and benefitsimproved working conditions during the war




IN THE MODERN ERA

51

Volunteersconserved energy and recycled essential materialsgrew vegetables in victory gardenspurchased liberty bondsfounded support organizations




IN THE MODERN ERA

52

Reasons for African Americans to move northjob opportunitiesprospect of higher wagesrecruitment effortsbetter living conditions




IN THE MODERN ERA

53

Government management of supportCommittee on Public Information issued

propaganda.Dissent on war issues was suppressed.




IN THE MODERN ERA

54

Objectives:What were the final events of World War I?What were the goals of President Wilson’s

Fourteen Points?What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?Why did the U.S. Senate reject the Treaty of

Versailles?What was the global impact of World War I?

Section 4: The War’s End and Aftermath



IN THE MODERN ERA

55

Final events of World War IGermans fail to capture Paris in 1918.Allies push forward in the Argonne offensive.Mutinies break out in the German army and navy,

and civilians riot over food.Armistice signed on November 11, 1918.




IN THE MODERN ERA

56

Goals of the Fourteen Pointsprovide self-determinationresolution of territorial disputesend secret diplomacy and the arms racestop violations of freedom of the seasend trade barriers




IN THE MODERN ERA

57

Terms of the Treaty of Versaillesdivided Germany’s colonies and the Ottoman

Empire among Allied nationsestablished a mandate systemcreated new nations




IN THE MODERN ERA

58

Reasons for Senate rejection of Treaty of VersaillesSome senators rejected the League of Nations

completely.Some senators rejected Article 10 in the League

Covenant because it might force the U.S. into an unwanted war.




IN THE MODERN ERA

59

Global impact of World War Iheavy human costheavy economic costgrowing chaos in Germanyterritorial disputes in Europe and the Middle East


World War I American History. HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 2 Chapter 11 AMERICA AND THE WORLD Section 1: Expansion.

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