HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT IN THE MODERN ERA 1 Chapter 5 THE WESTERN CROSSROADS Section 1: War in the West Section 2: Western.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Chapter 5Chapter 5 THE WESTERN CROSSROADSTHE WESTERN CROSSROADS

Section 1:Section 1: War in the West War in the West

Section 2:Section 2: Western Farmers Western Farmers

Section 3:Section 3: The Cattle Boom The Cattle Boom

Section 4:Section 4: The Mining Boom The Mining Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:Why did the U.S. government create the American Why did the U.S. government create the American

Indian reservation system?Indian reservation system?What were the sources of conflict between the What were the sources of conflict between the

Plains Indians and the U.S. government?Plains Indians and the U.S. government?How did Chief Joseph, Geronimo, and Sarah How did Chief Joseph, Geronimo, and Sarah

Winnemucca respond to whites’ treatment of Winnemucca respond to whites’ treatment of American Indians?American Indians?

How did the U.S. government try to assimilate How did the U.S. government try to assimilate American Indians?American Indians?

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The reservation systemThe reservation systemcreated to serve desire for farmland and goldcreated to serve desire for farmland and goldgave government control of American Indiansgave government control of American Indiansprovided opportunity for assimilation of provided opportunity for assimilation of

American IndiansAmerican Indians

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

The Plains Indians and the U.S. The Plains Indians and the U.S. governmentgovernmentconflicts over land and reservationsconflicts over land and reservationsconflicts over broken promises and treatiesconflicts over broken promises and treatiesconflicts over the Ghost Danceconflicts over the Ghost Dance

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Chief Joseph’s responseChief Joseph’s responseagreed to move tribe to a reservationagreed to move tribe to a reservationfled from the U.S. Army and eventually fled from the U.S. Army and eventually

surrenderedsurrendered

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Geronimo’s responseGeronimo’s responsefled reservation with his tribefled reservation with his tribe; ; raided settlementsraided settlementseventually surrenderedeventually surrendered

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Sarah Winnemucca’s responseSarah Winnemucca’s responsecalled attention to problemscalled attention to problemsmade speeches; participated in political activitiesmade speeches; participated in political activities

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Assimilation attemptsAssimilation attemptsestablishment of reservationsestablishment of reservationscreation of Indian schoolscreation of Indian schoolspassage of the Dawes Actpassage of the Dawes Act

Section 1: War in the WestSection 1: War in the West

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did the U.S. government promote economic How did the U.S. government promote economic

development in the West?development in the West?Why did people migrate west?Why did people migrate west?How did the environment influence farming How did the environment influence farming

practices and daily life in the West?practices and daily life in the West?What difficulties did farm families face on the What difficulties did farm families face on the

Great Plains?Great Plains?

Section 2: Western FarmersSection 2: Western Farmers

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Promotion of economic developmentPromotion of economic developmentHomestead Act permitted any citizen or intended Homestead Act permitted any citizen or intended

citizen to have 160 acres of land.citizen to have 160 acres of land.Pacific Railway Act gave lands to railroad Pacific Railway Act gave lands to railroad

companies to develop the transcontinental railroad.companies to develop the transcontinental railroad.Morrill Act provided more than 17 million acres of Morrill Act provided more than 17 million acres of

land whose sale was to finance agricultural and land whose sale was to finance agricultural and engineering colleges.engineering colleges.

Section 2: Western FarmersSection 2: Western Farmers

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Migration westMigration west White Americans sought cheaper lands or wanted to White Americans sought cheaper lands or wanted to

make a new start.make a new start. African Americans wanted to escape persecution in the African Americans wanted to escape persecution in the

South.South. Scandinavians had “America Fever.”Scandinavians had “America Fever.” Irish moved west after building railroads.Irish moved west after building railroads. Russian Mennonites moved after Russian czar ended Russian Mennonites moved after Russian czar ended

their exemption from military service.their exemption from military service. Chinese came during Gold Rush and turned to farming.Chinese came during Gold Rush and turned to farming.

Section 2: Western FarmersSection 2: Western Farmers

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

EnvironmentalEnvironmental influenceinfluenceLack of water and strong winds led to dry farming Lack of water and strong winds led to dry farming

and irrigation.and irrigation.Lack of trees led to use of buffalo manure as fuel Lack of trees led to use of buffalo manure as fuel

and building material.and building material.Harsh winters led to use of new varieties of wheat Harsh winters led to use of new varieties of wheat

that withstood the weather.that withstood the weather.

Section 2: Western FarmersSection 2: Western Farmers

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Difficulties for farm familiesDifficulties for farm familiespoor housingpoor housingblizzards and cold weatherblizzards and cold weatherdroughtsdroughtsinsects insects prairie firesprairie firesbackbreaking workbackbreaking work

Section 2: Western FarmersSection 2: Western Farmers

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:How did cattle and sheep ranching develop in How did cattle and sheep ranching develop in

the West?the West?What was life like for cowboys and residents of What was life like for cowboys and residents of

cattle towns?cattle towns?What were ranches like?What were ranches like?Why did the cattle boom on the open range end?Why did the cattle boom on the open range end?

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Development of cattle ranchingDevelopment of cattle ranchingintroduction of the Texas longhornintroduction of the Texas longhornexpansion of eastern beef marketexpansion of eastern beef market

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Development of sheep ranchingDevelopment of sheep ranchingintroduced by Spanishintroduced by Spanishalso done by American Indiansalso done by American Indiansmarket expansion sparked by Gold Rushmarket expansion sparked by Gold Rush

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Cowboy lifeCowboy lifedemanding working conditionsdemanding working conditionsisolationisolationtrail drivestrail drives

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Town lifeTown lifebusy from spring to fall from cattle drivesbusy from spring to fall from cattle drivesbusinesses attracted by the money that cowboys businesses attracted by the money that cowboys

received at end of drivereceived at end of drivefamilies followed businessesfamilies followed businesses

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

RanchesRancheshard work for both gendershard work for both genderslonelylonelycentered around roundupcentered around roundup

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

End of the cattle boomEnd of the cattle boomcattle glutcattle glutinvention of barbed wireinvention of barbed wiredepletion of grassdepletion of grassbad weatherbad weather

Section 3: The Cattle BoomSection 3: The Cattle Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Objectives:Objectives:What role did mining play in bringing more What role did mining play in bringing more

people west?people west?How did the arrival of families change life in How did the arrival of families change life in

mining camps?mining camps?Why did large companies take over most mining Why did large companies take over most mining

operations, and how did this change the lives of operations, and how did this change the lives of miners?miners?

Section 4: The Mining BoomSection 4: The Mining Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Role of miningRole of miningMining attracted people to the West by presenting Mining attracted people to the West by presenting the possibility of great wealth.the possibility of great wealth.

Section 4: The Mining BoomSection 4: The Mining Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Arrival of familiesArrival of familiesFamilies brought stability and transformed Families brought stability and transformed

temporary towns into permanent ones.temporary towns into permanent ones.Families brought law and order.Families brought law and order.Families established churches, newspapers, Families established churches, newspapers,

schools, and cultural establishments.schools, and cultural establishments.

Section 4: The Mining BoomSection 4: The Mining Boom

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24

The American NationThe American NationHOLTHOLT

IN THE MODERN ERAIN THE MODERN ERA

Takeover by large companiesTakeover by large companiesIt was expensive to mine the deep, less accessible It was expensive to mine the deep, less accessible

deposits.deposits.Technology rather than luck required to locate Technology rather than luck required to locate

deposits.deposits.Miners became laborers for corporations rather than Miners became laborers for corporations rather than

self-employed individuals.self-employed individuals.Working conditions in mines were dangerous.Working conditions in mines were dangerous.Some miners formed unions to get better wages and Some miners formed unions to get better wages and

working conditions.working conditions.

Section 4: The Mining BoomSection 4: The Mining Boom