World War I

WORLD WAR IMrs. SeaboltWorld History

Other names Great War War to end all wars

Causes of WWI

Causes of WWINationalismAlliancesCompetition

Imperialism Militarism

Assassination of Arch Duke Ferdinand

Underlying Causes of WWI Nationalism

loyalty and devotion to a nation ; especially : a sense of national consciousness exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests.

Nationalism• Austria/Hungary-1 Country ruled by the

Hapsburgs

• With many different cultures and ethnicities who wanted popular sovereignty

Alliances• Countries make “deals” with one another

to come to the other country's aid when threatened.

• Triple Entente, which included Great Britain, France, and Russia. Became the ALLIED POWERS

•

Triple Alliance, which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. ALL BUT ITALY BECAME THE CENTRAL POWERS

Alliances

Competition Imperialism-Countries were competing

for resources in colonies. Militarism• Glorification of the military• Nations started expanding their military• Greater technology of weapons• WWI Firsts — History.com Video

Deadly Technology of World War I

Quick Study: Deadly Technology of World War I

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Military Strength, 1914CHART

Chart: Military Strength 1914

Immediate Start of the War• Chain reaction

• Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand– Visiting Sarajevo, Bosnia– Ethnic Serb who thought Bosnia

should be free shot the Archduke & his wife Sophie

– Austria-Hungary demanded the Serbs give up the murderers-DENIED!

– Russia (allied with Serbia) declared war on Austria -Hungary

– Germany (allied with Austria Hungary) declares war on Russia

Then....– France (allied with Russia)declares war on

Germany– Germany declared war on Belgium to get to

France– Schlieffen Plan

– Great Britain (allied with France and Russia) declared war on Germany for invading Belgium

–BAM! WWI

Schlieffen Plan Germany thought Russia would take a

while to get troops together. Plan was to invade France through

neutral Belgium Basis of plan was to fight on one front at

time FAIL-Russia got it together quickly The Start of the Great War - YouTube

WWI Warfare

Battle Fronts for the Central Powers

Fighting battles on several fronts Western Front

France, Britain Eastern Front

Russia South

Romania Serbia

Other Places Dardanelle Strait Middle East Imperial colonies in Africa and the Pacific

Battle Fronts for the Central Powers

Ottoman Empire joins the Central Powers

Turks joined the Central Powers in late October 1914. The Turks then cut off crucial Allied supply lines to Russia through the Dardanelles, a vital strait connecting the Black Sea and the Mediterranean.

Called the battle of Gallipoli

Allies Launch Disastrous Attack at Gallipoli — History.com Video

Arab Front T. E. Lawrence—

later known as Lawrence of Arabia fought for the Allied Powers for the British

History's Raiders: The Adventures of Lawrence of Arabia — History.com Video

Stalemate• Trench

Warfare• Western

Front-Main areas of battle

• But Germany was fighting on several fronts

Winning the War

Waging Total War Total War-the channeling of a nation’s

entire resources into a war effort

Total War Conscription-Draft-

requiring all young men to be ready for service

Total WarPropaganda-is the

spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause.

Total War Money-

1. Governments raised taxes and borrowed huge amounts of money

2. Rationed Food and Supplies

Total WarWomen took over

jobs for men, became nurses.

Women of War — History.com Video

Total WarInternational law allowed wartime blockades to

confiscate contraband, or military supplies and raw materials needed to make military supplies, but not items such as food and clothing.

United States and WWI• Wilson Urges Neutrality

– “impartial in thought as well as action”– He did not want cultures in our diverse

nation to have conflict, but immigrants supported their homeland

– Most Americans sided with Britain and France because of our similar culture (English Speaking) and history(France supported us in during the Revolutionary War)

American's Different Opinions

• Germany's attack on neutral Belgium made most people mad

• 3 Opinions Forms– Isolationists-war was none of our

business– Interventionalist- we should intervene

and help the Allies– Internationalists- do not enter the war,

but try to negotiate a peace-this was Woodrow Wilson

Britain Blockade • British Navy blockade of goods to

Germany– Contraband-goods used to fight a war– Britain expanded the definition of

contraband to include everything, even against international law

• German response– Began sinking Allied ships with U-Boats, or

submarines

German U-BoatTRANSPARENCY

Sinking of the Lusitania• Germans sink a passenger ship called

the Lusitania on May 17, 1915 off the coast of Ireland– Germans claimed the boat was carrying

ammunition– US condemned Germany for not giving

warning to the ship so passengers could escape, but still did not enter the war

• Germany did warn travelers

Germany's Promises• After sinking the Lusitania, Germany

promises the U.S. They will not sink any more passenger ships

• By 1916, the promise was broken by the sinking of the French ship Sussex

• Once again, Germany promises not to do it again with the “Sussex Pledge”

Wilson Hopes to stay out of the War

• Wilson wins the 1916 Presidential Election

• Slogan “He kept us out of war!”

America Enters the War Germany announces

“unrestricted submarine warfare”

Zimmerman Note the British intercepted a

message from the German foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann, to his ambassador in Mexico. In the note, Zimmermann authorized his ambassador to propose that Germany would help Mexico “to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona” in return for Mexican support against the United States.

America Enters the War The American’s entrance

into the war gives added moral boost, troops and money to win the war

William II resigns The new German

government sought an armistice, or agreement to end fighting, with the Allies. At 11 a.m. on November 11, 1918, the Great War at last came to an end.

Note Taking: Reading Skill: Identify Causes

Wilson’s Fourteen Points Fourteen Points, a list of his terms for resolving

this and future wars. freedom of the seas free trade large-scale reductions of arms an end to secret treaties self-determination for Eastern Europe, the right of

people to choose their own form of government. creation of a “general association of nations” to

keep the peace in the future. (League of Nations)

Paris Peace ConferenceDifferent Goals for Peace

FRANCE Georges

Clemenceau

to weaken Germany so that it could never again threaten France

ENGLAND UNITED STATES David Lloyd

George to build a

postwar Britain “fit for heroes”—a goal that would cost money.

.

Woodrow Wilson

“peace without victory” based on the Fourteen Points

Treaty of Versailles Germany assumes all blame Germany pays for the costs of the war

called reparations Limited Germany’s military returned Alsace and Lorraine to France removed hundreds of square miles of

territory from western and eastern Germany

stripped Germany of its overseas colonies

Outcome of Peace Settlements Self-Determination in Eastern Europe

Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, and Hungary

The Mandate System Self Determination not applied to European colonies Colonies in Africa, Japan, Australia and Pacific would

be territories administered by Western powers League of Nations Formed

US did not join Germany would harbor bad feelings that

will lead to another world war…..