Georgia High Georgia High School Graduation School Graduation Test Tutorial Test Tutorial World History from World History from World War I to World War World War I to World War II (SSWH16-18) II (SSWH16-18) (SSUSH19) (SSUSH19)
Georgia High School Georgia High School Graduation Test TutorialGraduation Test Tutorial
World History from World History from World War I to World War II World War I to World War II (SSWH16-18) (SSUSH19)(SSWH16-18) (SSUSH19)
Causes of World War ICauses of World War I1. Balkan Nationalism1. Balkan Nationalism
Causes of World War ICauses of World War I2. Entangled Alliances2. Entangled Alliances
Causes of World War ICauses of World War I
3. Militarism3. Militarism• Arms races between nationsArms races between nations• Built up to intimidate other nationsBuilt up to intimidate other nations• Russian army had over 1,000,000Russian army had over 1,000,000• Germany and France had 900,000 Germany and France had 900,000
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Conditions on the Front in WWIConditions on the Front in WWI
1.1. New Weapons UtilizedNew Weapons Utilized• Machine GunsMachine Guns• Poison gas (Mustard Gas)Poison gas (Mustard Gas)• Tanks Tanks • Airplanes (Dog Fighting)Airplanes (Dog Fighting)
2.2. Trench WarfareTrench Warfare• ““No Man’s Land”No Man’s Land”• Disease and influenzaDisease and influenza
Effects of World War IEffects of World War I Treaty of VersaillesTreaty of Versailles
-Establishment of -Establishment of League of NationsLeague of Nations-German -German reparations reparations • Mandate System –British and FrenchMandate System –British and French
WWI - End of EmpiresWWI - End of Empires Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany & Austria)Hapsburg Dynasty (Germany & Austria) Romanov’s Romanov’s (Russian Czars)(Russian Czars) Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire (Middle East)(Middle East)
Family of Czar Nicholas II –last of the Romanov Rulers of Russia
The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution 1917—Workers revolt 1917—Workers revolt
against the Czar --against the Czar --Bolsheviks take over Bolsheviks take over Russia and begin a Russia and begin a socialist system under socialist system under Vladimir LeninVladimir Lenin. . Allied countries (Great Allied countries (Great Britain, France, Japan Britain, France, Japan and the United States) and the United States) send troops to support send troops to support anti-communist anti-communist forces, but communist forces, but communist forces eventually forces eventually prevail. prevail.
The Soviet UnionThe Soviet Union 1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet 1922 --Lenin establishes the Soviet
Union (USSR) Union (USSR)
The Rise of Joseph StalinThe Rise of Joseph Stalin 1924—Lenin dies– 1924—Lenin dies–
Several leaders Several leaders struggle for power struggle for power including Leon Trotsky including Leon Trotsky and and Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin. .
Eventually, Stalin Eventually, Stalin seizes power and seizes power and becomes a dictator becomes a dictator over USSR—imposing over USSR—imposing a totalitarian state.a totalitarian state.
He begins a He begins a Five Five Year Plan Year Plan to increase to increase industrialization and industrialization and collectivize agriculture collectivize agriculture in the Soviet Union.in the Soviet Union.
The Red ScareThe Red Scare After the Russian Revolution, fear of a After the Russian Revolution, fear of a
similar revolution in the United States by similar revolution in the United States by communists from Russia led to a period communists from Russia led to a period known as the known as the Red ScareRed Scare. .
Attempted assassinations of Attorney Attempted assassinations of Attorney General Mitchell Palmer and John D. General Mitchell Palmer and John D. Rockefeller led to the Rockefeller led to the Palmer Raids—Palmer Raids—in in which suspected communists were which suspected communists were arrested and more than 500 immigrants arrested and more than 500 immigrants deported.deported.
This led to increase fear of immigrants and This led to increase fear of immigrants and restrictions on immigrationrestrictions on immigration were were passed by Congress.passed by Congress.
New Leaders EmergeNew Leaders Emerge In Italy, a new fascist In Italy, a new fascist
government emerged government emerged in 1922 under in 1922 under Benito Benito MussoliniMussolini. He rose to . He rose to power using power using propaganda, brutality, propaganda, brutality, and intimidation—and intimidation—promoting an ultra-promoting an ultra-nationalist Italy and nationalist Italy and himself as himself as Il Duce (“the Il Duce (“the Leader”)Leader”)..
Fascism in GermanyFascism in Germany
In 1921, In 1921, Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler took took control of the National control of the National Socialist German Worker’s Socialist German Worker’s Party—better known as the Party—better known as the NazisNazis..
He became chancellor of He became chancellor of Germany in 1933 and Germany in 1933 and eventually claimed the title eventually claimed the title Fuhrer (guide of Germany)Fuhrer (guide of Germany) and established himself as and established himself as dictator over the dictator over the Third Third Reich.Reich.
Leadership in JapanLeadership in Japan Japanese Japanese Emperor Emperor
Hirohito Hirohito began his began his reign in Japan in 1926. reign in Japan in 1926. He did not exercise He did not exercise absolute control over absolute control over the government. the government.
Instead, an army Instead, an army general, general, Hideki TojoHideki Tojo, , assumed the role of assumed the role of Japan’s premier –Japan’s premier –leading it through leading it through World War II.World War II.
Authoritarian Government Authoritarian Government and Totalitarianismand Totalitarianism
Authoritarian Government is ruled by a Authoritarian Government is ruled by a single person or party interested in single person or party interested in political power.political power.
Totalitarianism is a government which Totalitarianism is a government which seeks to control not only political power, seeks to control not only political power, but the economy, culture, and social life. but the economy, culture, and social life.
These governments often use terror and These governments often use terror and fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling fear--utilizing propaganda and controlling access to information such as the press access to information such as the press and education. (Examples: Italy, and education. (Examples: Italy, Germany, & USSR)Germany, & USSR)
Aggression in AsiaAggression in Asia 1931—Japan 1931—Japan
Invades ManchuriaInvades Manchuria Japan leaves the Japan leaves the
League of NationsLeague of Nations By 1938, Japan has By 1938, Japan has
control of major control of major cities along cities along Chinese coastChinese coast
German ExpansionGerman Expansion Hitler begins rebuilding German military Hitler begins rebuilding German military
and marches troops into the Rhineland and marches troops into the Rhineland (lost in WWI)(lost in WWI)
Germany annexes Austria and claims parts Germany annexes Austria and claims parts of the Sudetenlandof the Sudetenland
Great Britain and France pursue policy of Great Britain and France pursue policy of appeasementappeasement—rather than challenge —rather than challenge Hitler’s aggressionHitler’s aggression
In 1939, In 1939, Hitler invades PolandHitler invades Poland Britain and France declare war on Britain and France declare war on
Germany—thus beginning Germany—thus beginning World War IIWorld War II
The HolocaustThe Holocaust Hitler’s policy of Nazi racism Hitler’s policy of Nazi racism
targeted Jewish people and targeted Jewish people and fed on European fed on European anti-anti-semitism semitism
Hitler viewed Jews as a Hitler viewed Jews as a national enemy and began national enemy and began implementing his implementing his Final Final SolutionSolution—elimination of —elimination of Jewish people by sending Jewish people by sending them to concentration camps them to concentration camps as slave laborers and then as slave laborers and then executing them in gas executing them in gas chamberschambers
The extermination of nearly 6 The extermination of nearly 6 million Jews, as well as million Jews, as well as Gypsies, Slavs, and other Gypsies, Slavs, and other people deemed undesirable people deemed undesirable came to be known as came to be known as the the HolocaustHolocaust
World War II --1940World War II --1940 April, 1940--Germany Invades Denmark April, 1940--Germany Invades Denmark
and Norwayand Norway May, 1940 – Germany takes control of May, 1940 – Germany takes control of
Belgium, Netherlands, and FranceBelgium, Netherlands, and France July-October, 1940 – Battle of Britain, July-October, 1940 – Battle of Britain,
German planes bomb Britain in German planes bomb Britain in “blitzkriegs” (night air raids). “blitzkriegs” (night air raids).
British Royal Air Force help fight off British Royal Air Force help fight off German air assault and prevent invasion. German air assault and prevent invasion.
Axis PowersAxis Powers 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an 1940,Germany, Italy and Japan form an
alliance known as the alliance known as the Axis PowersAxis Powers
US Neutrality before World War IIUS Neutrality before World War II
1935— 1935— Neutrality ActNeutrality Act passed by passed by Congress to stay out of European Congress to stay out of European conflictsconflicts
1940 -- U.S. imposes 1940 -- U.S. imposes embargo embargo on on Japan after its invasion of ChinaJapan after its invasion of China
March, 1941– Congress passes March, 1941– Congress passes Lend-Lease Act Lend-Lease Act to allow President to allow President
Roosevelt to send aid to Great BritainRoosevelt to send aid to Great Britain
Japan attacks Pearl HarborJapan attacks Pearl Harbor Dec. 7Dec. 7thth 1941—Japan launches surprise 1941—Japan launches surprise
attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, attack on U.S. Pacific Fleet at Pearl Harbor, HawaiiHawaii
U.S. joins Allies in World War IIU.S. joins Allies in World War II After Pearl Harbor, After Pearl Harbor,
the U.S. declares the U.S. declares war on Japan and war on Japan and joins Allies (Great joins Allies (Great Britain, USSR, and Britain, USSR, and French resistance) French resistance) against the Axis against the Axis PowersPowers
Domestic Wartime Policies of USDomestic Wartime Policies of US
Roosevelt establishes Roosevelt establishes War Production War Production Board Board –redirecting production of civilian –redirecting production of civilian consumer goods to war materialsconsumer goods to war materials
Revenue for funding the war was Revenue for funding the war was generated through generated through withholding income tax withholding income tax from paychecks and selling from paychecks and selling war bondswar bonds
The Government began The Government began rationingrationing of of resources—such as tires and food itemsresources—such as tires and food items
Women join domestic war effortWomen join domestic war effort Many women filled Many women filled
industrial jobs that industrial jobs that had been held by had been held by men who were sent men who were sent overseas overseas
A popular symbol A popular symbol of these women of these women was was Rosie the Rosie the RiveterRiveter
Suspicion of Germans, Italians and Suspicion of Germans, Italians and Japanese in U.S.Japanese in U.S.
Since the U.S. was Since the U.S. was at war with these at war with these countries, suspicion countries, suspicion of citizens with of citizens with origins in Germany, origins in Germany, Italy and Japan led Italy and Japan led to their removal to to their removal to remote remote internment internment campscamps..
Allied Powers meet at TehranAllied Powers meet at Tehran In 1943, leaders of In 1943, leaders of
the three major the three major Allied Powers Allied Powers (Churchill—Britain, (Churchill—Britain, Roosevelt--US, Roosevelt--US, Stalin-- USSR) Stalin-- USSR) met in the met in the Tehran Tehran Conference Conference to to discuss plans for discuss plans for defeating Germanydefeating Germany
D-DayD-Day At Tehran, the At Tehran, the
leaders planned an leaders planned an amphibious invasion amphibious invasion of Normandy of Normandy (occupied by Nazis) (occupied by Nazis) named named Operation Operation Overlord –Overlord –headed headed by supreme allied by supreme allied commander Dwight commander Dwight D. EisenhowerD. Eisenhower
The Yalta ConferenceThe Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Churchill Roosevelt, Churchill
and Stalin met in and Stalin met in February, 1945 at the February, 1945 at the Yalta ConferenceYalta Conference to to discuss plans of discuss plans of dividing up Europe dividing up Europe anticipating the defeat anticipating the defeat of Germanyof Germany
Germany was divided Germany was divided and most of Eastern and most of Eastern Europe was controlled Europe was controlled by the Soviet Unionby the Soviet Union
The Potsdam ConferenceThe Potsdam Conference The Allied leaders met The Allied leaders met
after the defeat of after the defeat of Germany in July,1945 at Germany in July,1945 at the the Potsdam ConferencePotsdam Conference to discuss plans for to discuss plans for defeating Japan and its defeating Japan and its unconditional surrender unconditional surrender
President Truman (who President Truman (who succeeded Roosevelt after succeeded Roosevelt after his death) learned of the his death) learned of the successful tests of the successful tests of the Atomic bomb while at the Atomic bomb while at the conferenceconference
The Atomic BombThe Atomic Bomb Led by Robert Oppenheimer, Led by Robert Oppenheimer,
the the Manhattan Project Manhattan Project successfully produced two successfully produced two Atomic bombs at Atomic bombs at Los Los Alamos, Alamos, New Mexico (called New Mexico (called Fat Man and Little Boy)Fat Man and Little Boy)
On August 6On August 6thth, 1945 a B-29 , 1945 a B-29 bomber called the bomber called the Enola Gay Enola Gay dropped the first Atomic dropped the first Atomic bomb on bomb on Hiroshima, JapanHiroshima, Japan
Three days later, a second Three days later, a second bomb exploded over bomb exploded over NagasakiNagasaki
Japan surrendered on August Japan surrendered on August 1414thth, 1945—thus ending World , 1945—thus ending World War II and beginning the War II and beginning the Atomic AgeAtomic Age