World Tb Day24th March

7/28/2019 World Tb Day24th March

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World TB Day is March 24. This

annual event commemorates

the date in 1882 when Dr.

Robert Koch announced hisdiscovery ofMycobacterium

tuberculosis, the bacteria that

cause tuberculosis (TB)


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In 1982, on the one-hundredth anniversary of

Dr Koch's presentation,

the International Union

against Tuberculosis and

Lung Disease (IUATLD)

proposed that March 24

be proclaimed as anofficial World TB Day.


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TB" is short for tuberculosis.TB disease is caused by abacterium calledMycobacterium tuberculosis.

The bacteria usually attackthe lungs, but TB bacteria canattack any part of the bodysuch as the kidney, spine, and

brain. If not treated properly,TB disease can be fatal.


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One-third of the 33 million peopleworldwide who are living with HIV/AIDS areco-infected with TB.

TB in HIV-positive people is almost certainto be fatal if undiagnosed or left untreated.

People who are infected with HIV are highly

susceptible to TB infection due to theirimmune systems inability to fight offdisease.

In general, while approximately 10 percentof those who become infected will developactive TB, HIV-positive people are 50 timesmore likely than HIV-negative people ofdeveloping the active form of the disease.


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Just as HIV heightens the risk of

developing active TB, so does TBaccelerate the progression of HIV intoAIDS. Without proper treatment,approximately 90 percent of HIV-positivepeople die of TB within months ofinfection.

TB and poverty come together toperpetuate a vicious cycle. Povertycontributes to the spread of tuberculosisas people are forced to share close livingquarters and are often in overall poorhealth. Simultaneously, costs associatedwith diagnosis and treatment createfurther hardship, both for patients andtheir families including their children.


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World TB Day is about

commemorating the lives

and stories of people that

are affected by TB and has

taken a treatment for it;nurses; doctors;

researchers; community

workers who has put in

global fight against TB.


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The government organizes Healtheducation campaigns to inform on the

importance of early diagnosis and

Regular treatment for the patients. A

screening programme to early detectthe disease is also organized. Various

other events like seminar and

exhibition on tuberculosis are held

with an aim to impart knowledge onall aspects of TB.


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TB is spread through the

air from one person toanother. The TB bacteria

are put into the air when

a person with active TB

disease of the lungs orthroat coughs, sneezes,

speaks, or sings. People

nearby may breathe in

these bacteria andbecome infected.


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The two conventional techniques used to

detect TB are acid-fast smearing and culturing.

All detection techniques use sputum samples.

Acid-fast smearing has very low sensitivity and

specificity, and cannot distinguish between

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (the bacterium

that causes TB) and other types of bacilli.

The culture technique, on the other hand, has

good specificity and sensitivity but typically

takes about three to six weeks to complete.


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The Global Plan toStop TB, 2006-2015

sets out the strategic

directions of the StopTB Partnership for the

decade 20062015.


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Sputum smear microscopy is an

essential tool of case-finding inTuberculosis control.Tuberculosis control, aiming atthe prevention of the

transmission of infection,imparts a clear priority to thesputum positives which are thesources of infection in thecommunity. Hence the need to

detect as many sputum positivesas possible


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WHO is working to

dramatically reduce theburden of TB, and halve

TB deaths and

prevalence by 2015,through its Stop TB

Strategy and supporting

the Global Plan to StopTB.


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WHO has developed a new six point StopTB Strategy which builds on the successes

of DOTS while also explicitly addressing

the key challenges facing TB. Its goal is to

dramatically reduce the global burden of

tuberculosis by 2015 by ensuring all TB

patients, including for example, those co-

infected with HIV and those with drug-

resistant TB, benefit from universal access

to high-quality diagnosis and patient-cantered treatment


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The strategy also supportsthe development of new

and effective tools to

prevent, detect and treatTB. The Stop TB Strategy

underpins the Stop TB

Partnership's Global Planto Stop TB 2006-2015.


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Bacteriology is one of the

fundamental aspects ofnational tuberculosis (TB)control programmes(NTP's).. Improvingsputum smear microscopy,the need to upgradeexisting laboratoryservices and strengthenand build capacity to

perform culture and drugsusceptibility testing (DST)are essential.


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Global policy guidance on appropriate

laboratory technology and best practices Laboratory advocacy and resource

mobilization

Laboratory capacity development andcoordination

Interface design with other laboratorynetworks to ensure appropriate integration

Standardized laboratory quality assurance

Coordination of technical assistance

Effective knowledge sharing

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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That someone in the world is newly

infected with TB bacilli every second? That one-third of the worldpopulation is currently infected byTB? That there are two deaths per three

minutes in India due to TB? That over six lakh Indians are

unaware that they suffer from TB? That every TB patient infects 10-15new persons on an average everyyear?

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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The first open air sanatorium for

treatment and isolation of TB patients in

India was founded in 1906 in Tiluania,near Ajmer, and then at Almora two

years later.

Dr Frimodt Moller a medicalsuperintendent, played a prominent role

in TB control in India. This included

training health workers, conducting

surveys and introducing BacillusCalmette Guerin (BCG) vaccination

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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India had switched over to theRevised National TB Control

(RNTBC) Programme, which

concentrates on the personal

attention of the health staff on

each TB patient. Thus, India

hopes to cut down TB

prevalence and death rate byhalf, by the year 2015.


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In India today, two deathsoccur every three minutesfrom tuberculosis (TB). But

these deaths can beprevented. With propercare and treatment, TBpatients can be cured and

the battle against TB canbe won


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The WHO-recommendedDirectly ObservedTreatment, Short Course(DOTS) strategy waslaunched formally as RevisedNational TB Control

programme in India in 1997after pilot testing from 1993-1996. Since then DOTS hasbeen widely advocated and

successfully applied. ....

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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Controlling TB in India is a tremendouschallenge. The TB burden in India is still

staggering. Every year, 1.8 millionpersons develop the disease, of whichabout 800,000 are infectious; and, untilrecently, 370,000 died of it annually 1,000 every day. The disease is a major

barrier to social and economicdevelopment. An estimated 100million workdays are lost due toillness. Society and the country alsoincur a huge cost due to TBnearlyUS$ 3 billion in indirect costs and US$300 million in direct costs.


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India now has the second largest

DOTS (Directly ObservedTreatment, Short course)

programme in the world. However,

India's DOTS programme is the

fastest expanding programme, andthe largest in the world in terms of

patients initiated on treatment,

placing more than 100,000

patients on treatment every

month.

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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Political and administrative

commitment.

Good quality diagnosis.

Good quality drugs. An

uninterrupted supply of good

quality anti-TB drugs

monitoring and accountability


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The quality assurance insputum microscopy under

RNTCP had been given a

prime place. Microscopy

has been an essential toolboth for the diagnosis and

follow up of the TB patients

particularly in the RNTCP

areas where declaring a

patient cured is dependent

on laboratory results


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Revised National TB Control

Programme and its recent progress in

DOTS expansion has been encouraging.

As per Global TB Report 2003, 2/3rd of

the additional sputum positive cases

reported under DOTS in 2001, werefound in India. In 2002, over 620,000

cases were placed on treatment of

which nearly 250,000 were new smear

positive cases. In the year 2003, morethan 900,000 cases were placed on

treatment.

Dr.T.V.Rao MD


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DOTS has been proven to

prevent the emergence ofMDRTB, and also to reverse the

incidence of MDRTB where it

has emerged. MDRTB is a

tragedy for individual patientsand a symptom of poor TB

management. The best way to

confront this challenge is to

improve TB treatment and

implement DOTS.


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Better TB diagnostics that are rapid, practical and

accurate in resource-poor settings are critical toensuring that people receive proper and timelytreatment.

New TB drugs that will shorten treatment, beeffective against susceptible and resistant strains,be compatible with antiretroviral therapies usedfor HIV/AIDS and that will improve treatment oflatent infection will dramatically improve TBtreatment and control

A new vaccine that is both effective and safe forchildren, adolescents and adults, including people

infected with HIV will decrease TB incidenceoverall and, along with an effective drug therapy,could eventually control the disease.


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The development of the Research

Movement was mandated in 2006 bythe Stop TB Partnership Coordinating

Board and WHO's TB advisory body.

The increasing recognition of the

importance of TB research is reflectedby the incorporation of the need to

enable and promote research as a key

element of WHO's new Stop TB

Strategy (launched in 2006).


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World Tb Day24th March

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