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CHAPTER FIVEThe Classical Period:
Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E.
World Civilizations, The Global Experience AP* Edition, 5th Edition
Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert
Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman
*AP and Advanced Placement are registered trademarks of The College Entrance Examination Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Expansion and IntegrationII. Beyond the Classical CivilizationsIII. Decline in India and ChinaIV. Decline and Fall in RomeV. The New Religious Map
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
I. Expansion and Integration
SynthesisConfucius (ca. 551–478 B.C.E.), LaoziBuddha (ca. 566–480 B.C.E.)Socrates (ca. 469–399 B.C.E.)
Unification of territorypolitical, legal, commercial networkssocial aspect
inequalitiesuprisings
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
Independent developmentsc. 600 C.E.
A. Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper Nile Region
Kushby 1000 B.C.E.
Axumconquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.
Ethiopiaconquest of Axum
Trade with Mediterraneansome converts to JudaismChristianity by 300 C.E.
West Africasouthern fringe of Sahararegional kingdomsGhana
Egypt, Kush and Axum
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
Independent developmentsc. 600 C.E.
A. Sub-Saharan AfricaUpper Nile Region
Kushby 1000 B.C.E.
Axumconquers Kush by 300 B.C.E.
Ethiopiaconquest of Axum
Trade with Mediterraneansome converts to JudaismChristianity by 300 C.E.
West Africasouthern fringe of Sahararegional kingdomsGhana
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
B. Asia
Japanagriculture well-established by 200 C.E.regional states, c. 300 C.E.writing introduced 400 C.E.Shintoism
organized by 700 C.E.state formation by 600 C.E.
East Asia at the End of the Classical Period
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
C. Northern EuropeGermanic, Celtic, Slavic peoples
loose kingdomsoral culturesimple agriculturesailinganimistic
Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
D. Central America
Olmec, c. 800–400 B.C.E.no writingpyramidsagriculture
especially cornpotatoes in Andes
domestication of animalsturkeys, dogs
calendarslegacy to successor cultures
TeotihuacanMaya
from 400 C.E.
Civilizations of Central and South America
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
II. Beyond the Classical Civilizations
E. South AmericaAncestors of Inca
Peru, Bolivia
F. PolynesiaIsolationFiji, Samoa by 1000 B.C.E.Hawaii by 400 C.E.
G. NomadsCentral Asia
Asia to Middle East trade
The Spread of Polynesian Peoples
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Decline in India and China
A. ChinaHan Dynasty
decline ca. 100 C.E.Daoist revival
Yellow Turbans
EpidemicsSui DynastyTang
from 618 C.E.Continuity
Asia, c. 600 C.E.
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
III. Decline in India and China
B. IndiaInvasions from 600 C.E.
Gupta empire destroyedFragmentation
Rajput
Buddhism declines
Hinduismworship of Devi popular
Islamfrom 7th centurycontrol of Indian Ocean
Indian Ocean Trading Routes in the Classical Period
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome
A. Changes
Leadershipweak emperors
Plagues
Change from republican valueshedonism
Diocletian (284–305 C.E.)emperor worship
Constantine (312–337 C.E.)Constantinople
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome
B. Two Empires
EasternGreekConstantinoplecontinuity, vigor> Byzantine Empire
WesternLatin, GermanicRomedecline, vulnerable> Western Europe
Justinian (527–565 C.E.)Justinian Code
Germanic Kingdoms After the Invasions
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
IV. Decline and Fall in Rome
C. Middle EastParthian Empire
Sassanidsfrom 227 C.E.Zoroastrianism
D. North AfricaAugustine
bishop of HippoCoptic church
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
V. The New Religious Map
Common Featurespietyspiritual focusafterlifeemerge in period of political instability
A. Hinduism, Buddhism, and DaoismBuddhism
changes as it spreadsbodhisattvas
nirvanaMahayana
China, Korea, Japanminority religion
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
V. The New Religious Map
B. ChristianityInstitutional church
Roman influencepapacybishops
Jesus of NazarethSalvationSpread
Paul
Doctrinetrinity
MonasticismBenedict of Nursia
Rule
Womenspiritual equals of men
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Chapter 5: The Classical Period: Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E
Stearns et al., World Civilizations, The Global Experience, AP* Edition, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007
V. The New Religious Map
C. IslamLater, 7th century
D. The Spread of Major ReligionsAnimism declines
E. The World Around 500 C.E.