Page 1
www.nanomedicina.com.br
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Workshop de Capacitação em
Escrita Científica
Módulo 3
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto Laboratório de Nanomedicina e Nanotoxicologia
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, USP
USP, 2011
Organização: Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa - USP
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Workshop Outline
Modulo 1: O Gênero Literário
Seções de Um Artigo Científico
Módulo 2: Estrutura 1: Abstract
Módulo 3: Estrutura 2: Introduction
Módulo 4: Estrutura 3: Results and Discussion, Conclusion
Módulo 5: Estilo
Linguagem 1: Especificidade, Complexidade e Ambiguidade
Módulo 6: Linguagem 2: Redundâncias, Ação no Verbo, Fluidez de
Texto, Ritmo de Escrita
Módulo 7: Linguagem 3: Plain English, Escrever em Inglês, Preposições
Módulo 8: Linguagem 4: Topic Sentences, Cover Letters, Final Remarks
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Módulo 3
Estrutura 2:
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
1. Contextualization Present the research field and show the importance of the main area,
M3P1 Lang
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
1. Contextualization Present the research field and show the importance of the main area,
M3P8 Anal Chem
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
1. Contextualization Present the research field and show the importance of the main area,
M3P10 Int J Inf
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
2. State the Gap Open Questions, Restrictions and Limitations
M3P2 IEEE Sig Proc
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
2. State the Gap Open Questions, Restrictions and Limitations
M3P9 JACS
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
2. State the Gap Open Questions, Restrictions and Limitations
M3P8 Anal Chem
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
2. State the Gap Open Questions, Restrictions and Limitations
M3P11 SIAM J Comput
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
3. Show the State-of-the-Art Recent research and findings
Introduction
M3P8 Anal Chem
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
3. Show the State-of-the-Art Recent research and findings
M3P3 Int J Plast
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
4. State the importance of your study Evidencing Implications and/or Applications
M3P4 Nano Lett
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
4. State the importance of your study Evidencing Implications and/or Applications
Introduction
M3P12 IEEE T.E.C.
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
5. State the purpose of the paper
M3P5 Lang
M3P6 Lang
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
5. State the purpose of the paper
Introduction
M3P9 JACS
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
5. State the purpose of the paper
Introduction
M3P13 Human Comp Int
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
Usually for Computer Science-related areas
Introduction may be followed by additional Sections on:
- Problem Formulation
- Related Work
- Case Studies
-Relevant, Specific Topics
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Structure
Information in the text flows from General
to Specific, arriving at purpose.
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Contextualization
Purpose
General
Specific
Your Field
Your work
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
“Afunilando” o fluxo de idéias….
M3P7 Nano Lett
Introduction
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
The citation process:
Authors cite to prove where the ideas came from
Authors DO NOT cite to show where the text
came from!!!
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Emphasis on the study:
“Previous studies [Ref] have described the influence of grain
size on the ultimate properties of the polymer…. ”
“A detailed description of the method employed can be
found in ref [ref]....”
Emphasis on the Author:
“A similar strategy has been used by Franco et al [R]....
(first author of the paper)”
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Do not discuss the Methodologies and techniques
Materials and Methods;
Unless in the case you are using a novel
technique or methodology:
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
-Contextualization and Gap: Past, present-perfect
(continuous) generally used.
-Purpose: Present or past tense are preferable.
-Use the active voice as much as possible.
-Third Person with some use of first person.
Style
Introduction
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Sources
John M. Swales, Genre Analysis: English in Academics and Research
Settings, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Rubner et al., Langmuir 2004, 20, 1362.
Patwari N. et al, IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 2005, p 54
Olek et al., Nano Lett., Vol. 4, 1889, (2004)
Lowman et al., Langmuir 2004, 20, 9791-9795
Podsiadlo et al., Nano Letters, 2008 , 8, 1762
Yoon et al., International Journal of Plasticity 27 (2011) 1165
Urselmann, et al., IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 15,
2011, 659
Borges et al., International Journal of Information Technology & Decision
Making, 9, 2010, 547.
Butcher et al., Human–Computer Interaction, 26, 2011,123.
King et al., SIAM J. Comput. 40, 1316, 2011
Page 28
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
www.nanomedicina.com.br
www.lnn.ifsc.usp.br
www.twitter.com/Nanomedicina
Instituto de Física de São Carlos - USP
Muito Obrigado
www.twitter.com/escreverartigos
www.twitter.com/writingpapers
Page 29
www.nanomedicina.com.br
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Workshop de Capacitação em
Escrita Científica
Módulo 4
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto Laboratório de Nanomedicina e Nanotoxicologia
Instituto de Física de São Carlos, USP
USP, 2011
Organização: Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa - USP
Page 30
www.nanomedicina.com.br
Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Workshop Outline
Modulo 1: O Gênero Literário
Seções de Um Artigo Científico
Módulo 2: Estrutura 1: Abstract
Módulo 3: Estrutura 2: Introduction
Módulo 4: Estrutura 3: Results and Discussion, Conclusion
Módulo 5: Estilo
Linguagem 1: Especificidade, Complexidade e Ambiguidade
Módulo 6: Linguagem 2: Redundâncias, Ação no Verbo, Fluidez de
Texto, Ritmo de Escrita
Módulo 7: Linguagem 3: Plain English, Escrever em Inglês, Preposições
Módulo 8: Linguagem 4: Topic Sentences, Cover Letters, Final Remarks
Page 31
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Módulo 4
Estrutura 3:
Results and Discussion, Conclusion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
The most important section of a paper
Results and Discussion
The section where you prove your initial question,
hypothesis, idea, etc.
Illustrative Materials (figures, tables, graphs, images),
Outcome of Calculations, and TEXT.
The way you write your achievements makes the whole
difference
Importance of figure Quality, Data Analyses and
Statistics
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Remember !!!!!!
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Introduction
(purpose)
Results and Discussion
(Key Results)
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Model/Structure for Results
and Discussion
????????
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
- Background / Importance
-Describe the outcomes of your research (figure, tables, graph, image, calculations, algorithm tests, etc)
* In computer Science-related areas this section is usually divided in a number
of specific subtopics .
- Interpretation
- Comparison
-Implications
A Tentative Model:
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 1
M4P2 Nano Lett
Results and Discussion
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
M4P3 Nature
Results and Discussion
Example 2
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
M4P6 JACS
Results and Discussion
Example 3
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
- Past tense;
- Third Person, preferably;
- Use active voice whenever possible.
-Subheadings may improve organization and
comprehension
Style
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Abbreviation:
“Figure” can be abbreviated as “Fig.” in the text, but
not in the legend.
“Table” is not abbreviated.
Numbering:
Figures and Tables are numbered independently.
Always consult the Journal’s Guide for Authors
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
The right place for captions
Always consult the Journal’s Guide for Authors
Tables: above, left justified.
Figures: below, left justified
Results and Discussion
Page 44
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Reach a balance between description of data in the
text and in the figure/table legend
Any reader must understand a Figure/Table without
reading the results section.
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Tips
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Do you really need a figure?
“ The thickness of the film was estimated at 10 nm per bilayer,
using AFM….”
“Seed production was higher for plants in the full-sun treatment
(52.3 +/-6.8 seeds) than for those receiving filtered light (14.7+/-
3.2 seeds)….”
Note: Always use a space between the value and the unit:
“The estimated length was 10 m", or, "the optimum time was
100 min."
Results and Discussion
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Function: To state the importance of the paper to
the development of the field.
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Ideas flowing from Specific to General.
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Conclusions
Key findings
Pyramidal Structure
Interpretation
Contribution to the field
Specific
General
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
1. State main findings
2.Interpretation of the main findings
A Suggested Model
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
3. Contributions/Progress to the field
4. Further Work (optional)
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
- Past and Present tense;
- Third Person, preferably;
Style
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Categorize the sentences in the following
conclusions sections:
Conclusions
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 1
M4P1 Nano Lett
Conclusions
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 2
M4P4 Mechatronics
Conclusions
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 3
M4P5 Nature Nanotech
Conclusions
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 4
M4P7 ACS Nano
Conclusions
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 5
Conclusions
M4P8 Human Comp Int
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 6
Conclusions
M4P9 Int J Inf
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Example 7
Conclusions
M4P10 IEEE T.E.C.
Supporting Material
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Sources
John M. Swales, Genre Analysis: English in Academics and Research
Settings, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Science Research Writing for Non-Native Speakers of English, Hilary
Glasman-Deal, Imperial College Press, 2009
Watson, JD, Crick, FHC, Nature, 171, 737, 1953.
Yu et al., Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4438
Brawand et al., Nature, 2011, 478, 343
W. Li et al. / Mechatronics 21 (2011) 1183
Cho et al., Nature Nanotechnology, 6, 2011, 675
Urselmann, et al., IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 15,
2011, 659
Borges et al., International Journal of Information Technology & Decision
Making, 9, 2010, 547.
Butcher et al., Human–Computer Interaction, 26, 2011,123.
Page 63
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Prof. Dr. Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
Valtencir Zucolotto [email protected]
www.nanomedicina.com.br
www.lnn.ifsc.usp.br
www.twitter.com/Nanomedicina
Instituto de Física de São Carlos - USP
Muito Obrigado
www.twitter.com/escreverartigos
www.twitter.com/writingpapers