WOCAT GLUES QT and QA - Leipzig Jan.2015

Kick-­off workshop GLUES-WOCAT 27-­29 January 2015

WOCAT METHODS AND TOOLS 1

For knowledge sharing and decision support;

Book and videos

Hanspeter Liniger and Rima Mekdaschi Studer

Centre for Development and Environment, CDE, University of Bern

Table of Content

1.The WOCAT network: who?

2.Aim of WOCAT: for what?

3.The WOCAT products and tools:

what and how?

WOCAT stands for:

WORLD

OVERVIEW OF

CONSERVATION

TECHNOLOGIES

APPROACHES AND

«learn from those who have done it»

WOCAT Network

WOCAT was founded in 1992 as an informal global network of soil and water conservation (SWC) specialists and was one of the first programmes to promote SWC/SLM in response to land degradation.

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DESIRE

LADA

Today: over 60 partner institutions worldwide (e.g. Ministries, Universities, International and UN organisations, NGOs)

formalized network WOCAT primary recommended database for UNCCD reporting on SLM best

practices

WOCAT formalized Network

reorganization 2014 institutional anchoring open consortium

August 2014:9 Consortium Partners signed WOCAT International Framework Agreement

Aim: Spread/ dissemination of SLM

• Promotion, awarness raising, networking and sharing

• Mainstreaming within institutions (up-scaling)

• Knowledge management and evidence for informed decision making

• Out-scaling and replication of good practices

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To improve human well-being, secure ESS, and protect the environment

Promotion, awareness raising, networking and sharing

• Conferences, meetings, workshops, round tables, CoPs, etc.

• WOCAT symposia and workshops• Promotion material: brochures, flyers, posters,

etc.• Videos (view at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-

base/slm-videos/general-slm-videos/category/thematic-video.html)

• Publications and peer reviewed papers (knowledge products)

• WOCAT global databases for Ts, As, mapping• In google earth• Video book: tablet prototype

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Awareness: On-site impacts & consequences

… dust storm Beijing… river dolphin (BD)… floods and droughts… poverty, food security, conflicts, …

we are all affected!!!

Awareness raising: on- and off-site benefits of SLM

Photos: H.P. Liniger

Source: WWF

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The Flood

Saving cow…

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Recognize SLM as key to…

• Food and Water Security

Food Security Biodiversity

Desertification

Climate Change

Water Scarcity

• DRR (floods and droughts) Adaptation to CC/extremes

• all 3 UN Conventions: Desertification, Climate Change and Biodiversity

Products

Books: online in different languages

Global / Regional: 4 National: 11

Peer reviewed papers e.g.: Schwilch G. et al. 2011. Experiences in Monitoring and Assessment of

Sustainable Land Management. Land Degradation & Development 22: 214-225.

Integration of methods and scales:> global, unified approach to the assessment and monitoring of SLM > help the UNCCD and other UN environmental conventions to monitor progress

View at: https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/documentation-analysis.html; http://issuu.com/wocat

In Google Earth…

Mainstreaming SLM within institutions (up-scaling)

E.g. ministries, NARS, Universities, etc.

•Using common knowledge management methods and tools for informed decision making•Capacity building and training•Fostering alliances and partnerships•Link implementation, research and education•‘Tailor made knowledge’: e.g. policy briefs•Policies, bylaws, national and regional action plans and strategies, investment frameworks,

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At national level:national soil strategy (South Africa)national action plans (Philippines)IWSM Policy Brief No. 1Integrated watershed management in Tajikistan

March 16, 2015

Reaching policy level

At international level:e.g. through UNCCD, CBD, UNFCCCCST contribution (proofing impacts/benefits)Video and public presentationsthrough FAO, IFAD, WB/TerrAfrica

Impacts on Human Wellbeing & Ecosystem Services - qualitative/quantitative - on- / offsite Water, productivity, carbon, biodiversity, costs/benefits …

Assessing

State, Response

DegradationConservation

Driver,Pressuree.g. Climate Change

Photos: H.P. Liniger

In research, education and training

Results: more data, development of methods, capacity building, …

Knowledge management

Standardized tools for documentation, impact assessment, evaluation and sharing of experiences

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Questionnaires on SLM technologies, approaches,mapping Instructional videos:

messages from land users

Database & query:500 Ts and 250 As from 50 countriesLD and SLM maps from 20 countries

Photo: H.P. Liniger

1 Approach: government Afforestation for Yellow River basin, supported by World Bank (PRC-GEF), …

What to implement? Decision Support

4 Technologies 4 Technologies

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

Where? Costs? Impacts? Food security? Combatting desertification, reducing floods/ DRR?

Adapted to climate change?

• Part I – Identification: Problems and possible solutionsStakeholder Workshop: land users, technicians, local politicians, …

• Part II – Assessment: Document and evaluate existing solutions(WOCAT database)

• Part III – Selection: Select the most promising SLM technologies and approaches

Approach: Involvement of all stakeholders

Decision support method

Key: Case study documentation: Questionnaires and Database

•comprises a SLM Approach and one or more SLM Technologies, •can cover any area from as little as one farmer’s field to entire catchments or districts.

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Knowledge-base for decision support

Questionnaires on SLM technologies, approaches, map

Documenting information from and with land users

Documenting SLM knowledge at field level

Entering data in questionnaire

Entering data in database

Computer data entry form

Standardized documentation of experiences

Approaches

Technologies

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What?How?

Where?

Costs?

Benefits?Impacts?

Technology: standardized 4 page summary

SLM Technologies

Natural and human environment

… economics

Impacts (on- / offsite)

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Key question: vulnerability / resilience to climate variability and extreme events?

WOCAT climate change module

Strengths and weaknesses

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SLM Technology (QT)

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SLM Technology

Definition:

‘agronomic, vegetative, structural and/or management measures that prevent and control land degradation and enhance productivity in the field’

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Illustrations / Photos

Compost production, and its application in planting pits (zai) by farmers

on fields near their homes.

Compost is produced in shallow pits, approximately 20 cm deep and 1.5 m by 3 m wide. During

November and December layers of chopped crop residues, animal dung and ash are heaped, as they

become available, up to 1.5 m high and watered.

QT p. 4

2.2.2.1 On which current land use type is the Technology applied?

Land use type(s) - subcategory(ies): agro-pastoral (usually one type, maximum two)

If land use has changed due to the implementation of the Technology, indicate land use type before and after:

Original land use (before implementation of SLM

Technology): .......................................................................................................................................

.

Future (final) land use (after implementation of SLM Technology) (if relevant):

........................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................................

2.2 Purpose and classification

QT p. 7

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C: Cropland: land used for cultivation of crops, including fallow (field crops, orchards):

• Ca: annual cropping• Cp: perennial non-woody cropping• Ct: perennial tree and shrub cropping

Land use types

G: Grazing land: land used for animal production:• Ge: extensive grazing land• Gi: intensive grazing land

F: Forests / woodlands: land used mainly for wood production, other forest products, recreation, protection:

• Fn: natural• Fp: plantations, afforestation • Fo: other (e.g. selective cutting of natural forests and

incorporating planted species).

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Land use types cont’d:

M: Mixed: mixture of land use types within the same land unit:

• Mf: agroforestry (cropland and forest) • Mp: agropastoralism (cropland and grazing land) • Ma: agrosilvopastoralism (cropland, grazing land and

forest)• Ms: silvopastoralism (forest and grazing land) • Mo: other

O: Other land: • Oi: mines and extractive industries, • Os: settlements, roads, infrastructure network, • Oo: others (wastelands, deserts, glaciers).

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Ranking categories

2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d

A SLM Technology consists of one or more SLM measures

belonging to the following categories:

QT p. 8

121

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Conservation / SLM measures

Liniger & Critchley /WOCAT2007+ Combinations

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2.2 Purpose and classification cont’d

Ha: aridification 1Pc: compaction 1Wt: loss of topsoil 2Cn: fertility decline and reduced OM 1

QT p. 9

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• W: Soil erosion by water

Land Degradation types

Source: WOCAT 2007

• E: Soil erosion by wind

• C: Chemical soil deterioration

• P: Physical soil deterioration

• B: Biological degradation

• H: Water degradation

2.7 Natural environment

• Average annual rainfall• Agro-climatic zone• Growing seasons per year• Altitude• Landforms• Slopes• Soil information - depth, texture, etc.• Water information – availability, quality, etc.• Biodiversity

QT p. 30-34

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2.7.5 Adaptation to climate variability

QT p. 31

2.8 Human environment and land use

• Land users applying technology• Population density• Land ownership / Land use and water use

rights• Significance of off-farm income• Access to services and infrastructure• Market orientation • Cropping system, size, etc. of production

systems (e.g. cropland, grazing land)

QT p. 35-41

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PART 3: Analysis

3.1 Impacts

QT p. 42

45

x

x

x

x

QT p. 48

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QT p. 50

Possibility of doubling cereal yields in

normal years: any surplus production can

be sold

Produce enough good

compost/manure.

Ensures yields in dry years, giving security

against drought and hunger

The modest quantity of compost applied is

not enough to replace the nutrients

extracted by the crops in the long term

Small amounts of nitrogen and phosphorous

fertiliser need to be added and crop rotation

practiced.

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SLM Approach

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What?How?

Decision making?

Approach: standardized 4 page summary

Incentives?

Benefits?Impacts?

SLM Approaches

… participation and decision making

… incentives, credits, training, tenure, …

… organisation and support …

PART 3: Concluding statements

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SLM Approach (QA)

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A ‘SLM Approach’ - as defined by WOCAT:

A SLM Approach defines the ways and means used to promote and implement a SLM Technology and to support it in achieving more sustainable soil and water use…

… including official projects/ programmes, indigenous systems, or changes in a farmland use system towards more sustainable land and water use.

SLM Approach

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PART 1: General Information

• Contributing SLM specialist(s) (1.1)

• Identification of SLM approach (1.2)

• Area Information (1.3)

1.2.4 Did the Approach concentrate / focus:- on conservation only - mainly on conservation with other activities - mainly on other activities

Give keywords for the other activities: .........................................................................................

QA p. 1

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Description, objectives and operation (2.1)• Organogram/ organization chart/ flow chart (2.1.2)

PART 2: Specification

QA p. 4

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2.1.5 Decision making

x

QA p. 8

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Questions on gender / disadvantaged groups

x

Differences in participation between men and women: There were great differences – in the beginning at least – when AFZ merely asked the men to ‘allow’ their wives to learn about composting. After two years, men started to participate in the training and eventually as many of them as women began to make and use compost. Another difference was in discussions, when men tended to dominate.

QA p. 11

How to register for WOCAT view at

https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/WOCAT_registration_process_en.pdf

WOCAT website and databases

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https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Methods/HowtoAccess_WOCAT_Database_en.pdf

https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/Mixed/HowtoNavigate_WOCAT_Database.pdf

How to access and navigate the database?

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Database: search and edit

View at https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/technologiesapproaches/database.html

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Videos: audio-visual messages

Overall objective

enhance existing WOCAT knowledge with video and new media for knowledge sharing in SLM

Specific objectives

give voice to land users

audio-visualize local and scientific SLM knowledge (informative and authentic)

share SLM knowledge between land users, planners and global community

highlight dependency of land users within watersheds

show land users' adaptations to changing environment

link local improvements with global concerns

General SLM documentary videos cover a certain topic in the field of SLM and can be used for•national TV broadcast and national SLM documentaries•conferences, events, trainings, etc.•eco-docs

Instructional videos serve as audiovisual guide for the implementation of SLM Technologies and Approaches

Short video clips on SLM Technologies and Approaches comprising short statements by land users regarding particular aspects of a SLM Technology or Approach.

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video sharing platformlink to the water channellink to access agriculture(https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html)

Videos: audio-visual messages contn’d

The Flood Saving cow…

SLM documentaries

Audio-visual messages from experiences to broad public and policy level

Aim

•raise awareness (we are all affected)

•support advocacy efforts for SLM

•broad dissemination and sharing of SLM knowledge

•link local to global levels

Documentaries:Filming procedure in 6 steps:

• Step 1: develop key messages and specifiy target group

• Step 2: develop storybord• Step 3: narrative: gather all necessary

information as spoken words.• Step 4: visualization: capture images to visualize

the narration, should be self-explanatory as much as possible.

• Step 5: additional information/conclusion• Step 6: B-roll footage: visual impressions, sound

tracks, …

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SLM instructional video

https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html

Aim

•show the implementation of a in WOCAT documented SLM practice from A to Z in +/- 10 minutes

•for possible replication by other land users

•… taking into consideration that local adaptations are needed

Audio-visual messages from land user to land user

SLM Instructional Video contn’d

Background Research and User Manual 2014

developed by WOCAT for IFAD; authors: Nicole Harari, Hanspeter Liniger and Roman Droux

https://www.wocat.net/fileadmin/user_upload/videos/Instructional_Videos_User_Manual.pdf

Instructional videos: in practice

Selection of SLM practices

Farm (-er) appraisal

Video structure, storyboard and interview (+/- 10 minutes):

1) a short introduction: introduction of the land user, contextualization and problem statement, 2) a main part: demonstration and explanations, and 3) a short conclusion and closure.

https://www.wocat.net/en/knowledge-base/slm-videos.html

Storyboard

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Draft Storyboard - SLM Technology

Scene No.

Timeline Narrative Visualization

1_intro: contextualization and problem statement

1_1 00:00- 01:00

introduction of protagonist location natural environment and regional context

protagonist in his/her farm wide angle shot of the area/farm and environment

option: aerial images 1_2 challenges and difficulties faced land use problems overview and

details

2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology

2_1 01:00-07:00 reason(s) for technology adoption source of idea/information transformation achieved

land and water degradation addressed (on- and off-site) comparison plot with/without technology

2_2 steps for implementation The single work steps have to be clearly divided in order to guarantee a thorough understanding of the steps to be undertaken! functionality and direct benefits source of material time and labour requested costs pitfalls challenges and adaptations

step by step construction of technology (close ups of material, tools, steps of operation etc.)

2_3 Resilience -adaptation to climate variability and change pests adaptation to extreme events, benefits for disaster risk reduction

comparison with/without technology

demonstration of location where technology prevented disaster

3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future

3_1 07:00-10:00 benefits achieved local and regional impacts (up- and downstream)

improvements/changes on the land, harvest

3_2 present and future benefits for the livelihood farm, family, harvest

Draft Storyboard - SLM Approach

Scene No.

Timeline Narrative Visualization

1_intro: contextualization and problem statement

1_1 00:00- 01:00

introduction of protagonist introduction of approach source of idea/information location natural environment and regional context

protagonist / involved stakeholders in relevant environment (group meeting, school etc.) wide angle shot of the area

option: aerial images

1_2 reasons for implementation of approach challenges and difficulties faced

land use problems addressed

2_ main explanations: functionality of approach

2_1 01:00-07:00 organizational set-up involved stakeholders strategies costs funding challenges

Relevant locations e.g. office, training centre, group meeting etc.

2_2 benefits comparison with/without approach

3_conclusion and closure: impacts, benefits and future

3_1 07:00-10:00 regional impacts (up- and downstream) area and environment, farms, land users

3_2 benefits for the livelihood future impacts

farms, families, harvest

serves as a guide for the whole team and includes all essential details of the shooting process

Interview questions for guidance

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Template Interview Questions - SLM Technology

1_intro: contextualization and problem statement

1_1 introduction protagonist and area

What is your name? Where are we? What is the natural environment here?

1_2 degradation problems What are the problems of land and water degradation you face in your farm, the village and in the region? What are the causes?

2_ demonstration and main explanations: implementation and functionality of technology

2_1 SLM technology and transformation

How do you call the technology you adopted here? Why did you adopt it? From where did you get the idea? Did you get any training on how to implement it? Did anybody help you? What are the objectives of the technology? What is the difference between a plot, where the technology was applied and one, where it wasn’t?

2_2 steps for implementation

What are the single steps you undertake to implement the technology?

functionality Once the technology is fully established, how does it function?

benefits What are the direct benefits on your land? How has the vegetation, the soil or the water quality and availability changed?

costs What are the total costs of implementation? What are the costs for the material and those for labour? Where are savings possible (e.g. by using cheaper material)? Who paid for it?

pitfalls, challenges and adaptations

What are some of the potential pitfalls and challenges? What are your suggestions to avoid or address them? What are possible adaptations in other areas/contexts?

2_3 resilience Does the technology help you to deal with variable rainfall, water stress, hotter or colder years and pest infestations? If yes, what are the benefits of the technology for your land and livelihood during these events?

disasters How does the SLM practice function during unexpected weather events (prolonged dry periods/droughts /heavy storms)? What are the benefits of the SLM practice for your land and livelihood during these events?

3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future

3_1 benefits and impacts What are the costs caused by land degradation? And what are the benefits of the technology? What are the benefits for your family and your family’s life? Which is the impact of the technology on your neighbours, neighbouring fields and villages? Which are the benefits for them if you apply the practice?

3_2 future What are the benefits of the introduction of the practice for your livelihood? What are the benefits for the future?

Template Interview Questions - SLM Approach

1_intro: contextualization and problem statement

1_1 introduction protagonist and approach

What is your name? Where are we? What is the name of the approach? When and how was it established?

1_2 degradation problems What is the purpose of the approach? Why was it implemented? What are the degradation problems in this area?

2_ main explanations: functionality of approach

functionality

How does the approach function? Who is involved and how? What are the costs? Who pays for it? What are the challenges? What are the direct benefits of the approach?

3_conclusion and closure: benefits, impacts and future

3_1 regional impacts Which is the impact of the approach on neighbours, neighbouring villages and communities? (spreading of the approach)

3_2 future What is the impact on the livelihoods of the involved stakeholders? What is the impact in the future? Future plans?

Filming procedure in 4 steps

• Step 1: narrative, the focus is on the explanation, the way of explaining, the use of simple wording and short sentences. All necessary information is gathered as spoken words.

• Step 2: visualization, the focus is on capturing all necessary visual details for a successful replication. Images should visualize the narration and be self-explanatory as much as possible.

• Step 3: additional information/conclusion• Step 4: B-roll footage

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Key issues for each RPs?

• Why another book? Why videos? what do I get out?• Contribution to selected global issues: CC Mitigation

(Carbon, GHG); CC Adaptation (DRR, Water, Food security, Biodiversity); Land use / cover change

• Selection of SLM Technologies and Approaches to be documented contributing to selected global issues?

• Proofing (with facts figures, models, …) watershed and landscape impacts (from on-site to offsite)? Comparing different land management practices

• Showing synergies and trade-offs (multi-functionality) • Role of research: e.g. value of modelling for decision support • Aim: joint and useful product for outreach! (define Target

group)