Wireless Communication

5th Module of Induction Program for OSEs.

Welcome to Self Learning Module

Wireless Communication

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Now we shall learn how to use this Self learning module?

This SLM is on wireless communication. This is a Self timed presentation; it will play on its

own. You can navigate the slides back & forth using the

buttons below. Click on this symbol below to repeat verbal

Instructions.Contents

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First Slide

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Review of Previous Modules Company introduction This gives brief details about the Reliance ADAG group and

functionality.

Gyanmandir Its intranet portal which gives us the information and services for

each employee in ADAG group.

Wire line Media & optical fiber Cable This gives brief information about the transport network and

detailed study of optical fiber cable (OFC).

Wire line Network of RCOM This describes the role of transport in telecom network with reliance

3 Tier- Architecture.

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Objective

At the end of this module, the participants would be able to describe about wireless communications which include Mobile technology based on CDMA & GSM, Microwave, & Satellite communications.

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Contents

This module will cover the following topics: Wireless communication Types of Wireless Communication Mobile Communication Technologies CDMA & GSM Network Architecture. Microwave Communication Satellite Communication

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Electromagnetic Frequencies are used for Wireless Communication

Wireless Communication

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Mobile Communication / Cellular Communication Using Radio Frequencies

Basic Types

Point – to - Point Wireless Communication Using Microwave Frequencies

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Technologies

CDMA(Code division multiple access)

GSM (Global system for mobile

Communication)

Mobile Communication

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CDMA uses same frequency allocating different codes for different users.

GSM allocates different frequency to different users for a short duration of time

CDMA & GSM

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GSM systems

Network Architecture & Functions

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Mobile Station consists of

Mobile Station (MS)

A mobile EquipmentA Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)

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Base Station System

ResponsibilitiesRadio communication with the mobile units

Contains:

Base Station Controller (BSC ) and

Handover of calls in progress between cellsManagement of all radio network resources and cell configuration data.

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

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Base Station Controller ( BSC )

Radio Network Management

Functional Areas

BTS Management

Transmission Network ManagementInternal BSC Operation and Maintenance

Handling of MS connections

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Transceivers and Antennas

Base Transceiver Station (BTS )

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BTS Functions

Radio Resources

Signal processing

Signaling link management

Synchronization

Local maintenance handling

Functional supervision and testing

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Switching System

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Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

Primary Functions

•

Switching and call routing

Charging

Service provisioning

Communication with HLR

Communication with the VLR

Communication with other MSCs

Control of connected BSCs

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Visiting Location Register Functions

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GMSC Functions

Find and interrogate HLR for roaming number.

Route the call according to the interrogation.

Gateway Mobile Switching Center

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Home Location Register Records

Subscriber identity (i.e. IMSI, MSISDN)

`Subscriber supplementary services

Subscriber location information (i.e. MSC service area)

Subscriber authentication information

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Home Location Register Function

Subscription Database Management

Communication with MSCs

Communication with GMSCs

Communication with AUCs

Communication with VLRs/ILRs

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Security Functions

Subscriber Authentication

Radio information ciphering

Mobile equipment identification

Subscriber identity confidentiality

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Mobile networks are extremely complex

Operation Support System ( OSS )

Why ?

The structure of a mobile network is often changed to for extension and optimization of the network

Mobile network operators always demand reduction of O&M costs

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Service Area

.....

.

PLMN service area

Service Area

MSC service area...

Location area...

cell

PLMN service area PLMN service area

MSC service area...

Location area...

cell

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Network Layout

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PLMN service area is defined as the area in which an operator offers radio coverage .

PLMN Service Area

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MSC Service Area

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Location Area

A Location Area (LA) is defined as a group of cellsThe identity of the LA in which an MS is currently located is stored in the VLR When an MS crosses a boundary from a cell

belonging to one LA into a cell belonging to another LA, it must report its new location to the VLR

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Cell Types

Omni-directional CellOmni-directional Cell

120 Degree Cell120 Degree Cell

Omni

1

120degree

1

23

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Microwave (MW)

Microwaves are Electromagnetic (EMW) waves with wavelength shorter than one meter and longer than one millimeter or frequency between 300 MHz to 300 GHz (UHF,SHF,EHF)

The Term MW generally refers to Alternating current signals with frequencies between 300 MHz to 300 GHz.

EMW Longer than MW are called as Radio waves and shorter wavelengths may be called as Millimeter waves.

E

HP

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MW Advantages

Over RF Increased Bandwidth availability Improved Directive Properties. Reliable and less fade- Due to LOS(Line of sight) Power Requirement- Pretty low (less than 1w). Transparency Property- enable space communication

Over OFC MW can be deployed at a faster Pace. MW deployed in difficult terrain condition like Mountain, ponds,

lakes MW can have short term capital gain. Links can be re-used. Links are reliable if deployed as per the standard.

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Recurring license cost. Bandwidth limitation (Limited to STM1) Sensitive to Interference and Atmospheric condition.

Disadvantages

MW Disadvantages

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MW Applications at RCOM

Backhaul for Mobile coverage (BTS connectivity) As Long haul for STM1 Ring closure.

POI(Point of Interconnect) Connectivity & Gateway Microwave equipment for customer connectivity (from 2Mbps to 155 Mbps).

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Satellite

CommunicationsSatellite Transmission

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DELHI

BOMBAY

CALCUTTA

MADRAS

HYDERABAD

BANGALORE

DELHI

BOMBAY

CALCUTTA

MADRAS

HYDERABAD

BANGALORE

VSATequipment

Modem Modem

VSATequipment

Ubiquitous reach Highly Reliable Broadcast Capability Ease of Installation

Satellite Communications-- Advantages

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Summary

At the end of the module, we have learned:

About Wireless communication

Types of wireless communication

Mobile communication Technologies

GSM & CDMA Network Architecture

Microwave Communication advantages & disadvantages.

Satellite Communication advantages

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Utility Equipments

Now next module to follow after this module:

Thank You