Wireless Applications and Effect on IFE Ken Brady Chief Design Engineer Thales Avionics.

Wireless Applicationsand

Effect on IFE

Ken BradyChief Design Engineer

Thales Avionics

Wireless Topics for IFE• Connectivity

– PicoCell Service (voice and data)

– Wireless Data (802.11b/g)

• Wireless IFE– AVOD Not Ready for World-Wide Deployment

• Content Delivery and Update

Wireless Technologies• Voice Technologies

• Broadcast (Audio/Video) Technologies

• Data Technologies

Wireless Voice Technologies• Designed for Human Voice

– CDMA, TDMA, GSM

• Long Range (miles)

• Connection Based Service– Dedicated “channel”

• Adopting Packet Data Capability

Wireless Broadcast Technologies

• Digital Video Broadcast (DVB)• DVB-S Satellite• DVB-C Cable• DVB-T Terrestrial TV• DVB-H Handhelds

• Advanced TV Systems Committee (ATSC)

• Limited Back-Channel Capability

Wireless Data Technologies• wPANs, wLANs, wWAN

– wPAN: Wireless Personal Area Network– wLAN: Wireless Local Area Network– wWAN: Wireless Wide Area Network

wPAN • Short Range Servicing your Personal Area

– Printers, Mouse, Keyboard, Headsets

• Standards– Bluetooth / IEEE802.15.1– ZigBee / IEEE 802.15.4– Wireless USB– Ultra Wideband (UWB) / WiMedia

wLAN• Medium Range service (30-50 Meters)• Applicable Standards

– IEEE 802.11b (2.4 GHz)– IEEE 802.11g (2.4 GHz)– IEEE 802.11a (5 GHz)– IEEE 802.11n (2.4 & 5 GHz)– HIPERLAN, HIPERLAN/2

wWAN• Long Range Service (3-18 Miles)

• New Data Network Technology– 802.16, 802.16e

• Technology Migration– GSM EDGE, UMTS W-CDMA

Important Characteristics• Operate over a Shared Media (air)

– Multi-user Conflicts• More Users, Less Bandwidth• Conflicts with Other Systems in same Frequencies

– Frequency Issues• Licensed vs. Unlicensed Frequencies

• Adaptive, Best Effort– Adjust Speed to Maintain Error Rate– Error Threshold Based on Service Expectations

Wireless Std. Speed (theory) Speed (actual) Range Comment

CDMA-RTT 0.307 Mbps 0.125 Mbps 18 mi 2G Phone

CDMA-EV-DO 2.4 Mbps 0.600 Mbps 18 mi 3G Phone

GSM GPRS 0.080 Mbps 0.014 Mbps 16 mi 2G Phone

GSM EDGE 0.474 Mbps 0.034 Mbps 16 mi 3G Phone

UMTS-w-CDMA 14.4 Mbps 0.75 Mbps 18 mi 4G Phone

IEEE 802.16e 70 Mbps 10-20 Mbps 3-5 mi WiMax

IEEE 802.11b 11 Mbps 6 Mbps 30 meters WiFi

IEEE 802.11a/g 54 Mbps 20 Mbps 30 Meters WiFi

IEEE 802.11n 200 Mbps 50-70 Mbps 50 Meters

Actual vs. Theoretical

.01

.1

.02

.03

.08

.06

.04

1

.2

.3

.8

.6

.4

10

2

3

8

6

4

100

20

30

80

60

40

200

300

802.11n

200

50

802.11a/g20

54

802.11b11

6

802.16e

70

20

GSMEDGE

GSMGPRS

.014

.080

.474

.034

Link Speed(Mbits/sec)

UTMSW-CDMA

14.4

.75

Modem

Inmarsat SBB

.056

.432

Content Characteristics• Size

– Text Data, Short Subject, Feature Length– Encoding Standard (MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4)

• Quantity– 2 Hour Audio, 10s Hours Video, 100s Hours AVOD

• Refresh Rate– Daily, Weekly, Monthly, Quartly, Semi-permanent

Typical Content ProfilesContent Type Length MPEG-1 MPEG-2 MPEG-4

Short Subject 10 min 132 MBytes 282 MBytes 90 MBytes

TV Short 23 min 304 MBytes 649 MBytes 207 MBytes

TV Long 43 min 568 MBytes 1.2 GBytes 387 MBytes

Movie Short 90 min 1.2 GBytes 2.5 GBytes 810 MBytes

Movie Long 3 hours 2.4 GBytes 5 GBytes 1.6 GBytes

Small Load 10 hours 8 GBytes 17 GBytes 5.4 GBytes

Medium Load 30 hours 24 GBytes 51 GBytes 16 GBytes

Large Load 100 hours 79 GBytes 169 GBytes 54 GBytes

Wireless Loading Methods• Incremental Content Loading

– Program by Program– Restart Mid Transfer– Error Detection and Recovery

• Practical Loading Times– < 30 min – immediately available– < 180 min – long gate stay– < 1800 min – opportunistic, multisession loading during extended

timeperiod

Wireless Loading Times (MPEG-2)

Type Len GPRS EDGE EVDO UMTS .16e .11b .11a/g .11n

Short Sub 10 m 470 79 16 3 2 6 2 1

TV Short 23 m 1081 182 36 6 4 14 4 2

TV Long 43 m 341 67 11 8 27 8 4

Movie Short 90 m 714 141 24 17 56 17 8

Movie Long 3 h 1428 282 47 34 113 34 17

Small Load 10 h 940 157 113 376 113 56

Med Load 30 h 2820 470 338 1128 336 169

Large Load 100 h 1567 1128 3760 1128 564

Short Gate Visit

Long Gate Visit Impractical

Incremental Load over Month

Single Content Load No Conflicts

Wireless Loading Times (MPEG-4)

Type Len GPRS EDGE EVDO UMTS .16e .11b .11a/g .11n

Short Sub 10 m 150 25 5 1 1 2 1 1

TV Short 23 m 345 58 12 2 1 5 1 1

TV Long 43 m 645 109 22 4 3 9 3 1

Movie Short 90 m 1350 228 45 8 5 18 5 3

Movie Long 3 h 456 90 15 11 36 11 5

Small Load 10 h 1519 300 50 36 120 36 18

Med Load 30 h 900 150 108 360 108 54

Large Load 100 h 500 360 1200 360 180

Short Gate Visit

Long Gate Visit Impractical

Incremental Load over Month

Single Content Load No Conflicts

One Size Does Not Fit All• Wireless Technology Is Effective at:

– Supporting Small Content Updates– Supporting Larger Updates

• Spread Out in Time• Not Needed Immediately

• Wireless Technology is Not Effective at:– Large Content Updates– Medium Size Updates Needed Immediately

Security• Balancing Protection and Use

– An item is most secure if no one can get to it (but it’s also not very useful)

Thwarting The Hacker– Can He Tell Its There

• Hide the Link to Reduces Detection

– Can He Get It• Authentication Used to Prevent Requests

– Can He Make Sense of It• Encryption Used to Make it Unusable

– Can He Prevent My Proper Use• Denial of Service Attach (DoS)

Security Methods• Layers of Security in Wireless Networks

– Hidden Identity, Reduced Announcement– Link Encryption (WEP, WPA, WPA2)– Authentication (RADIUS)– Content Encryption (WAEA0403)

• File Encryption• Essence Encryption

Questions

The Alphabet Soup• CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access• W-CDMA – Wideband CDMA• GSM – Global System for Mobile Communications• EDGE – Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution• UMTS – Universal Mobile Telephone System• EV-DO – Evolution Data Optimized (Evolution Data Only)