WIMAX
Feb 25, 2016
WIMAX
Contents Ways of Access Internet Why We Use Wimax. What is Wimax Wimax Working Wimax Architecture Wimax Interfaces Wimax relationship with other
technologies Wimax Standards Wimax Advantages Wimax Uses
Three ways to access the Internet today….
Dial-up access : pay for a local call every time we dial the Internet. In addition phone line is engaged while we are on the Internet.
Broadband access : In your home, you have either a DSL or cable modem. At the office, your company may be using a T1 or a T3 line.
Wi-Fi access : In your home, you may have set up a Wi-Fi router that lets you search the Web while you are connecting with your laptop. On the road, you can find Wi-Fi hot spots in restaurants, hotels, coffee shops and libraries.
Why we use wimax The main problems with broadband access are that it is
more expensive and it doesn't reach all areas.
The main problem with Wi-Fi access is that hot spots (access point of wireless network) are very small, so coverage is small.
Due to these problems we are using advance technology called WIMAX
What is Wimax
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access, is a wireless Internet service designed to cover wide geographical areas serving large number of users at low cost.
WiMax is a foundation set on the IEEE 802.16 standards. However the name given to WiMax was suggested by WiMax Forum in 2001.WiMax technology is also termed as wireless broadband this is because it is believed that it can replace DSL cable network. Wimax defining wide area wireless data networking
WAN IEEE 802.16eIMT-2000(3G)(Nationwide)
MANIEEE 802.16-2004
WiMAX(50 Km)
LANIEEE 802.11
(150 m)
PANIEEE 802.15Bluetooth
(10m)
Typical Network Ranges
Wide Area Network
Metropolitan Area Network
Local Area Network
Personal Area Network
A WiMAX system consists of two parts
TRANSMITTER A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area – as big as 3,000 sq. miles.
RECEIVER The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card or they could built into a laptop as the way Wi-Fi access is today.
HOW DOES IT WORK ? WiMAX uses microwave radio technology to connect computers to
the internet in place of wired connections such as DSL or cable modems.
It works very much like cell phone technology in that reasonable proximity to a base station is required to establish a data link to the Internet.
Users within 3 to 5 miles of the base station will be able to establish a link using NLOS technology with data rates as high as 75 Mbps.
Users up to 30 miles away from the base station with an antenna mounted for LOS to the base station will be able to connect at data rates approaching 280 Mbps.
Wimax Network Architecture
WiMAX network architecture comprises three major elements or areas
Remote or Mobile stations: These are the user equipments that may be mobile or fixed and may be located in the premises of the user.
Access Service Network (ASN ): This is the area of the WiMAX network that forms the radio access network at the edge and it comprises one or more base stations and one or more ASN gateways.
Connectivity Service Network (CSN): This part of the WiMAX network provides the IP connectivity and all the IP core network functions. It is what may be termed the core network in cellular parlance.
The overall WiMAX network comprises a number of different entities that make up the different major areas described above. These include the following entities.
Subscriber Station (SS) / Mobile Station(MS) : The Subscriber station, SS may often be referred to as the
Customer Premises Equipment, CPE. Base Station (BS) : The base-station forms an essential element of the WiMAX
network. It is responsible for providing the air interface to the subscriber and mobile stations.
Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Server, AAA:
As with any communications or wireless system requiring subscription services, an Authentication, Authorization and Accounting server is used. This is included within the CSN.
ASN Gateway (ASN-GW): The ASN gateway within the WiMAX network architecture
typically acts as a layer 2 traffic aggregation point within the overall ASN.
The ASN-GW may also provide additional functions that include: intra-ASN location management and paging, radio resource management and admission control, caching of subscriber profiles and encryption keys.
Home Agent, HA: The Home Agent within the WiMAX network is located within the
CSN. With Mobile-IP forming a key element within WiMAX technology, the Home Agent works in conjunction with a "Foreign Agent", such as the ASN Gateway, to provide an efficient end-to-end Mobile IP solution. The Home Agent serves as an anchor point for subscribers, providing secure roaming with QOS capabilities.
Interfaces of wimax R1—Represents the interface between the wireless
device and the base station. R2—Represents the link between the MS (mobile station)
and the CSN (connectivity service network). R3—Represents the link between the ASN (access service
network) and the CSN. R4—Represents the link between an ASN and another
ASN. R5—Represents the link between a CSN and another CSN. R6—Located within an ASN and represents a link between
the BS (base station) and the ASN-GW. R7—Located within the ASN-GW and represents internal
communication within the gateway. R8—Located within an ASN and represents a link between
two base stations.
Forms of Wireless Service NLOS (Non Line of Sight) There is the non-line-of-sight, where a small antenna on your
computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to Wi-Fi). Lower-wavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles.
LOS ( Line of Sight) There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna
points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors.
Line-of-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth.
3G Mobile Wi-Fi WiMAX
Max. Speed 2 Mbps 16 Mbps 54 Mbps 100 Mbps
Coverage Several Miles Several Miles 300 feet 50 miles
Airwave Licensed Licensed Unlicensed Either
Advantages Range, Mobility
Speed, Mobility Speed, Price Speed,
Range
Disadvantages
Slow, Expensive High Price Short Range Interference
issues
Relationship with other Wireless Technologies
WIMAX SPECTRUMWiMax Forum is focusing on 3 spectrum bands for global
deployment:
Unlicensed 5 GHz: Includes bands between 5.25 and 5.85 GHz. In the upper 5 GHz band (5.725 – 5.850 GHz) many countries allow higher power output (4 Watts) that makes it attractive for WiMax applications.
Licensed 3.5 GHz: Bands between 3.4 and 3.6 GHz have been allocated for BWA in majority of countries.
Licensed 2.5 GHz: The bands between 2.5 and 2.6 GHz have been allocated in the US, Mexico, Brazil and in some SEA countries. In US this spectrum is licensed for MDS and ITFS.
WiMax Standards802.16 802.16a 802.16-
2004802.16e-
2005Date
Completed
December 2001
January 2003
June 2004
December 2005
Spectrum 10-66 GHz < 11 GHz
< 11 GHz
< 6 GHz
Operation LOS Non-LOS Non-LOS
Non-LOS and Mobile
Bit Rate 32-134 Mbps
Up to 75 Mbps
Up to 75 Mbps
Up to 15 Mbps
Cell Radius
1-3 miles 3-5 miles 3-5 miles
1-3 miles
What are the Advantages A Single WiMAX main Station can serve hundreds of users. Endpoints install within days instead of the weeks required for wired
connections. Data rates as high as 280 Mbps and distances of 30 miles are possible. Users can operate mobile within 3-5 miles of a base station at data rates
up to 75 Mbps. No FCC radio licensing is required. Less expensive than DSL or coaxial cable.
What are the disadvantages Line-of-Sight is required for long distance (5-30 mile) connections. Heavy rains can disrupt the service. Other wireless electronics in the vicinity can interfere with the WiMAX connection and cause a reduction in data throughput or even a total disconnect.
Uses of Wimax Connecting Wi-Fi hotspots with each other and to other
parts of the internet.
Providing a wireless alternative to cable and DSL for last km broadband access.
Providing a high-speed mobile data and telecommunications services (4G).
Providing a diverse source of Internet connectivity as a part of business continuity plan.
Providing Nomadic (mobile) connectivity.
End…………