Wilson County Emergency Management AgencyContraindications: Known Active GI Bleeding, Hypersensitivity, Known history of bleeding disorders, Hepatic impairment, Patient’s < 18 years
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Wilson County Emergency Management Agency Protocol Manual Drug Reference
Drug Reference – Benzodiazepines Page 1 of 2 H - 1
Wilson County Emergency Management Agency Protocol Manual
Protocols
Drug Reference - Amiodarone Page 1 of 1 H - 2
Amiodarone Infusion Stable Rhythm Bolus Mix 150 mg in 100 ml. Refer to the Amiodarone Mixture Procedure I – 1. Maintenance Drip Due to the extended half-life of this medication, a Maintenance drip can be post postponed until arrival at the ER. Special Notes Utilize a gravity control device (IV Stat2) to administer this medication. VF/Pulseless VT Initial dose - 300 mg in 20 ml given over 2 minutes Secondary dose 150 mg in 20 ml given over 2 minutes
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Wilson County Emergency Management Agency Protocol Manual
Protocols
Drug Reference – Epi Chart (Hypotension/Brady) Page 1 of 1 H - 5
Special Notes This medication should be administered through a gravity control device (IV stat 2)
Medication References H - 8
Acetaminophen (Tylenol®)
Class: Analgesic and antipyretic agent
Packaging: 160 mg / 5 ml in oral solution
Dose: 15 mg / kg, MAX DOSE – 500 mg
Action: has been shown to inhibit the action of endogenous pyrogens on the heat-regulating centers in the brain by blocking the formation and release of prostaglandins in the central nervous system
Onset: 0.5 – 1 hour
Duration: 3 – 8 hours
Indications: A fever of 100.4 or greater, post febrile seizure Contraindications: Inability to swallow. Unconsciousness. Hepatic disease
Precautions: Use with caution by mouth if note AMS or lethargy
Adenosine (Adenocard®)
Class: Antiarrhythmic
Packaging: 12 mg / 4 ml (Vial)
Dose: 12 mg IV / IO
Max Dose: 36 mg
Action: It slows the conduction through the atrioventricular (AV) node and interrupts the reentry pathway.
Precautions: Will not convert Atrial or Ventricular dysrhythmias
Medication References H - 8
Albuterol
Class: A beta-2 adrenergic stimulant
Packaging: 2.5 mg / 3 ml solution (premixed)
Dose: 2.5 mg (Nebulized)
Action: Causes bronchodilation by stimulating the beta-2 receptor
Onset: 5 – 15 minutes
Duration: 3 – 4 hours
Indications: Bronchospasms: (Asthma / COPD)
Contraindications: Tachy-dysrhythmias
Precautions: It will cause an increase in heart rate; multiple doses in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease
Amiodarone
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Packaging: 150 mg / 3 ml in vial
Dose: Varies upon protocol
Action: Suppresses ventricular ectopy by prolonging the action potential and refractory periods. Slows the sinus rate and increases the PR and QT intervals
Onset: 2 – 5 minutes
Duration: Variable
Indications: Life-threatening dysrhythmias
Contraindications: Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug. Because it may decrease automaticity, conductivity, and contractility, do not use in the presence of cardiogenic shock, severe sinus bradycardia, or advanced AV block unless a pacemaker is available
Precautions: Pregnancy. Nursing women. Use in pediatrics.
Medication References H - 8
Amiodarone Drip
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Packaging: Adult: Mix 150 mg in 50 ml D5 bag, Ped: Mix 150mg in 100 ml D5 bag
Dose: Varies upon protocol
Action: Suppresses ventricular ectopy by prolonging the action potential and refractory periods. Slows the sinus rate and increases the PR and QT intervals
Onset: 2 – 5 minutes
Duration: Variable
Indications: Life-threatening dysrhythmias
Contraindications: Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug. Because it may decrease automaticity, conductivity, and contractility, do not use in the presence of cardiogenic shock, severe sinus bradycardia, or advanced AV block unless a pacemaker is available
Precautions: Pregnancy. Nursing women. Use in children.
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Class: NSAID / Antiplatelet
Packaging: 81 mg tablets
Dose: 324 mg (PO)
Action: Impedes clotting by blocking prostaglandin synthetase action, which prevents the formation of the platelet aggregating substance thromboxane A2.
Onset: 5 – 30 minutes
Duration: 1 – 4 hours
Indications: Cardiac Chest Pain
Contraindications: Known Active GI Bleeding, Hypersensitivity, Known history of bleeding disorders, Hepatic impairment, Patient’s < 18 years of age
Precautions: History of GERD, GI Bleeding, Currently taking anticoagulation medications, (Contact medical control for further advice if needed)
Dose: Bradycardia: 0.5 mg IV / See protocol for other
Action: Inhibits muscarinic actions of acetylcholine at postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector sites.
Onset: Immediate
Duration: 4 – 6 hours
Indications: Bradycardia
Contraindications: None in emergency setting
Precautions: Patients with s/s of myocardial ischemia or infarction, Glaucoma
Special Notes: May not be effective in wide complex bradycardia or high degree AV blocks.
Calcium Chloride 10%
Class: Electrolyte
Packaging: 1 g / 10 ml (prefilled syringe)
Dose: 500 mg to 1000 mg IV (peds 20mg/kg)
Action: Acts as an activator in the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscles. Maintains cell membrane and capillary permeability
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Depending on dose, may be up to 4 hours
Indications: KNOWN calcium channel blocker overdose / post hemodialysis arrest
Contraindications: Cardiopulmonary arrest not associated with calcium channel blocker toxicity, hypocalcemia, or hyperkalemia.
Precautions : Calcium chloride should not be administered in the same infusion with sodium bicarbonate since calcium will combine with sodium bicarbonate to form an insoluble precipitate (calcium carbonate). Calcium chloride should be given with extreme caution, and in reduced dosage, to persons taking digitalis because it increases ventricular irritability and may precipitate digitalis toxicity.
Medication References H - 8
Dextrose (5%)
Class: Hypotonic solution once in the body Packaging: 5% in 50, 100, 500 ml for drug mixtures
Dose: Varies by use/protocol
Action: Provides a medium for IV medications, provides a small amount of dextrose for cellular metabolism while leaving behind water
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Remains in intravascular space for 20-40 minutes
Indications: Dilution solution for IV medications
Contraindications: None
Precautions: Diluting to the desired mixture is required.
Dextrose 50% (D50W)
Class: Carbohydrate Packaging: 25g in 50 ml (Prefilled Syringe)
Dose: Varies by protocol, can be reduced for D25 and D10.
Action: Increases blood sugar
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Dependent upon patient metabolism and degree of hypoglycemia
Indications: Hypoglycemia
Contraindications: Dextrose is contraindicated in intracranial hemorrhage, increased ICP, and known or suspected CVA in the absence of hypoglycemia.
Precautions: Diluting to the desired mixture may be required. Ensure IV patency as infiltration will cause local necrosis.
Medication References H - 8
Diazepam (VALIUM)
Class: Anticonvulsant / Sedative
Packaging: 10 mg / 2 ml (Carpuject Vial) Dose: Varies by protocol
Action: Depresses the CNS by potentiating GABA; Produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways; has anticonvulsant properties due to enhanced presynaptic inhibition.
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, drug abuse, coma, shock, or head injury
Precautions: Use caution if the patient has ingested CNS depressants, May cause a decrease in respiratory drive and apnea.
Diltiazem (CARDIZEM)
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker // Antiarrhythmic
Packaging: 100 mg (ADD-Vantage® vial)
Dose: 0.25 mg/kg (max of 25mg), mixed in 100ml ADD-Vantage® soft saline bag
Action: Produces relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and dilation of both large and small coronary arteries at drug levels which cause little or no negative inotropic effect
Onset: 2 – 5 minutes
Duration: Unknown
Indications: Supra Ventricular Tachydysrrythmias: Atrial fibrillation / flutter with RVR
Contraindications: Sick sinus syndrome, high degree AV blocks, Recent MI, pulmonary congestion, hypersensitivity, or hypotension
Precautions: Hepatic or renal impairment, decreased cardiac function, geriatrics should receive a lower dose and a slower infusion, hepatic or renal failure.
Precautions: May cause significant sedation or paradoxical excitation/akethesia. Patients with a history of bronchial asthma, increased intraocular pressure, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease or hypertension.
Dopamine
Class: Sympathomimetic
Packaging: 200 mg / 5 ml (Vial)
Dose: 2 – 20 mcg/kg/min (refer to right dose manual) IV, mixed in 250 ml D5% soft bag.
Action: Chemical precursor of norepinephrine that stimulates dopaminergic, beta-2-adrenergic, and alpha-adrenergic receptors
Onset: 1 – 2 minutes
Duration: <10 minutes
Indications: Cardiogenic, neurogenic, septic, or anaphylactic shock. Bradycardia with hypotension refractory to Atropine. Hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg) not secondary to hypovolemia
Contraindications: Hypovolemia, Tachydysrhythmias
Precautions: Local tissue necrosis can occur with extravasation from peripheral IV
Medication References H - 8
Epinephrine 1:1000
Class: Sympathomimetic
Packaging: 1 mg / 1 ml (Ampule), 30 mg / 30 ml (Multi-dose Vial)
Dose: Varies on protocol
Action: Sympathomimetic, which stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors causing immediate bronchodilation, an increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of cardiac contraction.
Precautions: Patients with a history of cardiovascular disease
Epinephrine 1:10,000
Class: Sympathomimetic
Packaging: 1 mg / 10 ml (Prefilled Syringe)
Dose: Varies upon protocol (Cardiac arrest & Anaphylaxis)
Action: Sympathomimetic, which stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors causing immediate bronchodilation, increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of cardiac contraction
Onset: Less than 2 min IV/IO. Less than 1 min ETT.
Duration: 5 – 10 minutes IV/IO/ETT
Indications: To restore cardiac rhythm in cardiac arrest.
Contraindications: None in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis
Precautions: None in cardiac arrest and anaphylaxis
Medication References H - 8
Epinephrine Drip
Class: Sympathomimetic
Packaging: 2 mg Epinephrine 1:1000 added to 500 ml 5% Dextrose soft bag
Dose: Varies upon protocol
Action: Sympathomimetic, which stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors causing immediate bronchodilation, increase in heart rate and an increase in the force of cardiac contraction
Contraindications: None in life-threatening events
Precautions: None in life-threatening events
Fentanyl
Class: Opioid analgesic
Packaging: 100 mcg / 2 ml (Carpujet Vial)
Dose: Varies by protocol
Action: Narcotic agonist-analgesic of opiate receptors: Inhibits ascending pain pathways thus altering the response to pain; increases pain threshold; produces analgesia, respiratory depression, and sedation
Onset: IV : Immediate // IM: 7-15 min // IN: Unknown
Duration: IV : 30-60 mins // IM: 1-2 hr // IN: Unknown
Indications: Pain from an acute traumatic injury / Cardiac Chest Pain
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to drug, Within two weeks of MAOI use
Precautions: Patients currently taking or recent use of CNS depressant, use caution when administering in conjunction with benzodiazepines, elderly patients, patients with hepatic or renal impairment
Medication References H - 8
Ipratropium Bromide (Atrovent)
Class: Parasympatholytic bronchodilator
Packaging: 0.5 mg / 2.5 ml solution (premixed) Dose: 0.5 mg / 2.5 ml solution via nebulizer (Adult and peds the same)
Indications: Bronchospasm in patients with reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema) and acute attacks of bronchospasm
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to atropine or its derivatives or to soy lecithin or related food products (peanuts)
Precautions: Pregnant and nursing mothers
Ketamine
Class: Analgesic, Dissociative Analgesic, Anesthetic Dose: Varies on protocol
Packaging: 500 mg / 10 ml (Vial)
Action: Ketamine is a rapid-acting general anesthetic producing an anesthetic state characterized by profound analgesia, disassociation, normal pharyngeal-laryngeal reflexes, normal or slightly enhanced skeletal muscle tone, cardiovascular and respiratory stimulation, and occasionally a transient and minimal respiratory depression
Indications: Severe pain / Injury / Burns & Extremity extrication
Contraindications: Any possibility of an acute MI, CVA, TIA, or any other ischemia. Hypertensive crisis, signs of herniation, Cushing’s Syndrome. Relative Hypertension: Systolic of 180 or Diastolic of 130
Precautions: Patients with a history of coronary artery disease, CHF, and possible increased ICP. Emergence reactions have been shown to occur in approximately 12% of patients.
Medication References H - 8
This medication SHALL not be used to assist and / or facilitate intubation outside the RSI protocol!!!
Medication References H - 8
Ketorolac (TORADOL)
Class: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
Packaging: 30 mg / 1 ml (Carpujet Vial)
Dose: Adult 30 mg IV (15 mg if patient is older than 65 yr, or weighs less than 50 kg), 30−60 mg IM
Action: Exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity
Onset: 30 minutes
Duration: 45 – 60 minutes
Indications: Mild or moderate pain
Contraindications: Patients with asthma. Hypersensitivity to Ketorolac, aspirin, or other NSAIDs
Precautions: Patients with a history of peptic ulcers; impaired renal or hepatic function; elderly
Lactated Ringers
Class: Electrolyte
Packaging: 1000 ml in soft bag
Dose: Adult 20 ml / kg bolus, Ped 20 ml / kg bolus – IV/IO
Action: Assist in fluid replacement due to blood loss or dehydration
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Individualized
Indications: Hypovolemia due to blood loss, burns, dehydration
Contraindications: Can’t be used with blood tubing
Precautions: CVA, Diabetics, Mixing with blood sets
Medication References H - 8
Lidocaine 2%
Class: Antiarrhythmic, anesthetic
Packaging: 100 mg / 5 ml (Prefilled Syringe)
Dose: Varies by protocol
Action: Local anesthetic. Exerts antidysrhythmic action (class Ib) by suppressing automaticity in the His-Purkinje system and by elevating electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle during diastole.
Onset: IV: Immediate // IO:
Duration: 10 – 20 minutes
Indications: For responsive patients, slow infusion over 60 seconds prior to intraosseous fluid/medication administration. To convert ventricular dysrhythmias (ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia) in cardiac arrest to sinus rhythm
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, Stokes-Adams syndrome, and in second- or third-degree heart block in the absence of a pacemaker, WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Allergy to -caine related anesthetics
Precautions: Patients with liver or renal disease, CHF, marked hypoxia, respiratory depression, hypovolemia, shock; myasthenia gravis; debilitated patients, the elderly; family history of malignant hyperthermia (fulminant hypermetabolism). Pregnancy
Medication References H - 8
Lidocaine Drip
Class: Antiarrhythmic
Packaging: 2 g per 500 ml soft bag
Dose: Adult: 1 – 4 mg / min // Ped: 20 – 50 mcg / kg / min, IV/IO
Action: Exerts antidysrhythmic action (class Ib) by suppressing automaticity in the His-Purkinje system and by elevating electrical stimulation threshold of the ventricle during diastole.
Onset: Immediate
Duration: 10 – 20 minutes
Indications: If maintenance infusion is needed following VT/VF conversion
Contraindication: Known hypersensitivity, Stokes-Adams syndrome, and in second- or third-degree heart block in the absence of a pacemaker, WPW (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). Allergy to -caine related anesthetics
Precautions: Patients with liver or renal disease, CHF, marked hypoxia, respiratory depression, hypovolemia, shock; myasthenia gravis; debilitated patients, the elderly; family history of malignant hyperthermia (fulminant hypermetabolism)
Magnesium Sulfate 10%
Class: Electrolyte
Packaging: 1 g / 2 ml in vial
Dose: Varies on protocol
Action: Essential for the activity of many enzymes. Plays an important role in neurotransmission and muscular excitability. Acts as a physiological calcium channel blocker and blocks neuromuscular transmission of calcium. Smooth muscle relaxant.
Precautions: Impaired renal function, digitalized patients, concomitant use of other CNS depressants or neuromuscular blocking agents
Medication References H - 8
Methylprednisolone
Class: Steroid
Packaging: 125 mg / 2 ml (Act-O-Vial®)
Dose: Varies on protocol
Action: Reduces inflammation by multiple mechanisms. As a steroid, it replaces the steroids that are lacking in adrenal insufficiency
Onset: Onset of action is 1 to 2 hours following intravenous administration
Duration: 8 to 24 hours
Indications: Exacerbation of asthma and COPD, anaphylaxis/acute allergic reactions
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, Cushing’s Syndrome
Precautions: Use caution when administering to patients with diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, liver disease, or signs of systemic infection. Do not administer methylprednisolone preserved with benzyl alcohol to pregnant women, breastfeeding women, or neonates - benzyl alcohol is associated with serious adverse events in this population
Midazolam (VERSED)
Class: Benzodiazepine, sedative hypnotic
Packaging: 10 mg / 2 ml in (Vial)
Dose: Varies on protocol
Action: Midazolam is a shorter-acting benzodiazepine central nervous system depressant that produces sedation and lack of recall
Onset: IV: 3-5 min // IM: 15-20 min // IN: Unknown
Indications: Procedural sedation (Cardio version etc.), Combative patients that require chemical sedation, Seizures, Secondary induction agent for RSI,
Contraindications: Known benzodiazepine sensitivity, narrow-angle glaucoma
Precautions: Pronounce respiratory depression in the elderly
Medication References H - 8
Morphine
Class: Opiate, narcotic analgesic
Packaging: 4mg / 1 ml (Carpuject Vial)
Dose: Varies by protocol
Action: Narcotic analgesic, which depresses the central nervous system and sensitivity to pain. Increases venous capacitance, decreases venous return and produces mild peripheral vasodilation. Morphine also decreases myocardial oxygen demand.
Onset: IV: Immediate // IM/SC: 15-30 min
Duration: IV: Peak effect in 20 minutes // IM/SC: 30-60 min
Indications: Pain from an acute traumatic injury, chest pain associated with ACS
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, hypovolemia, hypotension, head injury, and asthma
Precautions: May result in respiratory depression and hypotension (especially in patients who are volume depleted or those with increased systemic vascular resistance)
Action: Binds the opioid receptor and blocks the effect of narcotics
Onset: IV/IO: Less than 2 min // IM/IN: 2 – 10 min
Duration: IV/IO: 45 min // IM/IN: >45 min
Indications: Respiratory depression associated with narcotic overdose
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug, patients whose respiratory depression is due to non-opioid drugs
Precautions: May induce opiate withdrawal in patients who are physically dependent
Medication References H - 8
Normal Saline
Class: Isotonic solution
Packaging: Prefilled syringe, soft bags
Dose: Varies upon protocol
Action: Replacement of fluid and electrolytes lost from the intravascular and intracellular spaces
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Remains in intravascular space for less than an hour
Indications: Fluid replacement for hypovolemia, IV access line for drug administration, infusion into saline locks to ensure patency
Contraindications: Use caution in patients with rales
Precautions: Circulatory fluid volume overload
Nitro-Bid (Nitro Paste)
Class: Nitrate, Vasodilator
Packaging: 1 g in Folipac®
Dose: ½ - 1 inches (1 g /1 in)
Action: Direct vasodilator, which acts principally on the venous system although it also produces direct coronary artery vasodilation as a result. There is a decrease in venous return, which decreases the workload on the heart and thus, decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Onset: 30 – 60 minutes
Duration: 8 – 24 hours
Indications: Symptomatic hypertensive crisis
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, hypotension, and cerebral hemorrhage or head injury. Withhold if the patient has taken Viagra/Levitra within 24 hours and Cialis/Revatio within 48 hours
Medication References H - 8
Precautions: Alcohol will accentuate vasodilating and hypotensive effects. In the event that the patient requires cardioversion or pacing, avoid placing paddles or defibrillator or pacing pads near Nitro patch. It may be necessary to remove Nitro patch and wipe off skin prior to placing paddles or patches before cardioversion or pacing.
Nitroglycerin
Class: Nitrate, vasodilator
Packaging: Tablet in Amber vial
Dose: 0.4 mg tablet sublingual
Action: Direct vasodilator, which acts principally on the venous system although it also produces direct coronary artery vasodilation as a result. There is a decrease in venous return, which decreases the workload on the heart and thus, decreases myocardial oxygen demand
Onset: 1 – 3 minutes
Duration: 20 – 30 minutes
Indications: Chest pain or discomfort associated with suspected AMI or Angina Pectoris and acute pulmonary edema with hypertension.
Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity, hypotension, and cerebral hemorrhage or head injury. Withhold if the patient has taken Viagra/Levitra within 24 hours and Cialis/Revatio within 48 hours
Precautions: Use with caution in acute inferior wall MI or right ventricular infarct. Nitro tablets are inactivated by light, air and moisture and must be kept in amber glass containers with tight-fitting lids. Alcohol will accentuate vasodilating and hypotensive effects
Ondansetron (ZOFRAN)
Class: Antiemetic
Packaging: 4mg / 2ml (Vial)
Dose: Adult 4mg IV/IM, Peds 0.1mg/kg max 4mg (must be at least 6 months old)
Action: Blocks the effects of serotonin (5HT3) receptor sites peripherally, centrally and its release in the small intestine. Reduces the activity of the vagus nerve from activating the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata
Onset: 30 min
Duration: 3 – 6 hrs
Medication References H - 8
Indications: Patients experiencing nausea and vomiting
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Ondansetron or to other similar drugs.
Precautions: Liver disorders, Long QT syndrome (heart problems), and Phenylketonuria
Promethazine (Phenergan®)
Class: Antiemetic
Packaging: 25 mg / ml (Vial)
Dose: Adult 12.5 mg IV, 25 mg IM. Ped: 0.25 mg / kg IV (max 25 mg), 0.5 mg IM (max 25 mg)
Action: Administered to prevent and control nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness. It is also used as a sedative and to potentiate the effects of analgesics
Onset: IV: 5 minutes // IM: 20 minutes
Duration: 4 – 6 hours
Indications: Nausea, vomiting, and motion sickness. To potentiate the effects of analgesics; to induce sedation.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines, nursing mothers, newborn or premature infants, acutely ill or dehydrated children.
Precautions: Patients with impaired hepatic function, cardiovascular disease, asthma, acute or chronic respiratory impairment (particularly in children), hypertension; elderly or debilitated patients
Quelicin (Succinylcholine)
Class: Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocker
Packaging: 200 mg / 10 ml (Vial)
Dose: 1.5 mg / kg – (Max of 200 mg) IV/IO
Action: Depolarizing skeletal muscle relaxant; no effect on consciousness or pain
Onset: 30 – 60 seconds
Duration: 2 – 10 minutes
Indications: RSI
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to the drug. Hyperkalemia. Malignant hyperthermia. Narrow-angle glaucoma. Major burns greater than 16 hours and up to 6
Medication References H - 8
months. Penetrating eye injuries. Chronic paralysis. Neuromuscular disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis and Muscular Dystrophy
Packaging: (made by combining 1 mg of Epinephrine 1:1000 with 2.5 – 3 cc normal saline)
Dose: Adult/Ped 1 mg Epinephrine 1:1000 in 2.5 – 3 ccs normal saline Nebulized
Action: Racemic epinephrine stimulates both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors, with a slight preference for the beta2 receptors in the lungs. This results in bronchodilation and a decrease in mucus secretion. It also has some effect in relieving the subglottic edema
Indications: Intubated patients that require a long-acting skeletal muscle relaxant
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity. Neuromuscular disease. Lack of waveform ETCO2
Precautions: Allergic reactions / Anaphylaxis may occur. Increased ocular pressure. Hepatic disease. Patients with ascites may require larger dose to assure complete block
Medication References H - 8
Sodium Bicarbonate
Class: Electrolyte
Packaging: 50 mEq per 50 ml (Prefilled Syringe)
Dose: 1 mEq/kg IV/IO for Adults and Peds
Action: An alkalizing agent used to buffer acids present in the body during and after severe hypoxia. Bicarbonate combines with excess acids (usually lactic acid) present in the body to form a weak, volatile acid. This acid is broken down into CO2 and H2O. Sodium bicarbonate is effective only when administered with adequate ventilation and oxygenation
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Dependent upon degree of acid/base imbalance
Indications: Metabolic acidosis due to salicylate (Aspirin) overdose, barbiturate overdose, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, hyperkalemia, severe ketoacidosis, cardiac arrest, shock, physostigmine toxicity, methanol toxicity, ethylene glycol toxicity.
Contraindications: Congestive heart failure, alkalotic states
Precautions: Can cause metabolic alkalosis
Thiamine
Class: Vitamin (B1)
Packaging: 200 mg / 2 ml (Vial)
Dose: Adult 50 − 100 mg given slow IV/IM. Ped 10 − 25 mg given slow IV/IM
Action: Required for the conversion of glucose into energy and for the conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl-coenzyme-A
Onset: Immediate
Duration: Dependent upon degree of deficiency
Indications: Coma of unknown origin especially if alcohol involved, delirium tremors
Indications/ContraindicationsSevere painProcedural Sedation neededMust Have access to airwayMust be able to suction patientHx of CHFHx of CADUse caution if TBI presentHypertensive crisisRelative HypertensionSystolic > 180Diastolic > 130Any Acute Ischemic eventHerniation SyndromeCushings Syndrome
Severe PainAs described by protocol0.5 mg / kg - IV / IOUp to 100 mgMay repeat twiceNot to exceed 300 mg
OR
1 mg / kg - IN / IMUp to 150 mgMay repeat twiceNot to exceed 450 mg
Extremity Extrication1 mg / kg - IV / IOUp to 200 mg
1.5 mg / kg - IN / IMUp to 225 mg
Can not be used to
Severe Pain
Extremity extrication1 mg / kg - IV / IOUp to 40 mg
1.5 mg / kg - IN / IMUp to 60 mg
Can not be used to
Ketorolac 30 mg / ml
(Toradol)
WEMA ProtocolPain Management - General (G-8)
Indications/ContraindicationsPain due to kidney stonesBack painMuscle Sprain / StrainMigraine PregnancyRenal insufficiencyHypovolemia
30 mg IV
OR
60 mg IM
WEMA Drug Guide 2016 H-15
This document serves as a reference for medications included in the 2015 WEMA
Protocols. Utilize the individual protocols and standardized medication guides for all dosing
Drug Adult Pediatric
20 ml/kg Bolus 20 ml/kg Bolus
Lactated RingersIV solution
WEMA ProtocolVarious
Indications/ContraindicationsHypovolemia due to blood lossVolume replacement
Indications/ContraindicationsVentricular dysrhythmias V-fib / Pulseless VTLocal anesthetic for IO inf.1/2 dose for patients > 701/2 dose for patient w/ history of hepatic diseaseAV blockBradycardia
Lidocaine Drip4 mg / ml solution
WEMA ProtocolCardiac (B-7) & (B-12)
Indications/ContraindicationsMaintenance drip post dysrhythmia conversionSame as single dose
Ventricular dysrhythmias1 - 1.5 mg / kg
PVC's1 - 1.5 mg / kg
V-fib / Pulseless VT1 - 1.5 mg / kg
Anesthetic for IO infusionSee I-21 for procedure 40 mg Initially20 mg subsequently
Max dose as an antiarrhythmic
3 mg / kg
Ventricular dysrhythmias1 mg / kg
PVC's1 mg / kg
V-fib / Pulseless VT1 mg / kg
Anesthetic for IO infusionSee I-21 for procedure0.5 mg/kg Initially (Max 40)half initial dose subsequently
Max dose as an antiarrhythmic
3 mg / kg
See Color Coded Chart
1 - 4 mg / min
maintenance infusion
Use the "Right Dose" Book
20-50 mcg / kg / min
WEMA Drug Guide 2016 H-15
Drug Adult Pediatric
This document serves as a reference for medications included in the 2015 WEMA
Protocols. Utilize the individual protocols and standardized medication guides for all dosing
Indications/ContraindicationsSevere AsthmaCOPDTorsade's de pointesHypokalemia (Arrest)HypomagnesemiaEclampsia w/ seizuresAV Block
Asthma / COPD1-2 grams over 10 mins
Torsade's de pointes1-2 grams IV / IOInfuse over 10 mins
Cardiac Arrest1-2 grams IV / IOSlow push over 2 mins
Eclampsia w/ seizures1-2 grams over 10 mins
Asthma25 - 50 mg/kg over 20 minsSee drip procedure
Torsade's de pointes25 - 50 mg/kg IV / IOInfuse over 20 mins
Cardiac Arrest25 - 50 mg/kg IV / IOSlow push over 2 mins
Max dose of 2 grams
Methylprednisolone(Solu-Medrol) 62.5 mg / ml
WEMA ProtocolAnaphylaxis (C-2.1)Asthma (C-12)
Indications/ContraindicationsAcute asthma attackAcute anaphylactic reactionUse w/ caution in patients with active infections
One time dose
125 mg IV / IM
If small in stature, sensitive to steroids, on chronic
steroid therapy or diabetic
62.5 mg
Contact Medical control
Midazolam(Versed) 5 mg / ml
WEMA ProtocolSedation in various protocolsSeizure (C-13)
Indications/ContraindicationsSeizure ActivityRequired sedationBe cautious w/ hypotensionWill cause significant Resp. depression in elderly< 1 month oldPregnancy
Seizure5 mg IV / IO / IN / IM
General Sedation2-5 mg IV / IO / IN / IM
Mind Altering Drugs5-10 mg IV / IN / IM
The max dose varies by protocol.
All Pediatrics - (IV/IO/IM)0.1 mg/kg IV / IO / IMMax Dose 6 mgDO NOT REPEAT