When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue of A)ransom to be paid. B)which culture was civilizing the other. C)military rescue operations. D) treaty provisions covering prisoners of war. 2. Metacomet (King Philip) leads a war against New England settlers in the 1670s because A)trade was declining between the settlers and Indians. B)Puritan missionaries had become too aggressive.
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When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue of A)ransom to be paid. B)which culture was civilizing the other. C)military.
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When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue ofA) ransom to be paid.B) which culture was civilizing the other.C) military rescue operations.D) treaty provisions covering prisoners of war.
2. Metacomet (King Philip) leads a war against New England settlers in the 1670s becauseA) trade was declining between the settlers and Indians.B) Puritan missionaries had become too aggressive.C) settlers continued to encroach upon Indian lands.D) he needed to divert attention away from internal problems.
outright war to kill Indians and seize lands
Bacon - leader legislation that
allowed Indians to be termed:
‘enemies if they left their village without permission from the English’
Governor ordered the end of hostilities
Bacon rode into Jamestown. Chased the governor away and
burnt the capital building offered freedom to any of
Berkeley’s supporters, servants or slaves who joined them.
Just as Bacon and rebellion at height of its power
Bacon died possibly of dysentery
Rebellion was over.Berkeley regained control punished Bacon’s supporters
Aftermath English government sent to troops to quell
uprising Virginia at peace long before they arrived. Berkeley recalled
New governor implemented some reforms and hit rebels hard
Executed leaders and imprisoned others Sending a message that rebellion was never
justified, no matter what the provocation. The long term effect for Indians was that the
frontier was again pushed back
Possible Explanations A) Instability on frontier
mixing of freed servants, blacks, Indians; taxes high, discontent over spending priorities, so rebellion a symbol of class conflict
B) lower death rates and immigration of royalists meant social mobility falling
Establishing First Families of Virginia – even Bacon excluded
C) Bacon as popular democratic hero struggling vs tyranny
failure leads to ‘end of American Independence’
Back to the British colonies
Not Virginia Not New England But the richest place in
the British Empire
Barbados
Barbados Colonized 1630s
Annual sugar exports 1650 -150,000 pounds 1700 – 50 Million 1680 planter in
Barbados 4 times richer than
tobacco planter in Chesapeake
Important for two reasons
Wealth Structure Both transferred to
mainland
Remember this man? Virginia and wider
Chesapeake region was: Growing Losing attractiveness for
Indentured servants But still needed Cheap labor 1650s Africans 3% of
Chesapeake Majority population on
Barbados
1663 John Collerton Barbadian planter
Obtained charter to create colony south of Chesapeake
Carolina 1670 settled in
Charles Towne 1712 split into two
New England
Not as good as the old one in my opinion!
New England Colonies Pilgrims founded Plymouth in 1620 Separatists
Holland 1608 Initially intended to settle in Virginia
Blown off course and ended up well north of Virginia’s boundaries
102 survived crossing Arrived late fall
Mayflower Compact bound settlers to accept will of the majority
Rescued from disaster by local Wampanoag Indians
Samoset, then Squanto Wampanoag provided knowledge and help that
enabled them to survive the following winter First full year was still difficult and harsh
Only seven buildings erected ½ colonists died
New colonists arrived Sickly, and without supplies – strained resources
further Like James Town without out help from local
native population colony would not have survived
According to Governor William Bradford first winter “was most sad and lamentable”
“In two or three months’ time half of [our] company died . . . Being the depth of winter, and wanting houses and other comforts [and] being infected with scurvy and other diseases”
New England Colonies (cont)
Puritans secured charter in 1629
Established colony for the Massachusetts Bay Company
Settlers arrived in waves, created numerous towns
About 13,000 settlers arrived in New England by 1641
Colony prospered economically, but eroded religiouslyAnne HutchinsonNon-Separatists
When settlers were taken captive by the Indians, it raised the fundamental issue ofA) ransom to be paid.B) which culture was civilizing the other.C) military rescue operations.D) treaty provisions covering prisoners of war.
2. Metacomet (King Philip) leads a war against New England settlers in the 1670s becauseA) trade was declining between the settlers and Indians.B) Puritan missionaries had become too aggressive.C) settlers continued to encroach upon Indian lands.D) he needed to divert attention away from internal problems.
1660-85 sees massive increase in Eng settlement on east coast
Restoration Colonies But also major threats to colonial
society New England and Chesapeake - King
Philip’s War & Bacon’s Rebellion New Mexico – Pope
PROBLEMS IN NEW ENGLAND
King Philip’s War
Indian – White relations at low ebb by 1670s.
Treaties with Indians not kept, no real attempt by whites to
engage with Indians nefarious tactics to get land.
Metacom – named ‘King Philip’ by whites, chief of Wampanoags,
Specific grievances loss of tribal lands effect of alcohol and
guns on people also Puritan treatment of
‘praying Indians’ confined to praying
villages, taken away from homes and families
War probably planned by Metacom/King Philip
betrayed by Christian Indian, John Sassamon.
Sassamon murdered, seen as evidence his warnings were correct
3 Wampanoag Indians tried and executed for his murder – but real suspicion directed at King Philip
Puritans mount pre-emptive strike vs Wampanoag in late 1675
Consequences 3000 Indians killed (50% of popn) Loss of tribal leaders exile of many Indians to west,
captives sold into slavery Remaining tribes confined to
praying villages. End of Native threat in New
England
Cost £100,000 - came close to bankrupting many colonies.
2500 white settlers killed 10% of white men of fighting age
Damaged 52 of the 90 settlements in New England, totally destroying 12 of them.
Psychological – King Philip’sWar ‘so dreadful a judgment’ for straying from path of righteousness, i.e. a warning from God, yet victory shows God
still on white side White settlement restricted, doesn’t reach 1675
levels again until 1710
More Problems in New England Between June – September 1692 in a New
England town 19 men and women were carted to Gallows Hill
for hanging Another man pressed to death under heavy stones Dozens languished in jail for months without
trials. Then, almost as soon as it had begun, the
hysteria that swept through Puritan Massachusetts ended.
Background 1688, John Putnam
an influential elder of Salem Village, invited Samuel Parris,
a marginally successful planter and merchant in Barbados, to preach in the Village church A year later, after negotiations over salary, inflation
adjustments, and free firewood, Parris accepted the job as Village minister.
He moved to Salem Village with his wife Elizabeth, six-year-old daughter Betty, niece Abagail Williams, Indian slave Tituba, acquired by Parris in Barbados.
Salem in the midst of change mercantile elite was
beginning to develop two clans (the Putnams and
the Porters) were competing for control of the village and its pulpit
Debate raging over how independent Salem Village tied more to the interior
agricultural regions should be from Salem, a
center of sea trade.
February 1692 Betty Parris became strangely ill.
Dashed about, Dove under furniture, Contorted in pain, Complained of fever.
The cause of her symptoms may have been combination of
stress, asthma, guilt, boredom, child abuse, epilepsy, and delusional psychosis.
At the time there was another theory to explain the girls' symptoms.
Cotton Mather recently published "Memorable Providences,"
Described suspected witchcraft of an Irish washerwoman in Boston
Betty's behavior in some ways mirrored that of the afflicted person
Easy to believe in 1692 in Salem Remains of an Indian war raging less
than seventy miles away many refugees from the war had
settled in the area The devil was close at hand Sudden and violent death occupied
minds.
Why did this travesty of justice occur? Why did it occur in where it did? Nothing about this tragedy was inevitable. Only an unfortunate combination of
an ongoing frontier war economic conditions congregational strife teenage boredom personal jealousies
can account for the accusations, trials, and executions that occurred in the spring and summer of 1692 in Salem