Wesite Report

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A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS (With emphasis on the comparative analysis of their new website with the existing website)

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION…

SUBMITTED BY: Pooja Singh Roll No- 1001170077

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Mr. Arindam Banerjee(Internal Guide,U.I.M) Mr. Prashant Dubey (External Guide,D.L.W)

UNITED INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT ALLAHABAD

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

http://www.studynation.com/college/united-institute-management-allahabad/2971

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I POOJA SINGH student of “Master of Business Administration” of UNITED

INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, ALLAHABAD affiliated to GAUTAM BUDDH

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, Lucknow hereby declare that all the information, facts, and

findings furnished in the report are based on my indigenous work and are original in

Nature.

The information is used for purely coincidental in nature.

(POOJA SINGH)

MBA-3rd Semester Academic Year-2010-2011 United Institute Of Management Allahabad


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Training is an integral part of our academic curriculum. During the training a student gets

an opportunity to set the practical aspect of theory. Training makes the concept clearer.

The training is the most important part of life which gives a perfect knowledge of practical

life.

This project report is the outcome of the training that I have Undergone for “ A STUDY

OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE

WORKS (With emphasis on the comparative analysis of their new website with the

existing website) ” with special reference to DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS at Varanasi

for the partial fulfillment of Master of Business Administration.

Under this project I have chosen a rail engine making company in order to highlight

products and services provided by it and also find out it’s working and use of IT for

fulfillment of my requirement of the project.

(POOJA SINGH) MBA-3rd Semester Academic Year-2010-2011 United Institute Of Management Allahabad


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While submitting the project report prepared by me on the topic “ A STUDY OF THE

IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS

(With emphasis on the comparative analysis of their new website with the existing website)

” with special reference to Diesel Locomotive Works, Varanasi. I have by acknowledged

my humble gratitude and loyal thanks to Mr. Prashant Dubey, my team leader and the

whole staff members of D.L.W for their co-operation and guidance in conducting my

summer training successful.

I would like to thanks my teachers speciallyProf.T.B Singh(principal),Dr.Rakesh

Srivastava(Head of Department), and my mentor Mr.Arindam Banerjee for their

encouragement and valuable suggestions which helped me a lot during working on this

project work.

I wish to take this opportunity to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who have given

me their precious time and humble guidance in completion of my project.

Last but not the least I am heartily thankful to my Training and Placement cell, my parents

and all of my friends without whose co-operation and encouragement this project report

would not have been completed.

(POOJA SINGH) MBA-3rd Semester Academic Year-2010-2011 United Institute Of Management Allahabad

CHAPTER:1

Objectives of study.


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CHAPTER:2 Company’s Profile.

CHAPTER:3

Review of Literatures

CHAPTER:4 Overview of networks used in Diesel Locomotive Works.

CHAPTER:5

Research Methodology.CHAPTER:6

Data analysis and interpretation.CHAPTER:7

Findings

CHAPTER:8 Suggestions.

CHAPTER:9 Conclusion.

CHAPTER:10 Bibiliography

CHAPTER:11 Annexture


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Chapter: 1

“OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY”

1.1 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the present study are as follows:

To provide a report that gives a complete picture of use of technology in Diesel

Locomotive Works, Varanasi.

To study the impact of Information Technology on Diesel Locomotive Works.


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To study and analyze the use of computer networks for communication purpose

in the company.

To study the daily website management of the company.

To find out comparison between the existing website with new website.

To find out the satisfaction level of employees after using the new website.

Chapter: 2


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(D.L.W, Varanasi)The Diesel Locomotive Works (DLW) in Varanasi, India, is a production unit owned by

Indian Railways, for which it manufactures diesel-electric locomotives and spare parts.


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Vision - "To be a world class manufacturer of Diesel - electric locomotives."

Mission - "We shall achieve our vision through Continuous Improvement in the areas of

Product Quality, Research and Development, Supplier Partnership, Human Resource

Development and Team Work with emphasis on Core Competence leading to Customer

Satisfaction and Business Excellence."

Diesel Locomotive Works is an ISO 9002 certified manufacturer of diesel electric

locomotive and is one of the biggest industrial complexes in eastern part of the country.

DLW attracts lot of foreign tourists, students to witness on going wonderful locomotive

manufacturing process and is christened as Industrial Temple of Varanasi.

Diesel Locomotive Works was set up in 1961 with technical collaboration from M/s.

ALCO/USA with a modest beginning of manufacturing 4 locos 1964; today DLW is the

largest Diesel Locomotive manufacturer in the world, and the largest in Asia. In order to

capture export market & widen its product range. Indian railway entered in to a contract

for Transfer of Technology (TOT) with M/s. General Motors, USA for manufacture of

4000 HP state of the art locos at DLW. After assimilation of this technology, DLW will


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become the only factory in the world capable of producing ALCO as well as General

Motors designs of locomotives.

Diesel Locomotive Work

Industry Railway

Founded 1961

Headquarters Varanasi, India

Products Locomotives

Website www.dlw.indianrailways.gov.in

The DLW rolled out its first locomotive three years later, on January 3, 1964. It

manufactures locomotives which are variants based on the original ALCO designs dating

to 1960s and the GM EMD designs of the 1990s. DLW has an annual production capacity

of 150 locomotives and plans to increase it to 200 based on the current demand.


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MILES STONES

August 1961 DLW set up as a green field project in technical collaboration with ALCO, USA for manufacture of Diesel Electric Locomotives

January 1964 First Locomotive rolled out and dedicated to the Nation


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January 1976 Entered Export market, first locomotive exported to Tanzania

December 1977 First Diesel Generating Set commissioned

October 1995 The Transfer of Technology agreement was signed

March 2002 The first indigenous EMD WDG4 freight loco manufactured

November 2002 3600 HP Engine produced

March 2003 The first indigenous passenger version of EMD loco WDP4 manufactured

September 2003 Development of 16 cylinder 3300 HP Power upgraded DLW engine, WDM3D locomotive

November 2009 5690 locomotives up to 30th Nov'2009(including 348 EMD locos)

D.L.W has supplied locomotives to other countries such as Germany, Sri Lanka, Malaysia,

Bangladesh, Mali, Senegal, Sudan ,Tanzania, Angola, and Vietnam and also to a few users

within India, such as large power plants.

A flagship production unit of Indian Railways offering complete range of products

in its area of operation with annual turnover of over 2124 Crore.


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State of the art Design and Manufacturing facility to manufacture 200 locomotives

per annum with wide range of related products viz. DG Sets, Loco components and

sub-assemblies.

Supply of spares required to maintain Diesel Locomotives and DG sets.

Unbeatable trail-blazing track record in providing cost-effective, eco-friendly and

reliable solutions to ever increasing transportation needs for over four decades.

Fully geared to meet specific transportation needs by putting Price - Value -

Technology equation perfectly right.

A large base of delighted customers among many countries viz. Myanmar, Sri

Lanka, Malaysia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Tanzania, Angola, to name a few, bearing

testimony to product leadership in its category.

Quality, Environment, Health & Safety Policy


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Diesel Locomotive Works is a Production Unit of Indian Railways, manufacturing Diesel-

electric Locomotives, Diesel Generating sets and their spares for Indian Railways, Non-

Railway Customers and exports.

We are committed to achieve excellence by:

Continual improvement of the Quality, Environmental and Health & Safety - at-

work - place performance.

Preventing pollution by all means including minimizing resource consumption and

waste generation using cleaner technologies, material substitution and process

changes.

Preventing all injuries and loss of property including environmental performance

through continuous safety inspections.

Striving for compliance with all applicable Environmental and Health & Safety

legislations.

Striving for "Right first time" and safe working practice through system

improvement and training.

Enhancing Customer Satisfaction through improvement in reliability and

performance of products.

Preventing all employees from occupational diseases and health hazards.

We shall:

Set objectives & targets and periodically monitor their progress through internal audit and

management review.


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Communicate Quality, Environment and Health & Safety policy to the employees and to

make it available to the public on demand. Periodically review our Quality, Environment

and Health & Safety policy and management systems for continuing suitability, adequacy

and effectiveness.


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Environmental Management:

A healthy and congenial environment alone can produce and promote healthy citizens we

firmly believe. In order to have a clean and green DLW, we have a well defined integrated

environmental policy. This promotes an ever motivated work-force, giving rise to products

of International standard

Environmental Objectives:

Reduction in Resource consumption

Reduction in Fire Emergencies -10% every year

Improvement in Emergency preparedness

Monitoring of water & ambient air periodically

Sewage Treatment Plant:

STP is mainly concerned with the treatment of domestic and industrial sewage. The treated

water is used for irrigation purpose up to nearby Lohta farm and kitchen gardening at

DLW premises. The digested sludge is sent to sludge drying beds, later to be used as

manure. Methane gas mainly produced from the digester is collected in the gas holder and

supplied to the canteen.


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Industrial Effluent Treatment Plant:

IETP does the job of treatment of industrial effluent which mainly contains oil and grease .

The treated water is sent to nearby villages for farming and kitchen gardening at DLW.

Chromium Treatment Plant:


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CTP deals with the treatment of effluents from CRP shop (Chrome Plating Shop). This has

varying concentration of hexavalent chromium. This hexavalent chromium is converted

into trivalent chromium in acidic condition and is precipitated. This sludge, after drying in

the form of cakes, is stored in a covered tank made of concrete. Water after treatment is

used for irrigation in nearby villages.

Occupational Health & Safety Management:


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DLW is OHSAS-18001 certified since September, 2005. OHSAS formulates the work-

procedures, defines hazards, assesses the risks involved therein and generates awareness

regarding use of personal protective equipments at workplace. This enhances safety at

work-place, reduces chances of accidents and makes workers more confident leading to

increase in productivity.

OHS Objectives:

Reduction in HOD cases -10% every year.

Improvement in use of PPEs (100%) .

Recharging of Ground water .

Monitoring of water & ambient air periodically.


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DLW undertakes a Varity of welfare activities for its over 6000 personnel. Important among these are:

Education Facilities:

DLW administration runs 4 schools providing Primary and Secondary Education to more

than 2600 students. DLW Women's Welfare Organization also runs a primary school Bal

Niketan. DLW township also possesses 1 Post Graduate Girl's College, 2 Central Schools, 1

Senior Secondary School.

Medical Facilities:

105 bedded well-equipped Railway Hospital, a Health Unit and a First-Aid post in

workshop provide comprehensive health care to around 20,000 Railway family members. A

Homeopathic and an Ayurvedic dispensary are also available.

Railway Quarters:

A total of 3641 staff quarters are provided to the DLW employees. The Railway colony is

well maintained and green, providing excellent pollution free environment.

Compassionate Appointments:

Families of deceased employees are helped by the way of compassionate appointment to the

wards.


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Settlement Dues to retired employees and the families of the deceased employees:

Special attention at highest level is given to settle the dues of the retired employees and the

families of the deceased employees.

Institute/Community Centre etc.:

For various social needs of the staff 1 Community Hall, 2 Institutes, 2 Barat Ghars, 1

Kalyan Kendra, 1 Rangshala and 1 Officers Club are functioning on the premises.�

Cinema Club:

For recreation of staff a Cinema Hall of around 700 capacity is functioning since 1967 in

DLW.

Sports & Game:

All kinds of facilities for various games like Cricket, Hockey, Basketball, Badminton,

Volley-ball, Football, Table Tennis, Gymnasium, Athletics, Swimming, Golf, and Rifle

Shooting have been provided for the staff. Various Inter Railway Tournaments are

regularly arranged in DLW premises.


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The major functions of this department are:-

1. Organization Problems of the Production Planning Department

The production planning department decide the clear picture about its

objectives and well organized the objectives.

(A) Section which compiles and records information relating to:

(i) The amount of materials and components in stock;

(ii) The orders placed by customers;

(iii) Available plant or plants;

(iv) Capacity of plant or plants : and

(v) Operations, process and times & involved.

As the section contains systematic and valuable reports in regard to different

aspects, the top officials are directly or indirectly connected with this

department. This department must collect the relevant and adequate

information regarding stock, plant, equipment tools, fixtures, labour input,

production, depreciation, kind and quantity required by customers, delays

and improvements etc. it should also keep stores ledger car which may be of

three types : inventory details, record of consumption and general

information.

(B) Section which deals with serious and thoughtful consideration to

different schemes, operations, processes, tools, machinery and auxiliary

equipments etc. considerations are being materialized in writing and drawing

charts and figures on paper.

(C) Section which translates the plan into reality and controls results. This

section may be sub-divided into two sub-sections: (i) Sub-section which deals

with the theoretical aspects mainly of clerical nature. (ii) Sub-section which


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deals with the practical aspects. The production planning department must

adopt systematic methods of observation, inspection and reporting on

regular intervals. It must also see that necessary corrective measures and

modifications for the future should be made to obtain better results.

2. Necessary Facts Required for production planning Department

The production planning department is equipped with full fledged

information in regard to the following so that it may proceed smoothly its

production planning even in the time of unfavorable conditions:

a) Data regarding product engineering, design of the product, basic type of

processes and operations, assembly and sub-assembly methods.

b) Material specifications and standardization and the volume of raw-

materials required to obtain better economy on large scale.

c) The most advantageous sequence of operations and minimum production

cost.

d) Economic lots which will usher in most frequent turnover of inventories.

e) Fixtures, tools, jigs and dimensional gauging instruments which will be

required for production.

f) Information regarding normal and maximum capacity of the plant.

g) Rate of output per hour, per day, per week and per month.

h) Information as regards materials cost per unit, labour cost per unit and

overhead cost per unit.

i) Obsolescence and its rate and loss in storage.

j) Fixed rate of interest on invested capital.

k) Customer's order in hand and promised delivery dates.

l) Full information regarding job analysis and merit rating.

m) Immediately required quantity for delivery purposes and for stock


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purposes.

n) Type of training necessary for the effective performance of he different

jobs.

o) Information in regard to the personnel policy of the enterprise.

p) Updated picture of modern developments in the field of production

technique and planning.

3. Putting Plans into Operation

Having decided when work shall be produced, authority must be given for it to commence

and instructions given to get material on the move and actually to do the work. Methods

for doing this vary from a copy of the customer's order to a detailed specification with part

list and drawings and detailed manufacturing instructions, with all supporting documents

for each part.

4. Planning Problem of developing plans

So much for the tools of loading; the technique can only be learnt by practice, but there are

several precepts which are generally applicable.

5. Records of Times and Capacities for Processes and Operations of facts


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The second type of basic data which must be compiled and made available is that which

has to do with processes and operations carried on in the factory. It is essential to have

readily available the operations, plant required and production times for all products,

parts and assemblies.

6. Stock Records of Facts

In a very few of the large mass-production units, materials flow straight into production

within a day or two of receipt, but nothing like this is possible in the majority of factories.

7. Compiling and Recording the Facts

The science of production planning consists broadly of relating what is wanted to what is

available, on a time basis,. Obviously, this can only be done if all the facts are known facts

relating to what has to be produced and when, and facts relating to capacities and

materials, available.


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The material management department is seeking foolproof tracking of the flow and

management of material information in the enterprise-from purchase, inventory

management to aspects of production and sales.

Some of the features of this department are mentioned below:-

PURCHASE:

Purchase Requisition

The purpose of the screen is to enter the items, which are required by the

department. After entering the header details of a PO requisition through PO required.

Header screen, the line details i.e., what items, how much quantity and the due date.

Purchase Requisition Approval

PO required approval screen helps to view, modify and confirm the PO requisition

waiting to get confirmed.

Purchase order(Regular as well as Blanket)

The purpose of PO screen is to raise the purchase order against a vendor. Purchase

order can be raised directly, on requisition or by copying an old PO. There are two

types of PO.REGULAR and BLANKET order. PO can be raised with planned

status, once the complete stock is received against respective PO the status

automatically become completed.

INVENTORY:


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Miscellaneous Report

The purpose of miscellaneous receipts screen is to raise the receipts against an item

received without having PO.

Miscellaneous Issues

The purpose of miscellaneous Issues screen is to issue the miscellaneous item

without a production order.

Quantity Adjustment

The purpose of this screen is to adjust the stock in the system for non-lot tracked

item. Sometime the system quantity does not match with the physical quantity, So to

do the adjustment this screen can be used.

PRODUCTION

BOM operation

This screen is used to define the number of operations or process details required to

manufacture the finished goods(FG).

Production Issues


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The purpose of the screen is to issue raw materials or items required for a released

production order from multiple nettable locations to company issue location for

production.

SALES

Sales Order

The purpose of co screen is to raise the customer order against a customer. There

are two types of customers regular and blanket order. CO can be raised with

planned status, once the complete stock is delivered against respective co the status

automatically become completed.

Shipment

The purpose of the screen is to raise the shipment note against a customer order,

which describe all the shipment details of a customer.

Invoice

The purpose of the screen is to generate the invoice against a customer order.

Sales Return

The screen is used to keep the track of all the sales return made.


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The financial strength of any business organization depends on efficient acquisition and

management of its resources by those who have responsibility and authority to control the

use of these resources and accounting for them accordingly.

The Financial management Department performs the following functions:-

The work

The area of financial management will incorporate managing budgets and deciding on

resource allocation. It will include:

Payroll and pensions - ensuring staff get paid

Accounts - paying for goods and services, collecting income

Financial systems - the Information Technology (IT) systems that track all financial

activity

Management information - gathering and interpreting the financial data required to

make day-to-day and strategic management decisions

Reporting - preparing annual financial reports and co-ordinating with the Inland

Revenue, VAT collection and other authorities

Financial audit - checking expenditure and income


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This Department performs the following functions:-

Personnel management includes the function of employment, development and

compensation- These functions are performed primarily by the personnel

management in consultation with other departments.

Personnel management is an extension to general management. It is concerned with

promoting and stimulating competent work force to make their fullest contribution

to the concern.

Personnel management exist to advice and assist the line managers in personnel

matters. Therefore, personnel department is a staff department of an organization.

Personnel management lays emphasize on action rather than making lengthy

schedules, plans, and work methods. The problems and grievances of people at work

can be solved more effectively through rationale personnel policies.

It is based on human orientation. It tries to help the workers to develop their

potential fully to the concern.

It also motivates the employees through its effective incentive plans so that the

employees provide fullest co-operation.

Personnel management deals with human resources of a concern. In context to

human resources, it manages both individual as well as blue- collar workers.

WORK OF PERSONNEL MANEGER


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Personnel manager provides assistance to top management- The top management

are the people who decide and frame the primary policies of the concern. All kinds

of policies related to personnel or workforce can be framed out effectively by the

personnel manager.

He advices the line manager as a staff specialist- Personnel manager acts like a staff

advisor and assists the line managers in dealing with various personnel matters.

As a counselor,- As a counselor, personnel manager attends problems and

grievances of employees and guides them. He tries to solve them in best of his

capacity.

Personnel manager acts as a mediator- He is a linking pin between management

and workers.

He acts as a spokesman- Since he is in direct contact with the employees, he is

required to act as representative of organization in committees appointed by

government. He represents company in training programmers.

Recent Milestones & Future Plans


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Milestones achieved:

1. Transfer of Technology Agreement

DLW entered in an agreement with General Motors of USA (now EMD) for

technology of transfer to manufacture high horse-power 4000HP AC-AC

GT46MAC and GT46PAC locomotives in India.

Only country outside North-America to have this leading edge technology.

2. Returns from Transfer of Technology

First PKD WDG-4 locomotive turned out in August 1999.

First DLW built 4000 HP WDG-4 Freight loco turned out in March 2000.

First DLW built 4000 HP WDP-4 loco turned out in April 2002.

3. Locomotive design projects

WDG4 locomotive with IGBT base TCC (Siemens & EMD) turned out.

Indigenous AC-AC control for WDG4 (with distributed power controls)

Indigenous AC-AC control for WDP4 (with hotel load capability)

WDP4 locomotive with IGBT base TCC & Hotel load capability.

4. Loco production

Year wise EMD Loco Production

Year G4 P4 Total


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1999-2000 7 0 72000-01 1 0 12001-02 3 0 32002-03 19 1 20

2003-04 22 2 24

2004-05 0 15 15

2005-06 22 0 22

2006-07 25 14 39

2007-08 39 20 59

2008-09 57 23 80

2009-10 (upto Nov’09) 64 14 78

Total 259 89 348

Design & Development capabilities:

1. Organizational Set Up:


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DLW has a design and development office responsible for all engineering functions related

todiesel locomotives. Equipped with extensive designing tools, this office provides service

support to Zonal Railways / Diesel Locomotive Maintenance Sheds and Locomotive

Overhauling Workshops. This office is also responsible for product development, vendor

development and vendor approval. It also performs technical advisory functions and

coordination with RDSO/Railway Board on technical matters.

Chief Design Engineer heads this office and is assisted by a team of technical experts.

2. Functional Responsibilities:The functional responsibilities of Design and Development Office are:Design development of new locomotives, Import substitution /indigenous development of

loco component, multi-sourcing, day-to-day design matters raised by diesel sheds and

workshops, liaison with Research Design and Standards Organization of Indian Railways,

liaison with supply chain partners in respect of technical matters. Technical matters

connected with Loco Standards Committee, Diesel Maintenance Group etc., providing

technical clarifications in respect of design/specifications & important tenders. Failure

investigations into major assemblies/critical components.

• All design issues of AlCO and EMD locomotives. Moreover, design up gradation of

EMD locomotives like power up gradation to 4500 BCV, incorporation of IGBT based

Technology, Distributed power, Hotel Load, Development of twin cab WDP4 and are

Being dealt with by Design Office.

• Liaison with CQAM and RITES in respect of inspection and quality control standards.


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• Up gradation of technology and quality systems with a view to reducing maintenance

and increasing reliability and availability of locomotives.

• Any new project which is taken up by Marketing for NRC/Export through RITES are

basically dealt by Design Office either independently or in consultation with RDSO. In

case of RDSO design, key designs are circulated with complete manufacturing details

with associated specifications by Design Office. Moreover, Design Office provides all

the technical information to the Marketing for any proposed project.

• Requirements for design of a new diesel electric locomotive for export / NCR.

• Complete design documentation control like specification, drawings, Maintenance

Instructions, Diesel Maintenance Spare Parts Catalogue, Vendor Directory, Design

Publication disseminating information to the Zonal Railways.

3. Major Locomotive Design Projects:I) Locomotive design projects currently in hand.

EMD1. 4500 BCV WDG4 locomotive with IGBT based TCC.

(EMD make)

2. 4500 BCV WDP4 IGBT TCC (EMD make) locomotive

with six traction motors.

3. Indigenous AC-AC control for WDG4 (with distributed power controls)

4. Indigenous AC-AC control for WDP4 (with hotel load

capability)


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5. WDP4 locomotive with IGBT base TCC & Hotel Load Capability

6. 4000/4500 HP WDG4/P4 with Wider Cab.

7. 4500 HP Twin Cab WDP4 locomotive

8. 5000 + HP AC-AC Loco with 20 Cylinder EMD Power Pack

ALCO

1. WDM3D 3600 Hp locomotives with GE electrics.

2. 3500 HP WDM3D locomotive.

3. 3000 HP / 3300 HP cape gauge locomotive for Mozambique Railways.

4.WDG3A loco with Computer Controlled Braking (CCB)

II) Significant Locomotive Designs developed in recent years:EMD1. 4000 HP WDG4 locomotive with IGBT based TCC. (Siemens): Loco No.12102 rolledout in Nov’06

2.4000 HP WDP4 locomotive with IGBT based TCC. (Siemens): Loco No.20040 rolledout in Mar’07

ALCO


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1. 17 ton axle load 12 Cyl. 2300 HP MG for export (Senegal & Mali) – Sept’07

2. 17 ton axle load 2300 HP Cape for export (Sudan) – Jan’07

3. 12 ton axle load 1350 HP Cape gauge locomotive for export (Sudan) – Aug’05

4. 17 ton axle load 2300 HP Cape for export (Angola) – Oct’06

5. 12 ton axle load 1350 HP Cape Gauge locomotive for export (Angola) – Oct’06

6. 12 ton axle load 1350 HP MG Loco for export (Myanmar) – Nov’05 & Mar’06

7. 3100/3300 hp locomotives micro-processor based controls (WDG3A/WDM3D with

indigenous Medha System) – Dec’04

8. 3100/3300 hp locomotives with GETS microprocessor based controls – Mar’02

9. 3100 HP WDM3B (E-type) mixed service diesel electric locomotive – 2005-06

10. 3100/3300 hp locomotives with Siemens microprocessor based controls

11. 3100 hp AC cab WDG3A locomotive. 15 Nos. AC were fitted in WDG3A, WDM3D.

12. 3300 hp WDG3D locomotive with Medha microprocessor based control system –Aug’06

13. WDM3D without equalizing & compensating beam. Loco No.11119 - Mar’06.


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Quality has been a crusade in DLW since its very inception. We actively inculcate the

primary importance of manufacturing a quality product in all our workmen, supervisors

and engineers from the day they join DLW .Each of our workmen is continually trained

and re-trained in Quality aspects.

Modern instrumentation and machinery help the workmen in maintaining a high standard

of quality. Under ISO 9001 certification scheme, all our jigs and fixtures, tools and gauges

are calibrated regularly according to a carefully worked out plan.

DLW has a fully equipped Gauge Room for calibration of gauges, and a Tool Room for

checking of jigs and fixtures. To supplement the rigorous standards of certification for

DLW's vendors, almost all bought- out items are subjected to quality checks and certified

by our inspectors. DLW's Quality thrust has been certified by an internationally accredited

ISO certifying body, and DLW is a proud owner of ISO 9001 certificate for the entire

range of manufacturing activities.

Quality Objectives:

Reduction in rectification & rework

Improvement in Reliability of Locomotives

Reduction in inventory including W.I.P.


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COMPONENT MACHINING

Over 2000 components are manufactured in-house at DLW. These include ALCO turbo

superchargers, lubricating oil pumps, cam shafts, cylinder heads, chrome plated cylinder

liners, connecting rods and various gears. Our well-equipped Machine Shops have

dedicated lines for operations like turning, milling, gear hobbling, drilling, grinding and

planning etc.

In addition, DLW is equipped with a variety of special purpose machines and a large

number of state-of-the-art CNC machines to ensure quality and precision.

Associated manufacturing processes like heat treatment and induction hardening are also

carried out in-house.

A completely new Chrome Plating Shop for Cylinder Liners has been set up with modern

infrastructure like fume extraction system and Programmable Logic Controlled material

movement system.


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ENGINE ASSEMBLY & TESTING

Pre-inspected engine block, crankshaft, camshafts, cylinder liners, pistons, connecting rods,

cylinder heads, exhaust manifold, turbo-supercharger and all related piping is used in

assembly of engine. Electrical machines like traction alternator, auxiliary generator and

exciter are thereafter coupled on the engine.

The complete power pack with electrics are tested on Computerised Engine Test Beds to

verify horsepower output. Vital parameters of engine are checked to assure the quality of

product.

Only after the engine parameters are found perfect the power packs are cleared for

application on Locomotives.


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Component Fabrication

Precision cutting and forming of sheet metal is utilized for manufacture of superstructures

including drivers cab, engine hoods, and compartments for housing electrical equipment.

All activities connected with pipes like pickling, bending, cutting, forming and threading of

pipes of various sizes are undertaken in another well-equipped work area.

All electrical equipment is assembled in the fabricated control compartments and drivers

control stands is done in another work area.


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Under frame Fabrication

Under-frames are fabricated with due care to ensure designed weld strength. Requisite

camber to the under-frame is provided during fabrication itself. Critical Welds areas are

tested radio-graphically. Welder training and their technical competence are periodically

reviewed. EMD under-frame is fabricated using heavy fixtures, positioners to ensure down

hand welding.

Fixtures are used to ensure proper fitting of components and quality welding in subsequent

stages.

BOGIE MANUFACTURING

Special purpose machines are utilized for machining cast and fabricated bogie frames. Axle

and wheel disc machining is undertaken on sophisticated CNC machines. Inner diameter of

wheel discs are matched with the outer diameter of axles and assembled on wheel press.

The complete truck (bogie), including bogie frames, wheels and axles, brake rigging and

traction motors are assembled which is ready for application to locomotive.


46

LOCOMOTIVE ASSEMBLY

Tested engines are received from Engine Division. Similarly under-frames are received

from Loco frame Shop and Assembled trucks from Truck Machine Shop. Superstructures

and contractor compartments are received from respective manufacturing and assembly

shops of Vehicle Division. Important alignments like crank shaft deflection, compressor

alignment and Eddy Current clutch/radiator fan alignment are done during assembly

stage.

Electrical control equipments are fitted and control cable harnessing is undertaken. The

complete locomotive is thus assembled before being sent onwards for final testing and

painting.

all locomotive systems are rigorous tested as per laid down test procedures before the

locomotive is taken up for final painting and dispatch.


47

Flame Cutting of Components

Steel plates are ultrasonically tested before being precision cut by numerically controlled

flame cutting machines, Plasma Cutting Machine. Components are straightened and

machined prior to fitting & tacking on fixture designed specially for engine block

fabrication to ensure close tolerance on engine block.


48

Fabrication of Engine Block

Components after flame cutting and various machining operations are fit and tack welded

before taking on rollovers. Heavy Argon-CO2 welding is done on these rollovers. High

quality of welding is done by qualified welders. Weld joints are subjected to various tests

like ultrasonic, X-rays, Visual etc.

Down-hand welding is ensured using specially designed positioners.

Fabrication of engine block is completed by submerged arc welding using semi-automatic

welding machines.

Special fixtures are used for making down-hand welding possible in inaccessible areas.

Critical welds are subjected to radiographic examination. All welders are periodically

tested and re-qualified for the assigned.

After complete welding well-meant is stress relieved and marking is done for subsequent

machining.

Portal Milling Machine


49

Engine block machining is done on Portal Milling Machine which is a 5 axis CNC machine

with SIEMENs 840-D state of art system control with dedicated tool management system.

This machine performs milling, drilling, tapping and boring operations in single setting.

The machine accuracy of 10 micron enables adhering to the tolerance required on engine

block.


50

Angular Boring Machine

Angular boring "V" boring is done of special purpose machine. This special purpose

machine has two high precision angular boring bars.

The cutting inserts are arranged on boring bars to achieve evenly distributed cutting load

during boring operation. This contributes to accuracy while machining.

Boring bars are mounted on high precision bearings which provide control on size during

angular boring. The machine is capable of boring and drilling to different sizes.


51

Chapter: 3

“REVIEW OF LITRATURES”


52

2.1 REVIEW OF LITRATURE

The purpose of this chapter is to present a review of literature relating to the

Information Technology and website management. Although Information Technology and

website management is an important ingredient in the smooth working of business entities,

it has not attracted much attention of scholars.

Ever since the evolution of the concept of Information Technology, several authors have

attempted to analyze the concept by defining it so that the components and concept of

information technology are properly identified. In doing so quantitative and qualitative

characteristics of webstes management and information technology are also identified to

make website for meeting specific needs. These efforts have offered further scope to the

authors to approach this topic in the context of management of components of website and

information technology in many ways. Such approaches have also facilitated evolution of

techniques to manage websites. Each these approaches has their own basis and

justification. Views expressed by various authors suggest further need to analyze website

management issues.


53

1. Research Methodology by Mr. C.R. KOTHARI

This book helps a lot in conducting Research and in analysis

of data. it helps me lot in choosing the sample size, sample method and

provide guideline for conducting research.

3. Diesel Locomotive Works annual report helps in data collection &analysis

4. Diesel Locomotive website : www.dlw.indianrailways.gov.in


54

Chapter: 4

“OVERVIEW OF NETWORKS USED

IN DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS”


55

Computers while large institution had at most a few dozen. The idea that within twenty

years equally powerful computers smaller than postage stamps would be mass produced by

the millions was pure science fiction.

The merging of computers and communications has had a profound influnce on the way

computer system are organized . The concept of the “ Computer Centres ” as a room with a

large computer to which users bring their work for processing their work as now totally

absolete. The old model of a single computer serving all of the organizational’s

computational needs has been replaced by one in which a large number of separate but

interconnected computers do the job. These systems are called computer networks. A good communication system is a must of every organization. Organization depend

on inter connected network of computer to serve their information processing needs. We

live in a network connected world,thus network is a group of two or more computer system

linked together.

Generally a communication network is any arrangement where a sender transnmit message to areceiver over a channel consisting of some type of medium.

Following are the five basic components that consist in networking:-

TERMINALS viz microcomputer,telephones,fax machine etc.

TELECOMMUNICATION PROCESSOR viz modems,multiplexer,front end.


56

TELECOMMUNICATION & MEDIA viz telecommunication use combination of

media viz copper wires,coaxial cables,fiber optic cables microwave systems and

communication satellite system to inter connect the other component of a network.

COMPUTER-

A mainframe computer may served as a host computer for a large organization

network assisted by mini computers acting as network of end users micro computer

work stations.

TELECOMMUNICATION SOFTWARE-

Telecommunication software consist of programs that reside in host computer system,

Communication control computers and end user computer.

No matter how large and complex that real world networks may appear to be, their five

basic components must be at work to support a network.


57

There are many types of networks . However from an end users point of view there are

three basic types:-


58

LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)A LAN connects network devices over a relatively short distance. A networked office

building, school, or home usually contains a single LAN, though sometimes one building

will contain a few small LANs (perhaps one per room), and occasionally a LAN will span a

group of nearby buildings. In TCP/IP networking, a LAN is often but not always

implemented as a single IP subnet.

In addition to operating in a limited space, LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and

managed by a single person or organization. They also tend to use certain connectivity

technologies, primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.

LANs are distinguished from other kinds of network by three characteristics:-

Their size

Transmission Technology and

Their Topology.


59

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a

large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks(LANs) using

a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link

services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet.

We can also define A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects

users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by

even a large local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area

network (WAN). The term is applied to the interconnection of networks in a city into a

single larger network (which may then also offer efficient connection to a wide area

network). It is also used to mean the interconnection of several local area networks by

bridging them with backbone lines. The latter usage is also sometimes referred to as a

campus network.

Examples of metropolitan area networks of various sizes can be found in the metropolitan

areas of London, England; Lodz, Poland; and Geneva, Switzerland. Large universities also

sometimes use the term to describe their networks. A recent trend is the installation of

wireless MANs.


60

A key aspect of MAN is that there is a broadcast medium(for 802.6 two cable) to which all

the computers are attached.

A MAN often provides efficient connections to a wide area network (WAN). There are

three important features which discriminate MANs from LANs or WANs:

1. The network size falls intermediate between LANs and WANs. A MAN typically

covers an area of between 5 and 50 km range. Many MANs cover an area the size of

a city, although in some cases MANs may be as small as a group of buildings.

2. A MAN (like a WAN) is not generally owned by a single organisation. The MAN, its

communications links and equipment are generally owned by either a consortium of

users or by a network service provider who sells the service to the users.

3. A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources. It

is also frequently used to provide a shared connection to other networks using a link

to a WAN.


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WIDE AREA NETWORK(WAN)

As the term implies, a WAN spans a large physical distance. The Internet is the largest

WAN, spanning the Earth.

A WAN is a geographically-dispersed collection of LANs. A network device called a router

connects LANs to a WAN. In IP networking, the router maintains both a LAN address and

a WAN address.

A WAN differs from a LAN in several important ways. Most WANs (like the Internet) are

not owned by any one organization but rather exist under collective or distributed

ownership and management. WANs tend to use technology like ATM, Frame Relay and

X.25 for connectivity over the longer distances.

Wireless Local Area Network - a LAN based on WiFi wireless network technology


62

PROTOCOL

In information technology, a protocol (from the Greek protocol on, which was a leaf of

paper glued to a manuscript volume, describing its contents) is the special set of rules that

end points in a telecommunication connection use when they communicate. Protocols exist

at several levels in a telecommunication connection. For example, there are protocols for

the data interchange at the hardware device level and protocols for data interchange at the

application program level. In the standard model known as Open Systems Interconnection

(OSI), there are one or more protocols at each layer in the telecommunication exchange

that both ends of the exchange must recognize and observe. Protocols are often described

in an industry or international standard.

LAN - Local Area Network Protocols Ethernet Ethernet LAN protocols as defined in IEEE 802.3 suite

Fast Ethernet: Ethernet LAN at data rate 100Mbps (IEEE 802.3u)

Gigabit Ethernet: Ethernet at data rate 1000Mbps (IEEE 802.3z, 802.3ab)

10Gigabit Ethernet: Ethernet at data rate 10 Gbps (IEEE 802.3ae)

WLAN Wireless LAN in IEEE 802.11, 802,11a, 802.11b, 802.11g and 802.11n

IEEE 802.11i: WLAN Security Standards

IEEE 802.1X: WLAN Authentication & Key Management

IEEE 802.15: Bluetooth for Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

VLAN IEEE 802.1Q: Virtual LAN Bridging Switching Protocol

GARP: Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (802.1P)

GMRP: GARP Multicast Registration Protocol (802.1P)


63

GVRP: GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (802.1P, 802.1Q)

VTP: VLAN Trunking Protocol

Token Ring Token Ring: IEEE 802.5 LAN protocol

FDDI FDDI: Fiber Distributed Data Interface

Others LLC: Logic Link Control (IEEE 802.2)

SNAP: Sub Network Access Protocol

STP: Spanning Tree Protocol (IEEE 802.1D)

IEEE 802.1p: LAN Layer 2 QoS/CoS Protocol

TOPOLOGYTopology is a logical extension of a data communication system. In a computer network,two or more computers (often referred to as nodes) are linked together with carriers and data communication devices for the purpose of communicating data and shairing resources. The term network topology refers to the way in which the nodes of a network are linked together. It determines the data paths that may be used between any pair of nodes in the network.

ARCHITECTUREComputer on networks are sometimes called nodes. Computers and devices that allocate

resources for a network are called SERVER.

NETWORK TOPOLOGIES


64

As we have seen earlier, Topology is the geometric arrangement of the computers in a

network , common topologies include Star, Ring, and Bus.

RING TOPOLOGY:-

A ring network is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other

nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node - a ring. Data

travels from node to node, with each node along the way handling every packet.

Because a ring topology provides only one pathway between any two nodes, ring networks

may be disrupted by the failure of a single link. A node failure or cable break might isolate

every node attached to the ring.

FDDI networks overcome this vulnerability by sending data on a clockwise and a

counterclockwise ring: in the event of a break data is wrapped back onto the

complementary ring before it reaches the end of the cable, maintaining a path to every

node along the resulting "C-Ring".

Many ring networks add a "counter-rotating ring" to form a redundant topology. Such

"dual ring" networks include Spatial Reuse Protocol, Fiber Distributed Data Interface

(FDDI), and Resilient Packet Ring.

802.5 networks -- also known as IBM Token Ring networks—avoid the weakness of a ring

topology altogether: they actually use a star topology at the physical layer and a

Multistation Access Unit (MAU) to imitate a ring at the datalink layer

Advantages


65

Very orderly network where every device has access to the token and the opportunity

to transmit

Performs better than a bus topology under heavy network load

Does not require a central node to manage the connectivity between the computers

Disadvantages

One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire network

Moves, adds and changes of devices can affect the network

Communication delay is directly proportional to number of nodes in the network

Bandwidth is shared on all links between devices

STAR TOPOLOGY:-


66

Star networks are one of the most common computer network topologies. In its simplest

form, a star network consists of one central switch, hub or computer, which acts as a

conduit to transmit messages. This consists of a central node, to which all other nodes are

connected; this central node provides a common connection point for all nodes through a

hub. Thus, the hub and leaf nodes, and the transmission lines between them, form a graph

with the topology of a star. If the central node is passive, the originating node must be able

to tolerate the reception of an echo of its own transmission, delayed by the two-way

transmission time (i.e. to and from the central node) plus any delay generated in the central

node. An active star network has an active central node that usually has the means to

prevent echo-related problems.

The star topology reduces the chance of network failure by connecting all of the systems to

a central node. When applied to a bus-based network, this central hub rebroadcasts all

transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network,

sometimes including the originating node. All peripheral nodes may thus communicate

with all others by transmitting to, and receiving from, the central node only. The failure of

a transmission line linking any peripheral node to the central node will result in the

isolation of that peripheral node from all others, but the rest of the systems will be

unaffected.

It is also designed with each node (file servers, workstations, and peripherals) connected

directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator.

Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing

to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of

the network. It is also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common

with twisted pair cable. However, it can also be used with coaxial cable or optical fibre

cable.

Advantages


67

Better performance: star topology prevents the passing of data packets through an

excessive number of nodes. At most, 3 devices and 2 links are involved in any

communication between any two devices. Although this topology places a huge

overhead on the central hub, with adequate capacity, the hub can handle very high

utilization by one device without affecting others.

Isolation of devices: Each device is inherently isolated by the link that connects it to the

hub. This makes the isolation of individual devices straightforward and amounts to

disconnecting each device from the others. This isolation also prevents any non-

centralized failure from affecting the network.

Benefits from centralization: As the central hub is the bottleneck, increasing its

capacity, or connecting additional devices to it, increases the size of the network very

easily. Centralization also allows the inspection of traffic through the network. This

facilitates analysis of the traffic and detection of suspicious behavior.

Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.

Disadvantages

High dependence of the system on the functioning of the central hub

Failure of the central hub renders the network inoperable


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BUS TOPOLOGY:-

A bus network uses a multi-drop transmission medium, all node on the network share a

common bus and thus share communication. This allows only one device to transmit at a

time. A distributed access protocol determines which station is to transmit. Data frames

contain source and destination addresses, where each station monitors the bus and copies

frames addressed to itself.

( a typical bus topology)

A bus topology connects each computer (nodes) to a single segment trunk (a

communication line, typically coax cable, that is referred to as the 'bus'. The signal travels

from one end of the bus to the other. A terminator is required at each to absorb the signal

so as it does not reflect back across the bus. A media access method called CSMA/MA is

used to handle the collision that occur when two signals placed on the wire at the same

time. The bus topology is passive. In other words, the computers on the bus simply 'listen'

for a signal; they are not responsible for moving the signal along.


69

Advantages:

Failure of one of the station does not affect others.

Good compromise over the other two topologies as it allows relatively high rate of

data tansmittion.

Well suited for temporary networks that must be set up in a hurry.

Easy to implement and extend.

Disadvantage:

Require a network to detect when two nodes are transmitting at the same time.

Does not cope well with heavy traffic rates

Difficult to administer/troubleshoot.

Limited cable length and number of stations.

A cable brake can disable the entire network; no redundancy.

Maintenance cost may be higher in the long run.

Performance degrade as additional computers are added.


70

FIREWALL

A firewall is a device or set of devices designed to permit or deny network transmissions

based upon a set of rules and is frequently used to protect networks from unauthorized

access while permitting legitimate communications to pass.

Many personal computer operating systems include software-based firewalls to protect

against threats from the public Internet. Many routers that pass data between networks

contain firewall components and, conversely, many firewalls can perform basic routing

functions.

TYPES OF FIREWALL

There are different types of firewalls depending on where the communication is taking

place, where the communication is intercepted and the state that is being traced.

1) Network layer and packet filters

Network layer firewalls, also called packet filters, operate at a relatively low level of the

TCP/IP protocol stack, not allowing packets to pass through the firewall unless they match

the established rule set. The firewall administrator may define the rules; or default rules

may apply. The term "packet filter" originated in the context of BSD operating systems.

Network layer firewalls generally fall into two sub-categories, stateful and stateless.

Stateful firewalls maintain context about active sessions, and use that "state information"

to speed packet processing. Any existing network connection can be described by several

properties, including source and destination IP address, UDP or TCP ports, and the

current stage of the connection's lifetime (including session initiation, handshaking, data


71

transfer, or completion connection). If a packet does not match an existing connection, it

will be evaluated according to the ruleset for new connections. If a packet matches an

existing connection based on comparison with the firewall's state table, it will be allowed to

pass without further processing.

Stateless firewalls require less memory, and can be faster for simple filters that require less

time to filter than to look up a session. They may also be necessary for filtering stateless

network protocols that have no concept of a session. However, they cannot make more

complex decisions based on what stage communications between hosts have reached.

Modern firewalls can filter traffic based on many packet attributes like source IP address,

source port, destination IP address or port, destination service like WWW or FTP. They

can filter based on protocols, TTL values, netblock of originator, of the source, and many

other attributes.

Commonly used packet filters on various versions of Unix are ipf (various), ipfw

(FreeBSD/Mac OS X), pf (OpenBSD, and all other BSDs), iptables/ipchains (Linux).

Advantages

The primary advantage of packet-filtering firewalls is that they are located in just

about every device on the network. Routers, switches, wireless access points, Virtual

Private Network (VPN) concentrators, and so on may all have the capability of

being a packet-filtering firewall.

Routers from the very smallest home office to the largest service-provider devices

inherently have the capability to control the flow of packets through the use of

ACLs.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipchains

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netfilter

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipfirewall

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPFilter

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Switches may use Routed Access-Control Lists (RACLs), which provide the

capability to control traffic flow on a "routed" (Layer 3) interface; Port Access

Control Lists (PACL), which are assigned to a "switched" (Layer 2) interface; and

VLAN Access Control Lists (VACLs), which have the capability to control

"switched" and/or "routed" packets on a VLAN.

Other networking devices may also have the power to enforce traffic flow through

the use of ACLs. Consult the appropriate device documentation for details.

Packet-filtering firewalls are most likely a part of your existing network. These devices may

not be the most feature rich, but when you need to quickly implement a security policy to

mitigate an attack, protect against infected devices, and so on, this may be the quickest

solution to deploy.


http://www.networkworld.com/subnets/cisco/chapters/1587053535/graphics/01fig01.jpg

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2.Application-layer Firewall

Application-layer firewalls work on the application level of the TCP/IP stack (i.e., all

browser traffic, or all telnet or ftp traffic), and may intercept all packets traveling to or

from an application. They block other packets (usually dropping them without

acknowledgment to the sender). In principle, application firewalls can prevent all

unwanted outside traffic from reaching protected machines.

On inspecting all packets for improper content, firewalls can restrict or prevent outright

the spread of networked computer worms and trojans. The additional inspection criteria

can add extra latency to the forwarding of packets to their destination.

Application firewalls function by determining whether a process should accept any given

connection. Application firewalls accomplish their function by hooking into socket calls to

filter the connections between the application layer and the lower layers of the OSI model.

Application firewalls that hook into socket calls are also referred to as socket filters.

Application firewalls work much like a packet filter but application filters apply filtering

rules (allow/block) on a per process basis instead of filtering connections on a per port

basis. Generally, prompts are used to define rules for processes that have not yet received a

connection. It is rare to find application firewalls not combined or used in conjunction with

a packet filter.


74

Also, application firewalls further filter connections by examining the process ID of data

packets against a ruleset for the local process involved in the data transmission. The extent

of the filtering that occurs is defined by the provided ruleset. Given the variety of software

that exists, application firewalls only have more complex rulesets for the standard services,

such as sharing services. These per process rulesets have limited efficacy in filtering every

possible association that may occur with other processes. Also, these per process ruleset

cannot defend against modification of the process via exploitation, such as memory

corruption exploits. Because of these limitations, application firewalls are beginning to be

supplanted by a new generation of application firewalls that rely on mandatory access

control (MAC), also referred to as sandboxing, to protect vulnerable services. An example

of a next generation application firewall is AppArmor included in some Linux distributions


75

Chapter: 5

“RESEARCH METHODOLOGY”


76

Scope of the project

The report of my topic“ A STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY IN DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE WORKS (With emphasis on the

comparative analysis of their new website with the existing website) “ with reference to

D.L.W,varanasi is widely applicable to the researchers for their further study and also

helpful to the management students to analyse the various technologies used for

networking and to know the need of information technology for any company.

Decision Making Tool

Management Planning.

Problem Solving Technique.

Suitable Marketing Operations.


77

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be

understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the

various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem

along with the logic behind them.

In research methodology we not only discuss the research methods but also

consider the logic behind the methods we use in the context of our research study and

explain why we are using a particular method or technique.

Research process consists of series of the action or step necessary to effectively carry

out research and desired sequencing of these steps-

Research design

Collection of data

Analysis of data


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RESEARCH DESIGN

"A research design is simply the framework or plan for a study that is used as a

guide in collecting and analyzing the data. It is blueprint that is followed incompleting a

study".

According to Kiplinger, "research design is a plan, structure and strategy of

Investigation conceived so as to obtain answers to research questions and to control

variance.

“A Research Design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of

data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in

procedure.” Research design is the conceptual structure within which research should be

conducted.

I visited to different departments of the company to collect information, which helped me

to understand the process and the nature of the organization.

The preparation of the research design, appropriate for a particular research problem,

usually involves the consideration of the following:

The means of obtaining the information.

The availability and skills of the researcher.

The time available for research.

The cost factors relating to research, i.e. the Information Technology available

for research.


79

The research design used here is descriptive or diagnostic research.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH - Descriptive studies, as their name implies, are

designed to describe something. For e.g.- the characteristics of users of a given product; the

degree to which product use varies with income, age, sex or other characteristics; or the

number who saw a specific television commercial. Despite the emphasis on description, it

should not be concluded that such studies should be simply fact gathering expeditions.

and on department wise.

The data are interpreted on the basis of age, sex, work experience and on department

wise

The research is being conducted to study the need and use of information

technology in the company.

DATA COLLECTION METHOD

The next step is to determine the sources of data to be used. The researcher has to decide

whether to collect primary data or depend exclusively on secondary data. The primary

data collection methods used is questionnaire and interview (structured and direct

interview method).

When a study is to be based on secondary data, whether partly or fully, it is necessary to

satisfy oneself that the data are quite suitable for the objectives spelt out by the study.

The various sources of collecting data in the project are:

Record Files

Company Site

Annual Report 2010


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SAMPLING

The sampling method used here is random or probability sampling method.

In this study participants were Top management and executives working in DIESEL

LOCOMOTIVE WORKS VARANASI, Varanasi located in UP. The sample size taken is

100 employees. Out of which 40 are Top management employees and 60 are executives.

The average age of respondents was 35 years. The education standard of the participants

ranged from high school to M. Tech or MBA. with an experience of 1to 35years on the job.

Meaning:

In Probability Sampling all the terms in the population have a chance of being chosen in

the sample. Personal knowledge and opinion are used to identify the items from the

population that are to be included in the sample. A sample selected by Judgment Sampling

is based on someone's expertise about the population.

ANALYSIS OF DATA:

After the data have been collected, the researcher turns to the task of analyzing them. The

analysis of data requires a number of closely related operations such as establishment of

categories, coding, tabulation and then drawing statistical references. For analysis of data,

following tools are used:


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Statistical tools:

Statistical tools are also important and significantly help in data analysis and

interpretation. Tables, bar graphs and pie charts are used to show the trend of the

company and to compare the satisfaction level

Limitations of the project

Research facilitates decision making and is not a substitute of decision making. It

helps in providing alternative solution and is not the solution itself.

The topic is so broad to cover all the fields in just 6 weeks.

One of the constraints in the completion of project was the busy environment of the

organization.

Although Varanasi is not new for me yet the company is establish far away from

the city.

All the necessary data were not available to me due to company’s confidential

matter.

.


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Chapter: 6

“DATA ANALYSIS AND

INTERPRETATION”


83

MANAGERIAL STAFF OPINION SURVEY

ON

SATISFACTION LEVEL AFTER USING WEBSITE

QUESTIONNAIRE

Q.1 How would you rate your overall experience with our new website?

Excellent Very poor Poor Average

26%

5%

15%

54%

figure 1

excellent very poor poor average


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INTERPRETATION:-54% employees (management) at DIESEL LOVOMOTIVE

WORKS agreed that the experience with the new website is average,it is better

then the previous one.

Q.2 Would you recommend our new website better than the older one?

Yes No May be

60%23%

17%

figure 2

yes maybe no


85

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the employees will recommend

our website better then the older one.

Q.3 If you need the same or another similar information in the future would you use our website?

Definitly Possibly No


86

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the employees will visit our

website again and again .

Q.4 How does our new website compare with older one giving similar knowledge?

(A) Website Design/look

INTERPRETATION:- The responses of employees shows that website design is

much better then the previous website.


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(B) Website Navigation

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that navigaton facility of new

website is fine then the older one.

(C) Company’s Detail


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INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that the information about

company’s detail is better understsnd through new website.

(D) Product selection

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that the product selection

method is better then the previous one.

(E) Product description


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INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show tha it provides much better

description about the product.

(F) Product Images

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that the display of product’s

images is much better then previous website.

(G) customer service


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INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that customer service facilities

are much better then previous website .

Q.5 How did you find about our website?

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the information about the

website is collected from various sources mainly from online adds,link in email

and in different websites.


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Q.6 Please rate the following aspect of the new websites

(A) Provide information

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the website provide fair data and

information about the company and it’s products.

(B) Facilities


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INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the website provide good

facilities.

(C) Time saving

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the website save the time,it is

fast and save a lot of customer’s time.


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(D) Product specification

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the website provide better

product specification.

Q7. Did the websites meet with your expectation level?


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INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that most of the employees are

satisfied with the facilities provided by the website .

Q8- Was all the tabs and tools of the websites functioning properly?

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show that all the tool and tabs of the

website are functioning very well.

Q9-How would you rate the facilities and information provided by the websites?


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INTERPRETATION:- The information provided by the website is excellent and

satisfactory.

Q10.After using the websites are you fully satisfied or not?

INTERPRETATION:- The researched data show the employees are satisfied after

using the website upto a great extent.


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Chapter: 7

“FINDINGS”


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FINDINGS

Major Findings

The major findings as revealed by the above statement showing the difference of values

from the previous year are as follows:

Current website is well and better then the previous website of the Diesel Locomotive

Works.

Employees experience with the new website is average,it is better in using then the

previous website.

The employees and the user of the website will recommend our new website better then

the older one.

The employees and the daily user will visit our website again and again for searching the

information about the company.

The design of the new website is much better then the design of the previous website.

Navigation facility provided by the website is much better and fine then the previous

website.

Information about the company’s detail and its products detail is better described in new

website, all the description is given in precise way and easy understandable language.


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Product selection method is better in the current website then the previous website used

by the company.

The new website provides much better description about the product.

The display of product’s image is much better than the previous website.

The new website provides better facilities to customers as compared with the older one.

Information about the website is collected from various sources mainly from online adds,

link in email, and link in different websites.

Website provides fair data and information about the company’s detail and it’s product.

The new website is fast and save a lot of customer’s time.

Website provide better product specification then the previous one.

Most of the employees are satisfied with the facilities provided by the new website.

All the tools and tabs of the website are functioning very well.

Information provided by the website is excellent and satisfactory.

Employees are satisfied after using the website upto a great extent.

.


99

Chapter: 8

“SUGGESTIONS”


100

SUGGESTIONS

Every good research brings to light certain valuable information related to the issues in

question. Certain launas are detected needing rectification on the basis of the scientific data

generated in the current research,certain suggestion area bridge laid for organization to

consider.Elimination shall be vital form the progress and of the organization.

After a deep study of all the aspects concerning the working of Diesel Locomotive

Works,following suggestions are forwarded :-

The old website of the company was made in language HTML and back end used

for the site was Foxpro which is good , but as w knowe this is the era of technology

advancement. Day by day development in technology are taking place, So every

Organization should keep them changing with the changing environment.

For the up gradation of technology, need of new website is arises. As we know lots

of new languages has developed which make the website interesting as well as

remove the complexity for programmer to create a new website.So for that I have

developed a new website for the company.

Visits of customers executives are regularized,so that purity in work is

maintained,complains are heard and are brought to the notice of the company.


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The company should keep on improving the technology used in the manufacturing

and designing of the locomotives and engines.

Better information technology should use to create the information system for the

company that will provide uptodate information to the top level management for

planning and decision making.

Also provide better training and development for improving the employees

capability and efficiency of performing work.


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Chapter: 9

“CONCLUSION”


103

CONCLUSION

This report enables to find out the impact and importance of information

technology in Diesel Locomotive Works, Varanasi.

Conclusion can be easily drawn from the analysis presented in this report. Although

there are some aspects on which I have concentrated but I have tried to put over heart and

soul to it for being a successful report.

Information technology play an important role in any enterprise in improving the

bussiness. The technology helps to prevent an economic downturn from completely

derailing the business.

The faster a business expands the more use of information technology it will need for

improvement and increase in the performance of the business. Good management of

technology will generate chances to earn cash which will help to improve profits and reduce

risks.

Engineers use the technology to design the models of the locomotives and engine,and also

create a simulated environment that will help to understand the engineers that how the

models are going to perform.


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Chapter: 10

“BIBILIOGRAPHY”


105

BIBILIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES:-

Books:

1>Data Communication And Networking

BY-Frozen

2>O LEVEL PROGRAMME

BY- Uptec Computer Consultancy

3>Foundation of Computing

BY- Priti Sinha

4>Research Methodology

By-C.r kothari

Magazines:

1>Annual Magazine of D.L.W

Web sites-

www.google.com

www.dlw.indianrailway.gov.in


http://WWW.GOOGLE.COM/

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Chapter: 11

“ANNEXTURE”


107

QUESTIONNAIRE

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Name:

Age:

Address:

Gender:

Contact no. :

Marital status:

Occupation:

Q.1 How would you rate your overall experience with our new website?

a. Excellent

b. Very poor

c. Average

d. Poor

Q.2 Would you recommend our new website better than the older one?

a. Yes

b. May be

c. No


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Q.3 If you need the same or another similar information in the future would you use our website?

a. Definitely

b. Possibly

c. No

Q.4 How does our new website compare with older one giving similar knowledge?

Much Better Better About the same Worse

Website Design/look a b c d

Website Navigation a b c d

Company’s Detail a b c d

Product selection a b c d

Product description a b c d

Product Images a b c d

Customer service a b c d

Contact information

Q.5 How did you find about our website?

a. Friend recommendation

b. Link in email sent from us

c. Link from different websites

d. Online adds

e. Magazine adds


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Q.6 Please rate the following aspect of the new websites

Good Fair Poor

1. Provide information

2. Facilities

3. Time saving

4. Product specification

Q7. Did the websites meet with your expectation level?

a. Yes

b. No

Q8- Was all the tabs and tools of the websites functioning properly?

a. Yes

b. No

Q9-How would you rate the facilities and information provided by the websites?

a. Excellent

b. good

c. Fair

d. Poor

Q10.After using the websites are you fully satisfied or not?

a. Yes

b. No


110

“OUTPUT SCREEN OF THE

WEBSITE”


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Wesite Report

Documents

chrome plating

diesel locomotive

ambient air

igbt based

researched

diesel electric

giving similar

hotel load