Week5 hardware - system unit

• 1. Computer HardwareThe physical part of a computer

2. IntroductionThe physical parts of a computer are calledhardware. In this chapter, we will examine thedifferent types of hardware according to four groups:The system unit,Input devices,Output devices,Storage devices. 3. The System UnitAll of the main components of a computer 4. Chassis (Case) 5. Power Supply 6. Power Supply 7. Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) 8. MainboardThe mainboard (also called the motherboard, orsystem board) is the biggest board inside yoursystem unit. All the main components of yourcomputer connect to the mainboard. The CPU, BIOSand chipset are normally situated on yourmainboard along with all the other electroniccomponents.The storage devices, such as the hard disk and DVDdrive, are attached to the mainboard via data cables.The expansion cards, such as the video card andRAM modules, are attached to the mainboard via thePCI and memory slots. The video and sound cardscan be integrated into the mainboard (onboard). 9. Mainboard 10. The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic InputOutput System)This chip is a special ROM microchip on yourcomputers mainboard. It ensures that the BIOS willalways be available and will not be damaged by diskfailures. It also makes it possible for a computer toboot itself. 11. The ROM-BIOS (Read Only Memory-Basic InputOutput System) 12. System BusesEvery component in the computer must be able tocommunicate with the CPU through the motherboard.This connection is done via a collection of copper orgold tracings attached to the motherboard.These tiny wires are calledbuses. Buses carry data andcontrol messages betweenthe components. 13. The Bus Arbitration (Chipset)The bus arbitration chipset is an integrated circuit onthe motherboard. It controls how the mainboardbuses are used. If two different devices try to use thesame bus at the same time, it can cause a problem.The bus arbitrator prevents this problem. 14. Expansion SlotsExpansion slots hold expansion cards (such as avideo card, sound card, or network card) andconnect them to the buses. 15. ATA and ATAPI InterfacesATA & SATAThe current SATA standard provides significant benefitsover ATA in terms of convenience, power consumption, andmost importantly, performance. 16. Peripheral Connectors 17. Internal Speaker 18. Central Processing Unit (CPU)A central processing unit (CPU) or processor is anelectronic circuit that can execute computerprograms. The CPU is one of the most importantcomponents inside your computer. It is like the brainof your computer, because it performs all thecomputer calculations. CPU speed is measured ingigahertz (GHz) and has an important effect on theoverall speed of your computer. 19. Central Processing Unit (CPU) 20. Memory (RAM)RAM (Random Access Memory) is temporarymemory that the computer uses to store applicationsand data that are in use, for example, the operatingsystem, and a word processor or database program.RAM is called random access because any storagelocation can be accessed directly. When you createdata such as a letter or a picture, the computerstores the data in RAM and then copies them to thehard disk when you save your work. 21. Memory (RAM) 22. Expansion CardsAn expansion card (also known as an add-on card,internal card, or interface adapter) is an electronicboard added in a desktop computer to provide orexpand features not offered by the motherboard.Expansion cards need device drivers to functionproperly. 23. Some Types of Expansion CardsVideo cardsSound cardsNetwork cardsTV tuner cardsVideo processing cardsModems 24. Graphic card