Web view听力原文. Pasta 意大利面. Page 1 of 2. . Feifei: Hello everyone, I'm Feifei and this is Question and Answer of the Week

听力原文

Pasta 意大利面

Page 1 of 2bbcukchina.com/learningenglishFeifei: Hello everyone, I'm Feifei and this is Question and Answer of the Week. 在这档节目里我们来回答你在英语学习中遇到的难题。今天要回答的问题来自苏州的 Christina. 首先我们来听她的问题，有请 Lorna 来代读。注意听 Christina 说她非常喜欢吃什么？QuestionMy question is: what's the difference between 'pasta' and 'spaghetti'? Can you tell me about other kinds of pasta? I'm a big fan of pasta.Feifei: Did you hear which kind of food Christina likes? Pasta 意大利通心粉，也就是我们常说的意大利面。她说自己是 a big fan of pasta. 我自己也特别喜欢意大利面，尤其是经典的意大利肉酱面，太好吃了！(Restaurant sounds)在汉语里我们称 pasta 为意大利面，但你知道吗， 其实意大利面有很多种。最常见的是又长又细的 spaghetti 意大利细面条，和意大利面 pasta 很接近。我们经常把 pasta 称为意大利面，这也正是 Christina 对这两个词的意思感到困惑的原因。在我们中国，面条种类很多，像拉面，老面，刀削面，扯面等等。相对的在意大利人的饮食中，你会听到以下的面食种类：ExampleSpaghetti, macaroni, ravioli, lasagne, fusilli, tortellini, penne, tagliatelli…Feifei: 这么多种面条，太丰富了！美国意大利面协会的统计数字显示意大利面的种类超过600 多种，面条的形状和大小也丰富多彩，有扭着的 twisty, 空心的 hollow, 短粗的 chunky, 另外面条还有多种颜色和不同的口感质地 different colours and textures. 下面我们来看看在菜单中常见的一些意大利面种类。ExamplesMacaroni. Short tubes of pasta, often served with a cheese sauce.芝士通心粉 - 短的、成管状的意大利面，食用时常加奶酪酱。Lasagne. Thin, wide sheets of pasta served in layers with mince and béchamel sauce between them.千层面 – 多张宽的大面皮层层叠起来，里面加上肉酱和白汁。

Q and A of the Week 你问我答© British Broadcasting Corporation 2013Page 2 of 2bbcukchina.com/learningenglishTagliatelle. Pasta shaped into long, flat ribbons.宽面条 – 形状成长、扁、如丝带样的面条，类似中国的河粉。Ravioli. Little 'pillows' of pasta with meat or vegetable filling.意大利饺子 – 形状像扁平的小枕头，有肉馅或菜馅的。Feifei: 说了这么多好吃的，我垂涎欲滴。记得下次去超市的时候到意大利面货架仔细去瞧瞧 see how many varieties you can find. 现如今，英国人非常喜欢吃意大利面，过去可并非如此。在 20 世纪 50 年代，人们并不很了这个充满异国情调的解意大利面。对了，在 1956 年，BBC 制作了一部关于意大利面农民 spaghetti farmers 的著名恶搞电影。这部电影在愚人节那天播出：InsertThe last two weeks of March are an anxious time for the spaghetti farmer. There's always the chance of a late frost which, while not entirely ruining the crop, generally impairs the flavour, and makes it difficult for him to obtain top prices in world markets. But now these dangers are over, and the spaghetti harvest goes forward.Feifei: 影片中可以看到在 spaghetti harvest 意大利面丰收时，面条被从树上拔下来。在节目播出后，竟然有很多观众相信了影片中的场景，BBC 一时间接到大量观众的来电询问在哪儿能买到长意大利面的树！谢谢 Christina 提出这个有趣的问题。We hope you've enjoyed learning about different kinds of pasta! 如果大家有任何英语学习方面的问题，包括食品，都可以发邮件告诉我们你的问题。我们的邮箱是 [email protected]. 我去吃午饭了，bye.

Drop dead gorgeous 帅呆了美爆了 Jen: Hello, I'm Jennifer. Welcome to Authentic Real English. I'm joined today by Li – hi Li!

Li: 大家好。 Jen: I've been dying to see you all day. I met up with Rosie last night, and I

met her new boyfriend too! Li: Rosie 有新男朋友了？Oh, tell me more! What's he like? Jen: Well, he seemed very charming and intelligent, very kind too, but she

hadn't told me that he is drop dead gorgeous! Li: 迷人，有智慧还有… What? Jen: Yes, don't tell her, but I'd definitely say he is drop dead gorgeous! Li: 不过… 死了？Dead? 你不会是说他真的死了？像僵尸？还是你说他看起来面色不好，

像死人？Sometimes when I'm tired I get dark circles under my eyes and look like death!

Jen: Of course he's not dead – he's very much alive. Li: 那你为什么说“倒下去，死漂亮”？人倒下去死了，还会潇洒漂亮吗？'Drop dead

gorgeous'? 这到底是什么意思？

Jen: It's just one of those phrases we use in English that you can't take too literally. If someone is described as 'drop dead gorgeous', it means that they are really good looking.

Li: 这可是奇怪的一个表达… Jen: Think of it this way: Imagine someone who is so good looking, so

handsome, that your heart starts beating really fast, you start to feel short of breath, and you just drop down dead!

Li: 某人非常英俊潇洒... Yes, I've thought of someone… My heart is beating fast just thinking of him!

Jen: OK, well, while you're thinking of your fancy man, let's hear some more examples of the phrase 'drop dead gorgeous' in action…Authentic Real English 地道英语 © British Broadcasting Corporation 2012 Page 2 of 2

Example Daniel Craig is in town for the premiere of the new James Bond film. I love him

as Bond -he's drop dead gorgeous in a tuxedo! I'm going on a date with a girl from my university next week. I can't believe

she wants to go out with me - she's drop dead gorgeous. Jen: So you see, it's a great phrase to use when describing someone who is

handsome or good looking, like Rosie's new man. Li: It's a really good phrase and I'll definitely try to use it. Jen: So Li, are you going to tell me which handsome man you were thinking of

earlier? Li: Well, 我还是别说出来的好。Jen: Don't be like that! Who is it? Is it someone I know…? Li: No! Jen: It is someone I know! Come on, Li, tell me, I won't tell anyone. Who do

you think is drop dead gorgeous? Li: I can't… 看！他在那儿！刚从窗边走过！ Jen: But Li… that's the… the boss? Li: He really is drop dead gorgeous! Don't tell anyone! Jen: You might think he's drop dead gorgeous, but I think I'm going to die

laughing! Join us again for another edition of Authentic Real English from www.bbcukchina.com. Bye! Li: Bye!

J·K·罗琳在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲

J·K·罗琳在哈佛大学毕业典礼上的演讲J.K.Rowling, author of the best-selling Harry Potter book series, delivers her Commencement Address, “The Fringe Benefits of Failure, and the Importance of Imagination,” at the Annual Meeting of the Harvard Alumni Association.

President Faust, members of the Harvard Corporation and the Board of Overseers, members of the faculty, proud parents, and, above all, graduates.

The first thing I would like to say is ‘thank you.’ Not only has Harvard given me an extraordinary honour, but the weeks of fear and nausea I’ve experienced at the thought of giving this commencement address have made me lose weight. A win-win situation! Now all I have to do is take deep breaths, squint at the red banners and fool myself into believing I am at the world’s best-educated Harry Potter convention.

Delivering a commencement address is a great responsibility; or so I thought until I cast my mind back to my own graduation. The commencement speaker that day was the distinguished British philosopher Baroness Mary Warnock. Reflecting on her speech has helped me enormously in writing this one, because it turns out that I can’t remember a single word she said. This liberating discovery enables me to proceed without any fear that I might inadvertently influence you to abandon promising careers in business, law or politics for the giddy delights of becoming a gay wizard.

You see? If all you remember in years to come is the ‘gay wizard’ joke, I’ve still come out ahead of Baroness Mary Warnock. Achievable goals: the first step towards personal improvement.

Actually, I have wracked my mind and heart for what I ought to say to you today. I have asked myself what I wish I had known at my own graduation, and what important lessons I have learned in the 21 years that has expired between that day and this.

I have come up with two answers. On this wonderful day when we are gathered together to celebrate your academic success, I have decided to talk to you about the benefits of failure. And as you stand on the threshold of what is sometimes called ‘real life’, I want to extol the crucial importance of imagination.

These might seem quixotic or paradoxical choices, but please bear with me.

Looking back at the 21-year-old that I was at graduation, is a slightly uncomfortable experience for the 42-year-old that she has become. Half my lifetime ago, I was striking an uneasy balance between the ambition I had for myself, and what those closest to me expected of me.

I was convinced that the only thing I wanted to do, ever, was to write novels. However, my parents, both of whom came from impoverished backgrounds and neither of whom had been to college, took the view that my overactive imagination was an amusing personal quirk that could never pay a mortgage, or secure a pension.

They had hoped that I would take a vocational degree; I wanted to study English Literature. A compromise was reached that in retrospect satisfied nobody, and I went up to study Modern Languages. Hardly had my parents’ car rounded the corner at the end of the road than I ditched German and scuttled off down the Classics corridor.

I cannot remember telling my parents that I was studying Classics; they might well have found out for the first time on graduation day. Of all subjects on this planet, I think they would have been hard put to name one less useful than Greek mythology when it came to securing the keys to an executive bathroom.

I would like to make it clear, in parenthesis, that I do not blame my parents for their point of view. There is an expiry date on blaming your parents for steering you in the wrong direction; the moment you are old enough to take the wheel, responsibility lies with you. What is more, I cannot criticise my parents for hoping that I would never experience poverty. They had been poor themselves, and I have since been poor, and I quite agree with them that it is not an ennobling experience. Poverty entails fear, and stress, and sometimes depression; it means a thousand petty humiliations and hardships. Climbing out of poverty by your own efforts, that is indeed something on which to pride yourself, but poverty itself is romanticised only by fools.

What I feared most for myself at your age was not poverty, but failure.

At your age, in spite of a distinct lack of motivation at university, where I had spent far too long in the coffee bar writing stories, and far too little time at lectures, I had a knack for passing examinations, and that, for years, had been the measure of success in my life and that of my peers.

I am not dull enough to suppose that because you are young, gifted and well-educated, you have never known hardship or heartbreak. Talent and intelligence never yet inoculated anyone against the caprice of the Fates, and I do not for a moment suppose that everyone here has enjoyed an existence of unruffled privilege and contentment.

However, the fact that you are graduating from Harvard suggests that you are not very well-acquainted with failure. You might be driven by a fear of failure quite as much as a desire for success. Indeed, your conception of failure might not be too far from the average person’s idea of success, so high have you already flown academically.

Ultimately, we all have to decide for ourselves what constitutes failure, but the world is quite eager to give you a set of criteria if you let it. So I think it fair to say that by any conventional measure, a mere seven years after my graduation day, I had failed on an epic scale. An exceptionally short-lived marriage had imploded, and I was jobless, a lone parent, and as poor as it is possible to be in modern Britain, without being homeless. The fears my parents had had for me, and that I had had for myself, had both come to pass, and by every usual standard, I was the biggest failure I knew.

Now, I am not going to stand here and tell you that failure is fun. That period of my life was a dark one, and I had no idea that there was going to be what the press has since represented as a kind of fairy tale resolution. I had no idea how far the tunnel extended, and for a long time, any light at the end of it was a hope rather than a reality.

So why do I talk about the benefits of failure? Simply because failure meant a stripping away of the inessential. I stopped pretending to myself that I was anything other than what I was, and began to direct all my energy into finishing the only work that mattered to me. Had I really succeeded at anything else, I might never have found the determination to succeed in the one arena I believed I truly belonged. I was set free, because my greatest fear had already been realised, and I was still alive, and I still had a daughter whom I adored, and I had an old typewriter and a big idea. And so rock

bottom became the solid foundation on which I rebuilt my life.

You might never fail on the scale I did, but some failure in life is inevitable. It is impossible to live without failing at something, unless you live so cautiously that you might as well not have lived at all - in which case, you fail by default.

Failure gave me an inner security that I had never attained by passing examinations. Failure taught me things about myself that I could have learned no other way. I discovered that I had a strong will, and more discipline than I had suspected; I also found out that I had friends whose value was truly above rubies.

The knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive. You will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity. Such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more to me than any qualification I ever earned.

Given a time machine or a Time Turner, I would tell my 21-year-old self that personal happiness lies in knowing that life is not a check-list of acquisition or achievement. Your qualifications, your CV, are not your life, though you will meet many people of my age and older who confuse the two. Life is difficult, and complicated, and beyond anyone’s total control, and the humility to know that will enable you to survive its vicissitudes.

You might think that I chose my second theme, the importance of imagination, because of the part it played in rebuilding my life, but that is not wholly so. Though I will defend the value of bedtime stories to my last gasp, I have learned to value imagination in a much broader sense. Imagination is not only the uniquely human capacity to envision that which is not, and therefore the fount of all invention and innovation. In its arguably most transformative and revelatory capacity, it is the power that enables us to empathise with humans whose experiences we have never shared.

One of the greatest formative experiences of my life preceded Harry Potter, though it informed much of what I subsequently wrote in those books. This revelation came in the form of one of my earliest

day jobs. Though I was sloping off to write stories during my lunch hours, I paid the rent in my early 20s by working in the research department at Amnesty International’s headquarters in London.

There in my little office I read hastily scribbled letters smuggled out of totalitarian regimes by men and women who were risking imprisonment to inform the outside world of what was happening to them. I saw photographs of those who had disappeared without trace, sent to Amnesty by their desperate families and friends. I read the testimony of torture victims and saw pictures of their injuries. I opened handwritten, eye-witness accounts of summary trials and executions, of kidnappings and rapes.

Many of my co-workers were ex-political prisoners, people who had been displaced from their homes, or fled into exile, because they had the temerity to think independently of their government. Visitors to our office included those who had come to give information, or to try and find out what had happened to those they had been forced to leave behind.

I shall never forget the African torture victim, a young man no older than I was at the time, who had become mentally ill after all he had endured in his homeland. He trembled uncontrollably as he spoke into a video camera about the brutality inflicted upon him. He was a foot taller than I was, and seemed as fragile as a child. I was given the job of escorting him to the Underground Station afterwards, and this man whose life had been shattered by cruelty took my hand with exquisite courtesy, and wished me future happiness.

And as long as I live I shall remember walking along an empty corridor and suddenly hearing, from behind a closed door, a scream of pain and horror such as I have never heard since. The door opened, and the researcher poked out her head and told me to run and make a hot drink for the young man sitting with her. She had just given him the news that in retaliation for his own outspokenness against his country’s regime, his mother had been seized and executed.

Every day of my working week in my early 20s I was reminded how incredibly fortunate I was, to live in a country with a democratically

elected government, where legal representation and a public trial were the rights of everyone.

Every day, I saw more evidence about the evils humankind will inflict on their fellow humans, to gain or maintain power. I began to have nightmares, literal nightmares, about some of the things I saw, heard and read.

And yet I also learned more about human goodness at Amnesty International than I had ever known before.

Amnesty mobilises thousands of people who have never been tortured or imprisoned for their beliefs to act on behalf of those who have. The power of human empathy, leading to collective action, saves lives, and frees prisoners. Ordinary people, whose personal well-being and security are assured, join together in huge numbers to save people they do not know, and will never meet. My small participation in that process was one of the most humbling and inspiring experiences of my life.

Unlike any other creature on this planet, humans can learn and understand, without having experienced. They can think themselves into other people’s minds, imagine themselves into other people’s places.

Of course, this is a power, like my brand of fictional magic, that is morally neutral. One might use such an ability to manipulate, or control, just as much as to understand or sympathise.

And many prefer not to exercise their imaginations at all. They choose to remain comfortably within the bounds of their own experience, never troubling to wonder how it would feel to have been born other than they are. They can refuse to hear screams or to peer inside cages; they can close their minds and hearts to any suffering that does not touch them personally; they can refuse to know.

I might be tempted to envy people who can live that way, except that I do not think they have any fewer nightmares than I do. Choosing to live in narrow spaces can lead to a form of mental agoraphobia, and that brings its own terrors. I think the wilfully unimaginative see more monsters. They are often more afraid.

What is more, those who choose not to empathise may enable real monsters. For without ever committing an act of outright evil ourselves, we collude with it, through our own apathy.

One of the many things I learned at the end of that Classics corridor down which I ventured at the age of 18, in search of something I could not then define, was this, written by the Greek author Plutarch: What we achieve inwardly will change outer reality.

That is an astonishing statement and yet proven a thousand times every day of our lives. It expresses, in part, our inescapable connection with the outside world, the fact that we touch other people’s lives simply by existing.

But how much more are you, Harvard graduates of 2008, likely to touch other people’s lives? Your intelligence, your capacity for hard work, the education you have earned and received, give you unique status, and unique responsibilities. Even your nationality sets you apart. The great majority of you belong to the world’s only remaining superpower. The way you vote, the way you live, the way you protest, the pressure you bring to bear on your government, has an impact way beyond your borders. That is your privilege, and your burden.

If you choose to use your status and influence to raise your voice on behalf of those who have no voice; if you choose to identify not only with the powerful, but with the powerless; if you retain the ability to imagine yourself into the lives of those who do not have your advantages, then it will not only be your proud families who celebrate your existence, but thousands and millions of people whose reality you have helped transform for the better. We do not need magic to change the world, we carry all the power we need inside ourselves already: we have the power to imagine better.

I am nearly finished. I have one last hope for you, which is something that I already had at 21. The friends with whom I sat on graduation day have been my friends for life. They are my children’s godparents, the people to whom I’ve been able to turn in times of trouble, friends who have been kind enough not to sue me when I’ve used their names for Death Eaters. At our graduation we were bound by

enormous affection, by our shared experience of a time that could never come again, and, of course, by the knowledge that we held certain photographic evidence that would be exceptionally valuable if any of us ran for Prime Minister.

So today, I can wish you nothing better than similar friendships. And tomorrow, I hope that even if you remember not a single word of mine, you remember those of Seneca, another of those old Romans I met when I fled down the Classics corridor, in retreat from career ladders, in search of ancient wisdom:

As is a tale, so is life: not how long it is, but how good it is, is what matters.

I wish you all very good lives.

Thank you very much.

中文翻译：译者：springer

J.K.罗琳, 畅销系列书籍《哈里波特》的作者，在哈佛校友会年度大会上的演讲，“失败带来的附加收益和想象的重要性”。 下面是准备的讲稿 版权所有者 J.K.罗琳，2008 年 6 月 福斯特校长，哈佛大学校务委员会和监察委员会的各位成员，各位教职员工，自豪的家长们，以及最为重要的——各位毕业生们： 首先我想说的是“谢谢你们”。不仅因为哈佛大学授予我至高无上的荣誉，而更重要是，这几周每当我想到要作今天毕业演说时所遭受的恐惧和恶心是我成功减肥。真是一个双赢的局面。而现在，我只需做个深呼吸，然后眯着眼看那红色横幅，让自己相信正在参加世界最大的格兰芬多聚会。 作毕业演说需要背负很大的责任，想着这些我的思绪回到了自己毕业时的情景。当时的演讲者是著名英国哲学家玛丽•沃诺克男爵夫人。回忆她的演讲对我帮助极大，因为我竟然连一个字也想不起来了。这令我释然的重大发现使我得以站在这里，不用再担心可能会无意中影响你们去追寻和体验成为魔法大师的狂热喜悦，而放弃在商业、法律或政治领域的大好前程。 你们看到了？如果你们在将来还能记得这个魔法师的笑话，我就已经超越玛丽•沃诺

克男爵夫人了。可不吗？拥有一个现实的目标是自我提升的第一步。 实际上，对于今天我应该告诉你们什么，我已绞尽脑汁、费尽心思。我问自己，在我毕业时什么是希望已经知道的，以及从那时到现在，在这 21年间我都学到了那些重要的人生课程。 我得到了两个答案。在这美好的时刻，我们欢聚一堂共同庆祝你们的学术成就，那么，我就先淡淡失败的收益。而鉴于你们即将迈入时常被称作“真实生活”的新阶段，我将接着赞美想象在人生中的关键性作用。 这种选择或许看起来不切实际或自相矛盾，但请忍耐一下。 回顾 21岁毕业那时的我，对于一个作为 42岁的人来说是有些不大自在的。我在自己的半生之前，一直在个人梦想与最亲近人的企盼中寻找着艰难的平衡点。 我那时深信，自己唯一、并且永远想做的事只有写小说。但是，我出身贫穷没有上过大学的父母却拥有另外的想法。他们当时认为我非凡的想象力仅仅是滑稽的个人怪癖而已，而这并不能用来抵押贷款或确保一份养老金。 他们希望我能取得一个可获得稳定职业的学位，而我却想读英语文学。妥协的结果其实让我们都不满意，我将选择现代语言学。但最后报名的时候，还没等父母的汽车转过道路尽头的拐角，我就放弃德语，急速奔入了通往古典文学殿堂的走廊。 我不曾记得告诉过他们自己正在研习古典，也许在毕业那天他们才真正发现。在这个星球上的所有课程中，他们应该很难再找到比希腊神学更没用的课程了，它根本不可能用来取得一把进入一间宽敞舒适卫生间的钥匙。 这里需要澄清的是，我并不责怪我的父母。因为埋怨他们指错方向的时候已经过了，这时的你们已经成熟到能够自己驾驭人生的方向盘，责任需自负。我还想说，我不能因为自己希望永不经历贫穷而现实并非如此就怨恨父母。他们自身贫穷，我也因此而贫穷，而贫穷并非是可以拿来显示自己高尚、受人尊崇的经历，对于他们的这种观点我也坚决支持。贫穷带来的是恐惧、压力，有时甚至是沮丧。它意味着数不尽的琐碎羞辱和辛酸。当然，依靠自己的力量从中爬出来确实值得自豪和骄傲，尽管如此，只有傻瓜才会认为贫穷本身是浪漫的。 在你们这么大的时候，我最害怕的并不是贫穷，而是失败。尽管当时我明显匮乏在学校念书的劲头，因为很少去听课，而大部分时间里我是在咖啡吧写故事中度过的，但我明白顺利通过考试的诀窍。而考试，很多年来一直是衡量我及同龄人人生成败的标志。 我不会无趣地猜想，你们因为年轻，有才华，并受到了良好的教育，就应该一直不知道什么是辛酸、困苦、心碎。才华和智力还从未使任何人免于遭受命运反复无常的折磨，并且我一刻也不认为这里的每一个人都已经拥有不遭受这种困扰的特权，而生活在由此带

来的满足之中。 然而，你们能从哈佛毕业已经说明你们对失败还并不熟悉。恐惧失败对你们的激励作用可能并不亚于渴望成功对你们的鼓舞。事实上，你们对于失败的概念可能离普通人认为的成功差不了多远，你们已经在学术上已经站得相当高了。 最终，我们都不得不为自己决定，是什么组成了失败。而如果你愿意，这个世界会相当热心地提供一组评价准则。所以我想，依照任何传统的准则，在我毕业日的仅仅 7年之后，可以说，我经历了一次史诗般的失败。一段异常短暂的婚姻结束了，我失业并成了单身母亲，并且在现代英国，除了没有无家可归之外，要多穷又多穷。那时，父母对我的担心，我对自己的恐惧都汇聚于一处。而且，我那时知道，用任何通常的标准来看，我是最大的失败。 现在，我站在这里并非将要告诉你们失败是有趣的。我生命的那段时期是灰暗的，并且我没有料到，就像媒体所描述的那样，会有一种神话故事般的解决方案。我更不知道这段灰暗的隧道究竟还有多长。在很长的一段时间里，任何闪现出的光芒都只是希望而非现实。 那我为什么还要谈失败的收益呢？很简单，失败意味着放弃生命中不必要的东西。我停止追求那些虚幻的自我，并开始把所有的精力都放在唯一对我重要的工作上。假如真的在其他任何方面成功过，我也许就永远不会获得在真正属于我的舞台上去成功的决心。我又重获自由，因为生命中最大的忧虑已成现实，而我还活着，依然拥有一个可爱的女儿，一台旧打字机和一个大创意。底部的岩石倒成了坚固的基础，我得以在此之上重建人生。 你们可能永远不会如此失败，但人生中不可避免会经历失败。活着而从不失败是不可能的，除非生活得过于谨慎，以至于可能就跟从未真正生活过一样，这种情况下，你就会因预设人生而失败。 失败给了我一种内在的安全感，这是因顺利通过考试从未获得过的。失败使我了解自己，这是无法从其他途径学到的。我发现自己拥有坚强的意志，比预想中更好的自制力，还发现拥有价值真正远在红宝石之上的朋友。 从挫折中得到的知识使你更加聪明和强大，这些是你们生存能力的保证。你们不会真正认识自己，也不会知道你们之间的关系到底如何，除非你们共同经历逆境的检验。这才是实在的礼物，经历痛苦后获得的宝贵知识。而这比任何我取得的资格证书对我的意义要重大的多。 若有时光机器或时间转换器，我会告诉 21岁时的我，个人的幸福在于认识到生活并非是一张罗列着学识和成就的清单。你们的资力，你们的履历，并非你们的生活，虽然你们会遇见和我同岁或年长的人将二者混淆。生活是艰辛的、复杂的，并完全超越所有人的控制，谦逊地认识到这些会使你们经受住生活的沉浮（荣辱兴衰）。

你们也许认为，我选择想象的重要性作为第二个演讲主题，是因为它在重筑我的人生中所起的重要作用，但并不完全如此。虽然我个人会坚决支持睡前故事的重要价值，但是我已学着从更广泛的意义来理解想象。想象力不仅是人类设想不存在事物的独特能力，从而成为一切发明和创新的源泉。从想象力是当之无愧最具改革和启示能力这点来看，它赋予我们认同和理解这样一些人的力量，他们的经历（的处境、感情和动机）我们从未知晓。 这种启示源自我最早从事的一些工作。这也是我最重要的一份生活经历，它超越了哈里波特，当然也提供了许多我后来写进这些书里的元素。虽然我会在午饭时间溜出来写小说，但我需要在总部设在伦敦的 Amnesty国际非洲研究部工作，以此来支付二十几岁时的房租。 在狭小的办公室里，我读着男人或女人冒囹圄之险从专*政政*权“走私”出的字迹潦草的书信，他们以此将正在他们身上发生的惨剧告诉外面的世界。我看到消失得无影无踪的人的照片被他们绝望的家人送来。我读着经历酷刑的受害者的证词，看到记录那些伤痕的照片。我打开手写的目击者对审讯和处决的摘要记录，以及对绑架和QJ 的描述。 我的许多同事以前都是政治 Fan，他们因为对自己政府的独到见解而被驱赶出家园或流放逃亡。我们办公室的来访者包括来递送信息的，和想要弄清楚在那些被迫落下队伍者身上究竟发生了什么的人。 我应该永远不会忘记那个非洲酷刑受害者。一个当时和我年龄相仿的年轻男子。在经历家乡对自己灵和肉的所有折磨后，他患上了精神上的疾病。他失控地颤抖着对录影机讲述施加在他身上的残忍暴行。这个比我还高一英尺的男子脆弱得就像个孩子。后来，当我负责把他护送回地铁站时，这个生活因暴行而支离破碎的男子优雅而谦逊地跟我握手道别，并祝福我拥有幸福的未来。 而只要我还活着，就还记得，经过那空荡走廊时突然听见后面关着的门里传来的痛苦尖叫和恐惧，就像我从未听过似的。门开了，一个研究人员探出头来叫我赶快给和她坐在一起的男子弄杯温热饮料。她刚刚告诉这个男子，为报复他对自己国家政*府的直言不讳，她的母亲已经被逮捕并随即处决了。 在我 20 多岁工作的每一天，都会感到自己是多么的幸运，能够生活在一个民主选举产生政府的国度，在这里，合法的演说和公开庭审是每一个人的权利。 一天天的工作，我看到更多邪恶的人类为了拥有和强化权力是同为人类的其他人经历痛苦的证据。我开始因为这些我看到的、听到的、读到的而作噩梦，文字的梦魇。 同时，我也从 Amnesty国际学到了更多以前从不知晓的关于人类的善良。Amnesty国际组织了数千位没有因信仰问题而被折磨和入狱的人们去代表经历过这些的人们采取行动。人类强大的移情能力化做了凝聚的力量去拯救生命，化解冤狱。平凡的人们，在他们个人的幸福和安全无忧的情况下，却人数众多地聚集起来去拯救素昧平生并永远不会相间的人。我在这个过程中的小小参与是我生命中最谦卑和振奋人心的经历之一。

和这个星球其他生物不同，人类能够不去经历就学习和理解。他们能够设身处地，能够想他们之所想。 这当然是一种力量，就如同我虚构的魔法，在道德上是中立的。一个人可以运用这种能力去操纵或控制，同样也可以去理解和同情。 而许多人根本不乐意去训练他们的想象力。他们选择继续舒适地呆在自己的经历范围之内，从不愿麻烦地去触碰这样的好奇或疑问：如果我出生在另外的世界，如果我并不是现在的自己，那会怎么样呢？他们可以拒绝听到尖叫或注视牢笼；他们可以面对任何不触及自身利益的苦难时紧闭思维和心灵的大门；他们可以拒绝知道。 我可能会被诱惑而去羡慕可以这样生活的人，但我并不认为他们的噩梦会比我少。选择生活在一个狭小的空间会导致精神上的空旷症，并因此带来恐怖。我认为意志性想象力匮乏者看到的只是更多的怪物。他们常常更容易感到害怕。 更糟的情况，那些不愿尝试体验他人经历的人可能会唤醒真正的怪物。虽然从未直接犯下最恶，但却以冷漠在串谋。 在我 18岁古典殿堂的探险中，在寻找一些我无法在当时定义的东西时，我学到了很多，其中之一正是希腊作家普卢塔克所说的：我们对内在修养的追求将会改变外在现实。 这是一个令人惊讶的论断，但在我们生命的每一天都会被证明一千次。他是说，在一定程度上，我们与外部世界存在着不可逃避的联系，我们仅仅通过简单的存在就可触及别人的生命。 但是你们，作为 2008届的哈佛毕业生，在多大程度上愿意去感受别人的生命呢？你们应对艰难工程的智慧和能力，你们赢得和接受的教育赋予你们独特的地位和独一无二的责任。甚至你们的国籍也使你们与众不同。你们中的绝大多数属于这个世界剩下的唯一超级大国。你们的投票方式、生活方式、抗议的方式，你们施加于政府的压力，这些都会产生超越国界的影响。这是你们的特权，也是你们的责任。 如果你们选择利用你们的地位和影响来为无法发出声音的人群呐喊；如果你们选择不仅平等看待有权的强势群体，也平等看待无权的弱势群体；如果你们不放弃你们的能力，去想象那些没有你们这些优势的人群的生活；那么不仅是你们自豪的家庭为你们的存在而欢庆，更是那些你们帮助数以千万计的人改变现实而生活得更好。我们不需要魔法来改变世界，我们已经在内心拥有足够的力量：我们拥有想象得更好的力量。 我快讲完了。我对你们还有最后一个希望，这是我在 21岁时就已经拥有的。毕业那天和我坐在一起的朋友已经成为我一生的朋友。他们是我孩子的教父教母，他们是我碰到大麻烦时能够求助的人，他们友好到不会因为我用他们的名字为食死徒命名而控告我。在我们毕业那天，我们因巨大的深情友爱而凝聚，沉浸在那段共同度过永不会重现的欢乐时光之中。当然，我们拥有的那些照片证据会变得极其珍贵，如果我们中的某个人去竞选首相。

所以今天，我祝愿你们拥有同样的友谊。在以后，我希望即使你们不记得我说的任何一个词，也能记住塞内加，在我躲避职业阶梯、逃往古典殿堂去寻找古代智慧时遇到的另一位古罗马哲学家，请记住他的那句话：生活如同小说，要紧的不是它有多长，而在于它有多好。 祝愿你们拥有美好的人生。 非常感谢！Memorising Words 如何有效记单词Wang Fei: 大家好，欢迎收听本期的《你问我答》节目，我是王飞，今天和我一起主持节目的是Finn.Finn: Hello everybody. This is Finn. Wang Fei, What's the question for today?And what are you doing with all these books?Wang Fei: Oh. I'm still searching answers for today's question!Finn: How to Memorise 1000 English Words in One Week!Wang Fei: Believe it or not, some books say they can help you memorise even morewords more quickly.Finn: What? More words more quickly! Do you really believe that? I'll help youwith some really good methods for memorising English words in today'sprogramme. I've got at least five effective ways.Wang Fei: Oh that's brilliant! Now, let's hear the question first.InsertBen: Hello. I am Ben from Zhengzhou Henan province. How British kidsmemorise the vocabulary at the primary school. Does it work for Chinese(learners)? Can you give me some suggestion on how to memorise thewords?Wang Fei: 来自郑州的 Ben 向我们询问英国的儿童是如何学习英语单词的？中国的英语学习者能不能模仿他们的学习方法呢？另外，Ben 也想知道记忆英语单词的有效方法。Finn: As you know, there are so many words in English to learn. So the processof learning and memorising them can be quite a long and difficult one.Wang Fei: 对。英语的词汇确实非常多。Finn, how did you manage to memorise so manyEnglish words as a boy?Finn: Well, you know it wasn't so difficult for me to memorise so many Englishwords because I grow up in an English-speaking environment with Englishspeakingparents. So for me the process was extremely natural.Page 2 of 5Wang Fei: Finn 说他小时候就生活在一个英语环境中，an English-speaking environment. 所以他就不用像我们中国的英语学习者那样，经历一个把英语单词转换成汉语意思的过程了。Finn: So if a Chinese learner of English wants to learn English as I did when Iwas a boy, well what they have to do is to put themself into an English

language environment. But I think that might be quite difficult for some ofour listeners in China.Wang Fei: Yes what a pity. 看来大多数的中国人无法像英国的儿童那样学习英语了。StingWang Fei: So Finn, maybe we can find some good methods from these books.Finn: I know some of these books may tell you that you can memorise 1000words in one week or two days. But I think it's against the nature oflearning a foreign language.Wang Fei: Finn. 解释说这样快速记忆单词的方法并不符合学习外语的本质。Why do you saythat, Finn?Finn: Well actually, Wang Fei, OK let’s …can we talk about you?Wang Fei: Yes. No problem.Finn: Because I think you are a typical Chinese learner of English. And if you lookback at your learning process, was there any benefit to using these booksmemorising so many words at one time? What do you think?Wang Fei: 我回想看一看，还真没有什么速成的记忆单词的方法。整个过程就是记了就忘，然后继续再记，然后继续再忘, 然后再记，然后…Finn: 然后再忘，是吗？Wang Fei: Finn, it's quite embarrassing. Am I too slow in memorising English words?Finn: You know, actually Wang Fei. I don't think you should feel bad. I thinkmost learners would be like you. And, you know, I was no exception whenI was learning Chinese. 其实，大家都差不多！So I think this is a naturallearning process. Now, there was a psychologist, called HermannEbbinghaus, who discovered what he called a “forgetting curve" in humanmemory through his experiments.Wang Fei: 德国的心理学家艾宾浩斯发现了人类记忆的遗忘曲线 forgetting curve. 那他发现什么了呢？Finn: He found that people start forgetting right after memorising, and thesharpest decline is in the first twenty minutes.Page 3 of 5Wang Fei: 人们在记忆后，马上就开始遗忘。最初的 20 分钟忘得最快。真是很有道理。有时候刚记了一个单词，回头就忘了。Finn, What are YOUR effective ways ofmemorising English words then?Finn: Ok, well, there are many ways. Actually. Wang Fei, I think you might haveused some of them. Now if you have used these, please tell the listenerswhether you think they are effective.Wang Fei: 没问题。Finn: Ok, the first method is …InsertMethod No.1: Choose a practical vocabulary book方法一：选择一本实用的词汇书

Finn: The good thing about this method is that if you have a clear list, then it canhelp you set clear targets. Just in case that you feel a bit lazy.Wang Fei: 对。这个方法确实很有效. 我上大学的时候，花了整整一个暑假的时间，背了一本大学英语词汇书。大约 1000 个单词左右。暑假过后，我感觉自己的英语阅读、听力还有口语都有很大的提高。Finn: Well. That sounds very effective! But did you continue doing that?Wang Fei: 别提了，后来我选的词汇书不是太厚，就是太难，一个也没有坚持下来。Finn: So, I think it's important to choose a vocabulary book or list that suits you.Now, the second method is …InsertMethod No.2: Listen, read and write at the same time.方法二：记忆单词的时候，要边听、边读、边写Wang Fei: Finn. 这个方法我也试过。我在咱们的 bbcukchina 的网站上，Listen, read andwrite at the same time. 特别是可以大声跟着读，确实非常有效果。不过，说实在的，我还是会经常忘。Finn: Don't worry. You know when you encounter these new words again, nomatter whether you listen to them or read them, you know, you willmemorise them more quickly. Now, the third method is …InsertMethod No.3: Memorise words in meaningful sentences.方法三：把单词放在有意义的句子里记忆。Page 4 of 5Finn: Many linguists have found out that it's much easier and quicker tomemorise a poem or a meaningful sentence than to memorise eachindividual word.Wang Fei: 是这样的。Finn. 我还有个好办法，就是我随身带的这个小黑本。InsertMethod No.4: Keep a vocabulary pocket book with you.方法四：随身带着生词本Wang Fei: 我碰到不会的单词或者句子我就写下来。坐地铁或者等人的时候，我就拿出来看看。也很有效。Finn: Let me have a look at your little black workbook. Ah, it's interesting.You've written quite a lot here, Wang Fei, very good. There's a word,"hallucinate". What does that mean?Wang Fei: Sorry. I've forgotten.Finn: You’ve forgotten? Well that’s not good enough. You know, although youwrote it down, you need to go over it again and again, from time to time.Wang Fei: Yes, that's absolutely true.Finn: Now there is a sentence in your 小黑本, and it is "to use a sledge hammerto crack a nut".Wang Fei: 这个我记着。这个是“杀鸡焉用宰牛刀”“小题大做”的意思。Finn: And, you know, that's proved that it's easier to memorise meaningful

sentences.Wang Fei: Sure. It really is effective. Finn, what method do you usually use now?Finn: Well, these days I use the internet quite a lot.InsertMethod No.5: Use software or an online dictionary.方法五：使用网上字典或者英语学习软件Finn: You know some online dictionary websites or different kinds of software arereally quick and really accurate. You can also easily compare the resultsfrom different online sources to make sure what you get is accurate.Wang Fei: This is a very good way for advanced learners. 看来有效记忆单词的方法非常多，我们无法一一列举，关键一点是找到最适合你自己的。Page 5 of 5Finn: Right, so all of these methods we mentioned today are not very usefulunless you remember to repeat what you've learned and to findopportunities to use it as soon as possible.Wang Fei: 是的。希望我们今天的节目为 Ben 的问题提供了一个满意的答案。如果其他听友也有有关记忆英语单词的好方法，那就请给我们发个邮件过来，我们的邮箱地址是：Finn: [email protected] Fei: Bye!Finn: Bye for now.

Try ---Pink

Ever wonder about what he’s doingHow it all turned to liesSometimes I think that it’s better to never ask why

Where there is desireThere is gonna be a flameWhere there is a flameSomeone’s bound to get burnedBut just because it burnsDoesn’t mean you’re gonna dieYou’ve gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try tryYou gotta get up and try try try

Funny how the heart can be deceivingMore than just a couple timesWhy do we fall in love so easyEven when it’s not right

Where there is desireThere is gonna be a flameWhere there is a flameSomeone’s bound to get burnedBut just because it burnsDoesn’t mean you’re gonna dieYou’ve gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try tryYou gotta get up and try try try

Ever worried that it might be ruinedAnd does it make you wanna cry?When you’re out there doing what you’re doingAre you just getting by?Tell me are you just getting by by byWhere there is desireThere is gonna be a flameWhere there is a flameSomeone’s bound to get burnedBut just because it burnsDoesn’t mean you’re gonna dieYou’ve gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try tryYou gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try tryYou gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try try

You gotta get up and try try tryGotta get up and try try try

Roar – Katy Perry

I used to bite my tough and hold my breath Scared to rock the boat and make a mess So I said quietly, agreed politely I guess I forgot I had a choice I let you push me past the breaking point I stick through nothing So I felt for everything 

You held me down but I got up Already brushing off the dust You hear my voice you hear that sound Like the thunder gonna shake your ground You held me down but I got up Get ready ‘cause I’ve had enough I see it all, I see it now 

I got the eye of the tiger, the fire, dancing through the fire ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Louder louder than a lion ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~ You’re gonna hear me roar 

Now I’m floating like a butterfly Stinging like a bee that earned the stripes I went from zero To my own hero 

You held me down but I got up Already brushing off the dust You hear my voice you hear that sound Like the thunder gonna shake your ground You held me down but I got up Get ready ‘cause I’ve had enough I see it all, I see it now 

I got the eye of the tiger, the fire, dancing through the fire ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Louder, louder than a lion ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~ You’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~(You’ll hear me roar) You’re gonna hear me roar 

Roar~ I got the eye of the tiger, the fire, dancing through the fire ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Louder louder than a lion ‘Cause I am the champion And you’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~ You’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~ You’re gonna hear me roar Roar ~~ (You’ll hear me roar)