wrightrobinson.co.uk  · Web viewCarney described Turing as a giant because a giant is large in stature and I think this metaphor conveys clearly just how much of an impact Turing’s

Year 7Answer Booklet 4

CONTENTS OF ANSWER BOOKLET

MythologyLesson 1: Answers on Demeter, Persephone and the UnderworldLesson 2: Answers on Gaea, Kronos and Uranus Lesson 3: Answers on Kronos and Zeus

Lesson 4: Answers on Heracles, Prometheus and Perseus Lesson 5: Answers on Egyptian Mythology

Julius CaesarLesson 6: Answers on Shakespeare, Ancient Rome and the SenateLesson 7: Answers on the plot of the play Julius CaesarLesson 8: Answers on the characters in the play Julius Caesar

Reading ComprehensionLesson 9: Comprehension answers on Alan Turing (non-fiction)Lesson 10: Comprehension answers on The Splendid Cannibal (fiction)Lesson 11: Comprehension answers on a Harry Potter extract (fiction)Lesson 12: Comprehension answers on David Attenborough (non-fiction)

Building VocabularyLesson 13: Dictionary dig to improve emotion words answers Lesson 14: Dictionary dig to improve verbs answers Lesson 15: Dictionary dig to improve adjectives answers Lesson 16: Creative writing task to use new vocabulary

1. What does “Demeter” mean? A. Goddess of GrainB. Barley MotherC. Flower Goddess

2. What is the relationship between Demeter and Persephone?

A. Mother-DaughterB. SistersC. Friends

3. What did Persephone look like? A. The sunB. A flowerC. The stars

4. Why did Persephone pull out the bush

A. It was dangerousB. The flowers smelt really badC. She did not know whether she

liked it or not5. Where did the Golden Chariot

appear from?A. A hole in the groundB. Suddenly from behind a hillC. Came down from the sky

6. What creature is carrying the golden chariot that snatched Persephone?

A. UnicornsB. HorsesC. Centaurs

7. What is the name of the God of the Underworld who took Persephone?

A. PoseidonB. HerculesC. Hades

8. Who told Demeter that Persephone had been taken?

A. A passer-byB. The flowersC. The birds

9. When Demeter was crying, a young boy starts laughing at her so she turns him into a creature – what creature did she turn him in to?

A. A snakeB. A lizardC. A frog

10. Demeter tells Zeus that Persephone is a spring child and will wither and die – why will this happen?

A. She needs fresh fruit to surviveB. She needs sunlight C. She needs a mother’s love

11. What did the God of the Underworld give to Zeus to convince him to let Persephone stay with him?

A. GoldB. Magic sandalsC. A new thunder bolt

12. How did the God of the Underworld treat Persephone?

A. He was cruel and unpleasantB. He didn’t speak to her – he

ignored herC. He was kind and gentle

13. How did Persephone feel in the Underworld?

A. She secretly quite enjoyed the amusement and attention

B. She cried continuouslyC. She tried every day to escape

14. Demeter is incredibly upset that Zeus wouldn’t help but weeks later he realises he has to compromise – what has happened that causes Zeus to realise he must compromise?

A. No crops were growingB. Demeter has told everyone of

Zeus’ terrible actionsC. Demeter tries to get into the

Underworld

15. What must Persephone not do in the Underworld if she wants to survive?

A. Talk to anyoneB. Try to escapeC. Eat

LESSON 2 ANSWERS: Quiz on Gaea , Kronos, Uranus and Zeus

1. What is the purpose of a creation myth?

To explain how the world came to be

2. Can you think of any other creation stories?

That God created the world in 7 daysThe big bang theory

3. Who was Gaea?

Gaea was Mother-Earth

4. Who was Uranus?

Uranus was the Father of the Sky

5. What two types of creatures did Gaea give birth to?

She gave birth to 3 Hundred-Handed Giants and 3 Cyclopes

6. Why was Uranus scared of these six children?

Uranus was scared that these children would become more powerful than him, he was terrified of them.

7. Because Uranus was scared, he took the children and threw them into the centre of the earth – how many days and nights did they fall for?

The Hundred-Handed Giants and the Cyclopes fell for 9 days and 9 nights until they ended up in Tartarus on the 10th day.

8. How did Gaea feel about her children being banished to the centre of the Earth?

Gaea was furious and enraged; she made a promise to herself to seek revenge whenever the moment presented itself

9. The next children born were the Titans – how many Titans were there?

There were 12 Titans in total.

10. What did Gaea ask her children to do and what is the name of the only Titan who agreed to do it?

Gaea asked the Titans to punish Uranus – Kronos volunteered to kill his Father

11. What time of day was the attack planned to take place?

The attack happened in the evening when Uranus went to sleep next to Gaea

12. What weapon did Gaea give her child to kill Uranus?

Gaea gave Kronos a huge, sharp stone sickle.

13. Where did Uranus’ body end up?

Uranus’ body was in the sea.

14. Who was born out of the white foam surrounding the immortal body?

Aphrodite was born out of the white foam in the sea.

15. What is the moral behind this myth?Options:- The consequences of seeking power- The consequences of betraying others- The consequences of not loving everyone equally

LESSON 3 ANSWERS: Quiz on Kronos and Zeus Answers

1. Did Kronos release the Hundred-Handed Giants and Cyclopes? Why/why not?

Kronos did not release the giants and Cyclopes because he too was scared of their power and that they would overthrow him

2. How did Gaea feel as a result of this?

Gaea felt betrayed and disappointed at Kronos’ actions

3. What prophecy did Gaea inform Kronos of regarding his future sons?

Gaea told Kronos that one day his own son would overpower him

4. What did Kronos do each time his wife gave birth to avoid the prophecy?

Every time his wife, Rhea, gave birth Kronos would swallow his child

5. What plan did Gaea come up with to avoid Kronos eating the next child that his wife gave birth to?

They decided to trick Kronos. Rhea was to give birth to their child who would be looked after by nymphs – the plan was to give Kronos a rock in swaddling clothes instead of the child.

6. Kronos was fooled by the trick and their Zeus was taken secretly to an island – what was this island called?

Zeus was raised on Crete.

7. After many years, Zeus (a stranger to Kronos) handed him a drink – what happened when Kronos swallowed the drink?

The drink caused excruciating pain for Kronos who vomited up the rock and the previous children he had swallowed.

8. What did Kronos say Zeus must do in order to take his throne?

Kronons told Zeus that he would have to fight him and all the other Titans if he wanted to overthrow Kronos.

9. How long did the battle go on for?

They were of equal strength so the battle lasted 10 years.10. Zeus turned to the Hundred-Handed Giants and Cyclopese for help and,

return for their freedom, they gave them a gift. What gift did they give to Zeus?

The creatures gave Zeus a thunder bolt.

11. What gift did they give to Poseidon?

To Poseidon, the creatures gave the trident.

12. What gift did they give to Hades?

To Hades, they gave an invisibility helmet.

13. Who eventually won the war?

The Gods eventually won the war.

14. Zeus, Poseidon and Hades all went to rule over different parts of the world – what did each of them decide to rule over?

Zeus ruled over the sky, Poseidon the Sea and Hades the Underworld.

15. What is a potential moral of this myth?

- Consequences of power and greed – To treat people equally – How cruelty can lead to your own demise

LESSON 4 ANSWERS: Year 7 Knowledge Recall Quiz: Heracles, Perseus and Prometheus

1. What is a demigod, and can you give an example of one? A demigod is half god and half mortal. An example is Heracles.

2. Who is Heracles’ father? Zeus.

3. Who caused Heracles to kill his wife and children? Was he to blame for this? Hera cast a spell on Heracles, which caused him to kill his wife and children.

4. What is a labour? A task.

5. How many labours did Heracles have to carry out in order to atone (make up) for his sins? 12

6. Name one of Heracles’ labours. Accept any of: One: Kill the Nemean Lion. Two: Kill the Lernean Hydra. Three: Capture the Cerynian Hind. Four: Capture the Erymanthian Boar. Five: Clean the Augean Stables. Six: Kill the Stymphalian Birds. Seven: Capture the Cretan Bull. Eight: Capture the Horses of Diomedes. Nine: Take the Girdle of the Amazon Queen Hippolyte. Ten: Capture the Cattle of Geryon. Eleven: Take the Golden Apples of the Hesperides. Twelve: Capture Cerberus.

7. What does it mean if someone says something was a ‘Herculean task’? It means it was a very difficult task or requires a lot of strength to do it.

8. What is a prophecy? A prophecy is a prediction of the future.

9. Perseus’ grandfather received a prophecy that Perseus would usurp him. What does the word usurp mean? Can you think of any other characters in Greek mythology who were told they would be usurped by their children? Usurp means to overthrow. Kronos received a prophecy that his son would usurp him and so he ate his children to try and stop it from happening.

10. Perseus is set a challenge that he must complete. What does he have to do in this challenge? He must remove the head of the gorgon, Medusa.

11. Why can’t Perseus look at Medusa? Medusa will turn anything she looks at into stone.

12. At the end of the myth of Perseus, he returns to his grandfather to honour him. His grandfather no longer fears Perseus and throws a large celebratory

games event. During the games, while throwing quoits (heavy rings of metal), one slipped out of Perseus’ hand and struck his grandfather dead. The prophecy was fulfilled at last. What does this teach us about trying to avoid prophecies? That sometimes the actions you take to avoid your prophecy can make it come true.

13. What did Prometheus create on earth? Prometheus created mankind and other living creatures on earth.

14. What does the word ‘mortal’ mean? A mortal is a human who will eventually die.

15. Prometheus was punished for stealing something from the gods and giving it to mankind after Zeus had forbidden it. What did he give mankind? Prometheus stole fire from the gods to give to mankind.

16. Who punished him? Zeus

17. What was his punishment? Prometheus was tied to a rock for eternity.

18. Do you think Prometheus’ punishment was fair? Why do you think this? (Accept reasonable and explained answers) Prometheus’ punishment was unfair because he was trying to equip mankind with all they needed to survive on earth. Also, many other crimes were given a much lesser punishment, or not punished at all.

LESSON 5 ANSWERS: Egyptian myth Comprehension

1. What did the Ancient Egyptians believe existed before the world and universe was created? (1)

Darkness and swirling chaos Dark water without form or purpose

2. Who existed before the creation of the universe? (1)

Heka

3. What were they the god of? (1)

God of magic

4. What was the ben-ben? (1)

The primordial hill (‘A hill’ is acceptable)

5. What did Atum realise when he was on top of the ben-ben? (1)

His loneliness/aloneness

6. Who were his children, and how did he give birth to each of them? (4)

a. Shu – Spat out

b. Tefnut – Vomited out

7. What did Atum’s children give to the world? (2)

a. Shu – The principles of life

b. Tefnut – The principles of order

8. What did Atum send to find his children? (1)

His eye/The All-Seeing Eye

9. How did he feel when they returned? How do you know? Use a quote to support your answer. (2)

Extremely happy – “tears of joy”

10.What happened as a result of this feeling? (1)

The tears created men and women out of the ground11.Who were Geb and Nut? (2)

a. Geb – The earth

b. Nut – The sky

12.Why did Atum separate Geb and Nut? (2)

They fell in love, but he found it unacceptable

13.Name the 5 children of Geb and Nut. (5)

Osiris Set Horus Isis Nephthys

14.Who was put in charge of the world by Atum and why? (2)

Osiris, because he had proven himself thoughtful and judicious.

15.Which country was created “perfectly”? What helped to make it so perfect? (2)

Egypt – the Nile River provided for the needs of all people.

16.Using what you know about Ancient Greek mythology, create a table of similarities and differences between the creation myths of Ancient Greece and Egypt. Could be more than these suggestions:

Similarities Differences

- World created out of chaos- Children born miraculously- Relationships between brothers

& sisters- Gods given specific jobs to do- Earth and Sky fall in love &

create children- Men & Women created from

earth

- More original gods in Greek mythology

- One main god (Atum) responsible for majority of creation in Egyptian myth

- Much more war & betrayal in Greek mythology

LESSON 6 ANSWERS: QUIZ ON ANCIENT ROME, SHAKESPEARE AND THE SENATE

1. In what year was Shakespeare born?Shakespeare was born in April, 1564

2. Where was Shakespeare born?Shakespeare was born in Stratford Upon Avon

3. What is Shakespeare famous for?Shakespeare was a famous playwright, poet and actor.

4. What is the name of the theatre in London where Shakespeare’s plays can still be seen today?

The Globe theatre still performs Shakespeare’s plays

5. Which two monarchs were on the throne during the time Shakespeare was writing his plays?

The two monarchs on the throne were Elizabeth I and James I

6. What would potentially happen if Shakespeare insulted or criticised the monarch? (There are 3 potential answers here).

Shakespeare had to please the monarch or it may not be successful, may be banned or he may have ended up in the Tower of London!

7. Can you name any of Shakespeare’s works (a play/poem etc.)?Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth, Hamlet, Twelfth Night, Much Ado About Nothing, Midsummer Night’s Dream, King Lear, Winter’s Tale, Comedy of Errors are all examples of Shakespeare’s plays.

8. In what country would you find Rome?Rome is the capital of Italy

9. In Ancient Rome, what was the job of the Senate? The senate made decisions about Rome, much like members of parliament in England today.

10. Who decided who should be a senator? How did they get their power?The people of Rome elected a senator: they were chosen by the citizens of Rome.

11. Why is it important to understand how a senate works when studying Julius Caesar?

It is important to understand the workings of a senate the play focuses on characters within the Senate who were concerned for their power.

12. Why was Julius Caesar arguably more powerful than the other senators? What did he achieve?

Julius Caesar was more powerful because he was loved by the people. He successfully controlled a very large army and brought back loot from his conquests.

13. Can you think of a link between the senate and how politics works today? (HINT: If you are struggling, try and find pictures of the House of Commons and the Senate)

There are quite a few links: the main link is that there is a group of people in control who make decisions based on what they think is best for society.

14. What is a tyrant? Can you think of an example of a tyrant? (This can be from a piece of fiction or from real life)

A tyrant is a cruel leader – well known tyrants include Adolf Hitler, Idi Amin, Kim Jon-Un.

15. What does it mean to be ambitious? Challenge: Why can being ambitious be both a positive and negative?

To be ambitious means to desire success and power. Being ambitious can be positive, for example it may help you do well in your career. However, being ambitious can also be negative as it can often result in unfair and selfish behaviour.

16. What do you think Shakespeare was trying to teach us about ambition and power?

Shakespeare was trying to teach the audience the downfalls of being so ambitious and being desperate for power.

17. Can you think of reasons why Shakespeare set his play in Ancient Rome? (HINT: Consider the themes that Shakespeare includes)

Perhaps Shakespeare wanted to criticise a ruler who was greedy for power but was being careful as to not criticise the monarch in such an obvious way.

LESSON 7 ANSWERS: knowledge recall on the plot of Julius Caesar

1. What is Julius Caesar coming back from at the start of the play?Julius Caesar is coming back from a successful military campaign or war.

2. How do the people of Rome treat Caesar on his return?The people of Rome treat Caesar well, they go out to greet him and celebrate his return.

3. Why does the way people of Rome treat Caesar bother the Senators?The way the people of Rome treat Caesar bothers the Senators because they are worried that Caesar is becoming too powerful and could become a tyrant.

4. Who says Caesar is like a ‘Colossus’ and that they are his ‘underlings’?Cassius says that Caesar is like a ‘Colossus’ and that they are his ‘underlings’

5. What is Brutus worried that Caesar will become? Brutus is worried that Caesar will become a tyrant if he is made King of Rome.

6. Who persuades Brutus to get involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar?It is Cassius who persuades Brutus to get involved in a conspiracy to assassinate Caesar.

7. What does assassinate mean?

Assassinate means murder (an important person) often for political reasons.

8. What does conspiracy mean? Conspiracy means a secret plot to do something against the law.

9. Why does Caesar tell Mark Anthony that he does not trust Cassius? Caesar tells Mark Antony that he doesn’t trust Cassius because he has a lean hungry look and suggests that he is always observing everyone very closely.

10. Who has a nightmare that Caesar is going to be killed? Calphurnia, Caesar’s wife, as a dream that Caesar is going to be killed.

11. Does Caesar listen to his wife or go to the Senate anyway? Caesar listens to his wife and decides not to go to the Senate, but then one of the conspirators turns up and persuades him to go saying that people will think he is a coward if he doesn’t go.

12. How many conspirators are involved in the death of Caesar? Around 60 senators were involved in the assassination of Caesar and he was stabbed 23 times.

13. When Brutus stabs Caesar what does Caesar say and what does this show? When Brutus stabs Caesar, Caesar says ‘et tu Brute?’ showing that he is surprised his friend, who he trusted, has betrayed him.

14. Why does Brutus go and tell the people of Rome he has killed Caesar to save them from tyranny? Brutus goes and tells the people of Rome he has killed Caesar to save them from tyranny because he thinks he has done the right and honourable thing and acted in the best interests of Rome.

15. How do the people of Rome react at first when Brutus explains what he has done and why? At first the people of Rome accept what Brutus has done and they are not angry with him but understand his actions.

16. Explain how the people of Rome change their minds when Mark Anthony gives his speech. When Mark Antony gives his speech the people of Rome become angry with Brutus and the conspirators and want to avenge the death of Caesar.

17. What does fickle mean? Fickle means when you change your mind and your loyalty very regularly.

18. Did Cassius and Brutus have the same reason/motive for killing Caesar?No. Cassius’ motive for killing Caesar is because he is jealous of his power and influence, but Brutus’ motive for killing Caesar was more honourable – he believed Caesar was becoming a tyrant which would be dangerous for all of Rome.

19. Where does this play take place?

This play is set in Ancient Rome.

20. What is the main theme in this play? The main theme in this play is power and tyranny.

LESSON 8 ANSWERS: knowledge recall questions on the characters from the play Julius Caesar.

1. Who was Julius Caesar?Julius Caesar is an important political figure from Ancient Rome, he was a successful military leader and he was assassinated by senators who were worried about his power.

2. Was Julius Caesar ever the KING of Rome? Why? No, Julius Caesar was never King of Rome – although in the play the people of Rome clearly want him to be their king. This is because Rome was a republic and therefore power was shared out amongst a number of people, not kept in the hands of one man.

3. Who is the senator that is known for being very honourable and having a deep love of Rome? Brutus is the senator known for being honourable and having a deep love of Rome.

4. What is the Senator Cassius like? Cassius is sneaky, power-hungry and manipulative. He is jealous of the power that Caesar has and therefore plays on Brutus’ honour to make him think Caesar is a tyrant who must be stopped for the good of Rome. Cassius is ambitious for wealth and power.

5. Who is Mark Antony? Mark Antony is a loyal friend of Caesar’s who was involved in many military campaigns with Caesar, he is not involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Caesar.

6. Who does Caesar describe as having a ‘lean, hungry look’ which makes him distrust him? Caesar describes Cassius as having a ‘lean, hungry look’.

7. Who is Calphurnia and what disturbing dream does she have? Calphurnia is Caesar’s wife and she dreams that Caesar will be murdered if he goes to the Senate.

8. Which character is ambitious for power and money?

Cassius is ambitious for power and money.

9. What is Brutus hamartia (his fatal flaw or weakness that leads to his downfall)?Brutus’ hamartia is his love of Rome because it leads him to make bad choices such as trusting Cassius and betraying Caesar.

10. Why does Caesar not listen to Calphurnia’s warning? Caesar ignores Calphurnia’s warning and goes to the Senate because a conspirator comes to get him and says he will be thought of as a coward if he does not go. Also, at this time society was patriarchal and therefore Caesar would be thought of as weak for listening to his wife.

11. Who is the real tragic hero in this play and why? The tragic hero in this play is Brutus because he makes a bad decision but with good intentions and this mistake leads to his eventual downfall.

12. Why is Caesar so popular with the people of Rome? Caesar is popular with the people of Rome because he is a good leader who has won many wars and brought lots of wealth and loot home to Rome.

13. Why does the Senate fear Caesar and want to get rid of him?The senate fear how popular Caesar is with the people and think he is becoming a tyrant which would make the senate powerless and therefore they want to get rid of him.

14. In the end, who do the people of Rome turn against? After Mark Antony’s persuasive speech, the people of Rome turn against Brutus and Cassius and the other conspirators involved in Caesar’s death.

15. Why do Cassius and Brutus fall out later in the play? Cassius and Brutus fall out late in the play when Brutus realises that Cassius is corrupt and is doing illegal things to get money, this makes Brutus angry because he realises that Cassius is dishonourable and does not love Rome like he does.

16. Who delivers the final dagger blow to Caesar? Brutus delivers the 23rd dagger blow to Caesar.

17. What happens to Brutus at the end of the play?At the end of the play Brutus realises that he is surrounded and he falls on his own sword (meaning he kills himself rather than be captured).

LESSON 9 ANSWERS: Alan Turing Comprehension

Section A1. What year and where was Alan Turing born?

London, in 1912

2. Before the Second World War, Turing attended two universities, which?University of Cambridge and Princeton University

3. When did Turing complete his doctorate in Mathematical Logic?1938

4. The Second World War started in which year?1939

5. How many messages were being decoded at Bletchley Park in 1942?39,000 messages a month

6. What was the name of the German code system?The ‘Enigma’

7. After the war, which University did Turing work for?The University of Manchester

8. Turing assisted in making something at the university, what was it?The world’s first working digital computer

9. Why did Turing receive a criminal record?Found guilty of being a homosexual

10. When did Turing die and how old was he?1954, he was 41 years old

Section B: Look at the following statements Turing made during his lifetime.

11. ‘We can only see a short distance ahead, but we can see plenty there thatneeds to be done.’

This tells us that:

A We can see clearly what may happen in the long-term future.

B We can’t see what may happen in the short-term future.

C We can see what may happen in the short-term, but not far into the future.

12. ‘Those who can imagine anything, can create the impossible’

This tells us that:

A Imaginative people can achieve greater accomplishments.

B Hardworking people can achieve impossible tasks.

C Most people can overcome difficult problems.

13. ‘The isolated man does not develop any intellectual power’

This tells us that:

A Working alone allows the progression of intellectual power.

B Working in a group does not help in the progression of intellectual power.

C Working in a group is beneficial and allows the development of intellectual power.

Section C14. Read the following extract from a newspaper article

Find 3 pieces of evidence from the text that show Carney thinks Turing is worthy of being featured on the banknote.

Example: Carney thinks that Turing was an ‘outstanding mathematician’ which could show that Carney admires Turning’s mathematical achievements and that this makes him worthy of being featured on the banknote.

Examples you may have used in your response:

Evidence 1 Carney thinks that Turing’s work ‘has had an enormous impact on how we live today’ which could show that Carney believes that Turing’s work has been life changing; it has affected the lives of many people in an influential way. As a result of the progress made by Turing, our lives are impacted directly for the better, making him worthy of being featured on the banknote

Evidence 2 Carney thinks that Turing is the ‘father of computer science and artificial intelligence’, which could show that he views Turing’s research as seminal and he sees him as a ‘father’ of science. This could suggest Carney believes that Turing has guided, and enabled the progress and development of research for many scientists and mathematicians, making him worthy of being featured on the banknote.

In 2019, The Bank of England Governor Mark Carney announced that Turing would be featured on the new 50-pound banknote. The note is expected to enter circulation in 2021. Carney said:“Alan Turing was an outstanding mathematician whose work has had an enormous impact on how we live today. As the father of computer science and artificial intelligence, as well as a war hero, Alan Turing’s contributions were far ranging and path breaking. Turing is a giant on whose shoulders so many now stand.”The Guardian, 2019

Evidence 3 Carney describes Turing as a ‘war hero’, which could show that not only did he think Turing was a trailblazer in the field of science, but he saw him as brave and courageous during the conflict of WW2, making him worthy of being featured on the banknote.

Section D : Look at the following sentence from the newspaper article.

‘Turing is a giant on whose shoulders so many now stand’

15. What does this tell you about Alan Turing and how Carney sees him.

The statement made by Carney suggests that he sees him as superhuman. I think this because Alan Turing achieved an incredible amount during his very short lifetime. Carney may have described him as a ‘giant’ to show how respected Turing was, to the point of him being an almost greater power.

16. Why do you think Carney described Turing as a giant? Explain your answer in as much detail as you can.

Carney described Turing as a giant because a giant is large in stature and I think this metaphor conveys clearly just how much of an impact Turing’s legacy left, decades later. Carney’s analogy emphasises a large imaginary being, not human but more powerful than others. I think that Carney used this description because he believes that Turing’s power of knowledge was larger than any regular being could leave behind.

17. Using the knowledge you have learned today, explain why you think Alan Turing is worthy of being on the 50-pound banknote.

Alan Turing is worthy of being on the 50-pound banknote because___________

You may have made reference to the following points:

- Influential to future scientists as a result of his seminal work- Broke the German ‘Enigma’ code- Saved over two million lives during WWII- Turing assisted in making the world’s first working digital computer

LESSON 10 ANSWERS:Check your responses to the questions below. You can use the text to refer to when you are checking your answers.

1. What was the name of the village that the peculiars lived in?

Swampmuck

2. What job did the peculiars do at the start of the story?

Farmers

3. How many days did it take to get to Chipping Whippet?

Five days

4. What unusual thing happened at the end of their festival?

Three visitors arrived

5. Where were the visitors trying to get to?

The coast of Meek / the old Roman Road

6. How are the visitors’ clothes described?

Lush brocaded silk/ beautiful

7. What food did Farmer Sally offer to the visitors?

Bowls of swampweed soup/ millet bread/ goat-rump

8. What food did the visitors want to eat?

People/ severed limbs/ bodies of hanged criminals

9. Why were the visitors trying to get to the coast of Meek?

It had the highest rates of accidents/ the most deaths by hanging

10.What was is someone from the village of Swampmuck called?

Swampmuckian

Remember, you needed to decide which choice of word or words could replace the highlighted one and keep the same meaning. You only needed to choose one each time.

11

Lived in flimsy housesa) Toughb) Dirtyc) Feeble

12 Drove their bounty to the marketa) Large amount of produce b) Small flagsc) Chocolate bars

13

Ill-tempered and apt to bitea) Likely to b) Too afraidc) Waiting to

14 A fit of overzealous harvestinga) Very uninterestedb) Very suspiciousc) Very enthusiastic

15

The money they earned at market was paltry

a) A lotb) Not much c) A fair amount

16 They looked emaciateda) Amusedb) Thin c) Annoyed

17

A humble spreada) Quietb) Colourfulc) Simple

18 The severed limbsa) Manyb) Cut off c) Bloody

19

Food was relatively abundanta) Rather rareb) Mostly plentiful c) Usually hidden

20 Lives of perpetual undernourishment

a) Never ending lack of food b) Limited places to find foodc) Constantly being fed

Check your responses to the questions below. You can use the text to refer to when you are checking your answers.

21. In paragraph one, what information suggests the peculiars have a good life?

You may have chosen one or two of these points: they were healthy and joyful/ wanted for little/ Food grew bountifully in their gardens/ clean water ran in the streams/ their humble homes seemed like luxuries/ the weather in Swampmuck was so fair

22. In paragraphs one and two, what is a reader told that suggests these people are hard working?

You may have chosen one or two of these points: the villagers were so devoted to their work/ after a long day of mucking/ simply lie down and sleep in their swamps/ Working round the clock/ drove their bounty to the market town

23. In lines 16-21, how does the writer convey how important the festival is to the people? Choose a quote and give an explanation.

they threw a raucous festival that went on for days. This suggests that the festival caused much excitement. It also lasts for a while so they must enjoy it.

just after the festival had ended and the villagers were about to return to their toil in the swamps. They have stopped work (previously we found out they worked hard) so it must be something they think is worth taking a break from their work for.

24.a) Using lines 20-33, how would you describe the reaction of the villagers to the visitors?

Very interested/ wary or cautious b) Can you find evidence from lines 20-33 to support what you have decided?

Evidence for being very interested- “The villagers gathered around them curiously, marvelling”

Evidence for being wary or cautious- “Don’t get too close!” Farmer Sally warned. “They look as if they might be sick.”

c) Can you find evidence from elsewhere in the extract to support what you have decided?

Further evidence for being very interested- “a dozen villagers crowded around them offering help.”

Further evidence for being wary or cautious- “their concerns about disease”

25. On line 64, it states that “He went on to reassure the shocked villagers that

they were civilized cannibals”. What does he say, after this, that might reassure them? You can quote or put it in your own words.

He tells them they “never killed innocent people” and they “had worked out an arrangement with the king by which they agreed never to kidnap and eat people against their will”. They pay for their ‘food’, “at terrific expense”. They only eat “the severed limbs of accident victims and the bodies of hanged criminals”.

26. In lines 72-76, the writer’s intent may be to create sympathy for the cannibals. How does the writer do this? Choose a phrase or language device and explain your choice.

You may have identified something like this:

The idea of them being constantly hungry is emphasised through synonyms- “always went hungry” “perpetual undernourishment” tormented by an appetite they could rarely satisfy” “starving”.

We are told the positives about them, “wealthy…firmly law-abiding” then told how they are suffering, “doomed to live lives of perpetual undernourishment, forever tormented by an appetite… already starving…doomed to die”.

Repetition of the word “doomed” suggests it is out of their control; they need help.

27.On lines 78-79, a reader is told, “But the Swampmuckians were compassionate almost to a fault”. a) In your own words, what does this mean?

They are caring and want to help people more than many others would/ they are so caring it might actually be a problem

b) What might this suggest about what happens next in the story, after the extract ends?

It might suggest that the cannibals will be able to take advantage of the villagers. It could imply that the cannibals will use the generosity of the villagers for their own gain.Or the villagers may be so helpful that the cannibals will always remember this and help them later in the story.

LESSON 11 ANSWERS: Harry Potter comprehension questions

1. How long has Harry lived with the Dursleys?Harry has lived with the Dursleys for nearly ten years.

2. What street did they live on?They live on Privet Drive.

3. How had the photos changed over the years?The phots have changed over the years from pictures of Dudley as a baby to pictures that show Dudley growing up.

4. What was special about that day?It was Dudley’s birthday

5. Why was Harry used to spiders?Harry was used to spiders, because the cupboard under the stairs was full of them, and that was where he slept.

6. Why was it a mystery to Harry that Dudley wanted a bike for his birthday?

It was a mystery to Harry why Dudley wanted a bike for his birthday, as Dudley was very fat and hated exercise.

7. Why were Harry’s glasses broken?Harry’s glasses were broken because Dudley had punched him on the nose several times.

8. What unique feature does Harry have on his head?Harry has a lightning shaped scar on his head.

9. Why did Harry look skinnier and smaller than he was?Harry looked smaller and skinner than he actually was because all he had to wear were old clothes of Dudley's, and Dudley was about four times bigger than he was.

10. What was Harry responsible for doing?

Harry was responsible for looking after the bacon.

11. What was the first question Harry ever asked Aunt Petunia?

The first question Harry asked Aunt Petunia was how he got his scar.

More challenging questions

12. What time of day was it?It was morning.

13. How old do you think Dudley might be?Around 11 because it says that 10 years ago there were lots of pictures of Dudley as a baby on the mantelpiece.

14. How had the photos changed over the years?

The photos had changed from “a large pink beach ball wearing different-colored bonnets” to “a large blonde boy riding his first bicycle” and “playing a computer game with his father”.

15. Why was Dudley unable to punch Harry?Dudley was unable to punch Harry often because Harry was too fast for him to catch.

16. What exercise did Dudley enjoy?The only exercise Dudley enjoyed was using Harry as a punch bag.

17. Find four adjectives that describe Harry’s appearance. small skinny ‘thin’ face ‘bright’ eyes

18. What do we know about the neighbourhood?We know that the neighbourhood is tidy and has not changed much in the last 10 years.

19. What do you think Dudley is like?Dudley seems spoilt and unpleasant, like a bully.

20. Why did Harry look skinnier and smaller than he was?The reason Harry looks skinnier and smaller than he was is because he has to wear all of Dudley’s hand-me-downs which are too big.

21. Why was the table almost hidden?The table was almost hidden because Dudley had received so many presents for his birthday that they practically covered the whole table.

22. What was the first question Harry ever asked Aunt Petunia?Harry remembers asking his Aunt Petunia how he got the lightning shaped scar on his head.

Most challenging questions

23. What impression do you get of Aunt Petunia? What makes you think this?

I get the impression that Aunt Petunia is quite a cruel Aunt because she speaks severely to Harry, commanding him "Up! Get up! Now!". She seems to spoil her son and neglect her nephew which is unfair.

24. Why might Harry feel like he had had the same dream before?Perhaps Harry feels he has had the same dream before because he really has had the same dream before and it feels familiar or because it has happened to him in real life when he was much younger and he can’t properly remember it now.25. Find all the adjectives that describe Harry’s appearance. small skinny fast ‘thin’ face ‘bright’ eyes ‘knobbly’ knees ‘black’ hair

26. What language feature is used in Dudley Dursley’s name?Alliteration

27. Why does the author say Aunt Petunia’s voice is shrill? What impact does this have?The author describes Aunt Petunia’s voice as ‘shrill’ because it has connotations of being high-pitched and harsh which makes the reader dislike Aunt Petunia because it sounds as though she is always speaking to Harry in an unpleasant manner.

28. Why do you think Harry didn’t look fast?Harry didn’t look fast because he was so small and skinny that he looks malnourished, not like someone who is very athletic.

LESSON 12 ANSWERS: 1. When was David Attenborough born? [1]1926

2. How many siblings did he have? [1]2 [brothers]

3. What did his brother Richard do when he grew up that made him famous? [2]Actor [1] Film maker [1]

4. What kind of family did David grow up in? [2] Well off [1] Caring/Principled/Brave any reference to looking after the refugees [1]

5. In fact, by the age of seven he had already created his very own "museum" of bird eggs, old stamps and ancient fossils.

a) What does this tell us about David as a boy? [1]He was interested in wildlife/collecting things

b) Why is the word museum in inverted commas? [1]Because it was not actually a museum/ he called it museum but it was not – just a boy’s collection in his own home.

6. What did David Study at University? [1]Natural sciences/science

7. Explain why David did not want to work in a university [1] He didn’t want to spend his time in lecture theatres [1] or He didn’t want to spend his time in labs [1] or He wanted to get out and travel/see the world/study animals in wild [1]

8.

a) Why are the

words "teeth were too big" in inverted commas? [1]Because it is what someone actually said/quotation

b) Find and copy one phrase that tells us that Attenborough was becoming famous. [1]

Started to make a name for himselfc) Why do you think that David Attenborough ignored his boss. Use evidence from

the text about his personality? [3] He had always wanted to make wildlife documentaries. He had always been determined – even as a young boy. He is committed to documentary making. He believes in treating people fairly. [up to 3]

9) Why was David’s career in the Navy disappointing to him?[2] He had wanted to travel the world[1] He had only been sent to North Wales and Scotland/ Had not travelled

very far [1]

10) Why is the word bioanthropy written in bold letters? [1]The word bioanthropy is written in bold letters because it is explained at the bottom of the page/in the glossary.

11) What does the text tell you about televisions before 1965. Why was this important to Attenborough’s career? [2]

Before 1965 TV was only in black and white/not in colour. [1] Wildlife documentaries are better in colour or it led him to be

controller of programmes. [1]

12) What else does David do, other than presenting, to contribute to his TV programmes? [2]Writes scripts/discusses programmes with researchers and or producers/ makes notes [up to 2 marks]

13) Why does the author include this information about David Attenborough? [2] To tell us what kind of person he is

that he treats people well/kindly is unassuming/humble not full of himself he is one of the team not just the boss

His boss at the BBC initially told Attenborough he shouldn't actually work in front of the cameras as his "teeth were too big" but after several years he started to make a name for himself, making the successful Zoo Quest series.

The great presenter is no prima donna, always travelling economy class with his film crew, only accepting offers for airline upgrades if it extends to his crew as well. A modest David has been quoted as saying, "People assume I do all the work. I keep having to tell them, it was the cameraman, not me".

team player [upto 2 marks]

14) What is David afraid of? [2] Rats [1] Places where rats might be like caves – do not accept caves on its

own[1]

15) How do we know that David is courageous? [3] He abseils (in rainforests) [1] Visited the North Pole (at aged 60) [1] Allowed himself to be attacked by ants [1] Visits dangerous places does dangerous things [1 – if not accompanied

by examples]

16) Using information from the text explain what you would like and dislike about being a TV naturalist. Give reasons for your choices. [4]

Like DislikeAny plausible choice from the texteg.

travelling/working with animals/writing books [1] if accompanied by a reason eg because I like to visit new places/ find animals interesting etc [2]

Any plausible choice from the texteg.

Being away from home/doing dangerous things [1] if accompanied by a reason eg because I would miss my family/would be scared etc [2]

17) Why do you think the author tells us about the other people included in the 100 Greatest Britons list? [2]

Because they are very famous people who have done great things/everyone would have heard of [1]

and so the reader can compare Attenborough to people they know/these people [1]

18) What two sentences tell us that David still wishes to carry on exploring, travelling and making his programmes? [2]

At the age of 88, he is still producing natural history and films and has no intention of stopping.

He says, “I just wish the world was twice as big and half of it was still unexplored”

19) Use lines to join the boxes to show the purpose of the text. [2]

20) Write numbers 1-5 to put these in chronological order. [1]

David is named as one of the top 100 Great Britons. 5

David set up his own “museum” 1

David joined the BBC.3

David made his Life on Earth series4

David got married to Elizabeth.2

LESSON 13 ANSWERS: Dictionary Dig of Ambitious Emotion Words – Answers How many did you get correct out of 20?

Perplexed: if you are perplexed, you feel confused and slightly worried by something because you do not understand it. E.g. She was perplexed about what to do for her daughter.

Born in 1926, David Frederick Attenborough into a well-off family with two brothers, John and Richard.

A modest David has been quoted as saying, "People assume I do all the work. ".

Once a massive file of notes has been accumulated, only then does David begin his travels.

To tell us about David’s personality.

To tell us about how David goes about his working life.

To tell us about David’s background.

Rapturous: showing extreme pleasure and happiness or excitement. E.g. The play was greeted with rapturous applause. 

Dejected: if you are dejected, you feel miserable or unhappy, especially because you have just been disappointed by something. E.g. Everyone has days when they feel dejected or down.

Euphoric: feeling intense excitement and happiness. E.g. Another of the emotional benefits of exercise is the euphoric state resulting from working out. 

Skeptical: not easily convinced; having doubts or reservations.E.g. When I said I'd finished my homework early, Mom looked skeptical.

Indignant: feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is seen as unfair treatment. E.g. If I'm indignant, it's because you threw that book at me!

Apathetic: showing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern. E.g. Because Jane was apathetic about completing her schoolwork, she did not graduate on time.

Disillusioned: having lost faith or trust in something or being disappointed that something is not as good, valuable, or true as it had seemed. E.g. If the king had hoped for peace, he was to be sadly disillusioned.

Tenacious: unwilling to accept defeat or stop doing or having something. E.g. Even though Jackson was smaller than his other teammates, his tenacious attitude allowed him to accomplish as much as they did.

Contemptuous: someone who is full of hatred for someone or something. E.g. Because he was often in pain, my grandfather was a contemptuous old man who looked down upon practically everyone.

Disconcerted: worried by something and uncertain. E.g. I was a little disconcerted by his reply.

Enthralled: filled with delight and wonder at something. E.g. She had been so enthralled by the adventure that she had hardly noticed the cold.

Forlorn: pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely. E.g. He pressed his face against the window and managed a forlorn goodbye wave.

Reproachful: expressions or remarks show that you are disappointed, upset, or angry because someone has done something wrong. E.g. She gave him a reproachful look.

Elated: extremely happy and excited, often because something has happened or been achieved. E.g. I was so elated on my wedding day.

Pensive: feeling sad while deep in thought. E.g. After losing his job, Alex became more pensive than ever.

Dispirited: having lost all hope and feeling disheartened. E.g. After losing the final game of the season, the once excited team was now sad and dispirited.

Buoyant: cheerful and optimistic. E.g. The conference ended with the party in a buoyant mood

Desolate: feeling or showing great unhappiness or loneliness. E.g. I suddenly felt desolate after falling out with my friend.

Zealous: enthusiastic and eager. E.g. He thought the reporters were too zealous in their attempts to get into the event.

LESSON 14: improving verbs using a thesaurus

Verb Improved verb/s Sentence with improved verb

Held Clasped, clutched, gripped.

I clasped hold of the relay baton.

Walk Stroll, strut, pace, amble, strode

I ambled towards the bus stop.

Run Sprint, race, dart, rush, scurry, dash

She darted ahead of me in the queue.

Close Slam, fasten, lock, shut

Suddenly I heard the door slam.

Throw Launch, fling, catapult, hurl, toss

He launched the javelin across the field

Talking Chattering, gossiping, babbling, whispering

Crowds of people stood chattering happily about the match.

Cry Weep, sob, wail, bawl

When I discovered my ankle was broken, I couldn’t help but bawl for hours.

Pulled Dragged, tugged, heaved, hauled, towed

My parents heaved the furniture into our new house.

Broken Shattered, splintered, smashed, fragmented

The remains of the expensive vase were fragmented on the floor.

Shout Bellow, yell, roar, howl

The team roared with delight when the final whistle blew.

LESSON 15: improving my use of adjectives

Adjective Improved adjectives Improved adjective in a sentence

Big Colossal, enormous, giant

Juan stared at the enormous slice of chocolate cake.

Happy Delighted, joyful, content, gleeful

Nina was delighted with her exam feedback.

Little Minute, tiny, miniscule, miniature

The doll’s house was full of miniature furniture and people.

Tired Exhausted, fatigued, weary, drowsy

I was fatigued from a hard day of learning at college.

Interesting Fascinating, spellbinding, engrossing

The archaeologist found the ancient fossils fascinating

Annoying Irritating, infuriating, bothersome, irksome

My younger siblings are extremely bothersome.

Neat Immaculate, tidy, organised, spotless

Our house is always immaculate because we spend hours every week cleaning it.

Cold Freezing, chilly, glacial, wintry, icy, nippy

Even though it was May there was a wintry chill in the air.

Odd Bizarre, strange, peculiar, abnormal

The artefact the children had found was very peculiar.

Old Ancient, archaic, antique, old-fashioned

The ancient ruins looked as though they might collapse at any moment.