ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Annotated Bibliography Yohta Shimizu University of Illinois Author Note Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science. Contact: [email protected]In the following, I ordered sources by subtopic of my research. Subtopics are also in order of my research flow, starting with initial research question about echo chamber, and moved to serendipity as a solution to echo chamber. Then I searched some example to see what kind of experiments have done 1
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ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Annotated Bibliography
Yohta Shimizu
University of Illinois
Author Note
Yohta Shimizu, MS in Library and Information Science
Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Yohta Shimizu,
3. Bawden, D. (2011). Encountering on the road to Serendip? Browsing in new information environments.
ISBN: 978-1-85604-973-3
Source Type: Book Section
a) In the past, browsing was seen as a method of finding information in printed sources,
mainly because of lack of tools or indexing to assist searching. However, Bawden argues that browsing behavior in information seeking remains popular, even though the technology of searching information has evolved. In this source Bawden explains that people find merit in browsing because sometimes it leads us to information we hadn’t expected.
b) I found this source from the reading list from the seventh week of lecture. At this point, I
was searching for systematical approach for serendipity. In other word, I was curious what kind of environment would lead information seekers more likely to encounter serendipity.
c) The source is one of the required readings from the seventh week of lecture. My strategy was to finding out what kind of environment would more likely to lead information seekers to encounter serendipity, as a solution to echo chamber.
d) The source was taken from the first chapter of In Innovations in information retrieval: Perspectives for theory and practice, published by facet publishing. The book covers various researches and issues in the context of information retrieval. Other topics discussed in the book ranged from classification in general, to music information retrieval research. Full-text of chapter is available from seventh week of the lecture page.
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e) Screenshot attached.
f) Metadata for this source is decently covered. Adding keyword tags such as “serendipity” or “information retrieval” may help, but I noticed Readership information (Screenshot above) would work as an alternative for information professional who search it by keywords.
4. Erdelez, S., Heinström, J., Makri, S., Björneborn, L., Beheshti, J., Toms, E., & Agarwal, N. K. (2016). Research perspectives on serendipity and information encountering: Research Perspectives on Serendipity and Information Encountering.
doi: 10.1002/pra2.2016.14505301011
Source type: Journal Article
a) This paper describes the multiple perspectives about serendipity and information encountering, in terms of Library and Information Science (LIS). Although the term “serendipity” existed since the 1960’s, authors clarified that the use of the term in the field of LIS has increased exponentially since the 1990’s. Researchers from related field makes clear the importance of research for serendipity and also provide us with various issues and challenges in this field of study.
b) I was looking for sources about the definition of “serendipity” by Erdelez and encountered this source, because I saw her citation several times during my research and her definition seemed most informative to me. This source was one of the reference sources in Encountering on the road to Serendip? (Bawden,2011).
c) In the beginning, I searched for the paper by Erdelez on Information Science Easy Search. During my search process, however, I encountered this source and found it more informative than the one I had looked for. Since I was aware that Erdelez published multiple papers about serendipity, I compared abstracts of her latest papers and chose the one that best answered my question.
d) I found this source from the reference list of Bawden’s paper. His paper focused on the concept of information retrieval, and serendipity was one of the examples. Thus, many of the reference lists were also related to serendipity. Full-text text was available from the collection.
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e) Screenshot attached.
f) Since this paper was written by several authors from different institutions, I would add the research method each researcher used to help readers understand the background of each argument. This may also help readers choose the partial arguments from the paper.
5.André, P., schraefel, m. c., Teevan, J., & Dumais, S. T. (2009). Discovery is never by chance: designing for (un)serendipity.
doi: 10.1145/1640233.1640279
Source type: Conference Paper
a) The main argument of the authors is that previous research on serendipity has focused primarily on only one aspect of serendipity, which is chance encounters. In reality, however, for serendipity to be valuable chance encounters must be synthesized into insight. The paper tries to provide some clues about how to induce serendipity by exploring the role of environment and how we can better enable serendipitous discoveries more readily and immediately.
b) I found this source at the very last stage of my research process. One of my fellow graduate student let me know this source when we were discussing at the other class whether computer itself would provide us a new insight.
c) Since this source was introduced by my fellow graduate student, I didn’t have any strategy for finding this source. But I think learning foundation of computer science helped me understand the meaning of this source in depth, because I would have missed the point if I had no understanding about features of computer.
d) This source is available from ResearchGate. ResearchGate is a portal network website forscientists and researchers. We can search various sources by subject area and keyword. In terms of authors, they can find what type of user read the source based on users’ information who logged in. Thus, it is one type of a interactive information retrieval platform. Full-text is available as of November 7.
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e) Screenshot attached.
f) I would add keywords for the source as metadata. Keywords are included in the source, but I would put them on collection page (screenshot above) to help information seeker retrieve this source with ease.
g) LCSH for " Information storage and retrieval systems”
Information storage and retrieval systems
This heading may be further subdivided by subject, e.g. [Information storage and retrieval systems--Accounting.]
In explaining serendipity, they take some of the experiments made in both academic and commercial fields as an example and argue that the concept of serendipity is defined by two key components: accident and sagacity. Aside from introducing some examples, the report gives us some insightful proposal about how information professionals can facilitate this type of unplanned discovery.
b) The report was one of the assigned readings from the seventh lecture of Information
Organization & Access.
c) I found source from the reading list from seventh lecture of Information Organization &
Access. My strategy was to find the suitable definition of serendipity, because serendipity was one of the keywords for my research on echo chamber. I chose this resource because this report not only provides some definition of serendipity, but also concisely describes the effect of serendipity and how it works.
d) As I wrote above, this source was one of the assigned readings from the seventh lecture of the class. Since the theme of the class that week was “Interfaces, Searches, and Discovery” the other sources ranged from interfaces like CMS to framework of information seeking. This source would be labeled as discovery. All the sources for the class were full-text.
e) Screenshot attached.
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f) Although this report includes insightful analysis from multiple fields, metadata at collection
page (screenshot above) seemed very poor to me. Thus, I would add more keywords about
some topics discussed in the report, such as “e- commerce”.
Retrieved from //www.adsoftheworld.com/media/digital/telekom_romania_vloggers_swap
Source type: Video Recording
a) The project is about online experiment made by Telekom Romania. The telecommunications company in Romania Project called Vloggers’ Swap was made by deep analysis of the data of different Vlog channels on Youtube, and showed opposite view of interest of customer’s preference one day. Although quantitative impact was not clarified from the source, according to the source, this experiment was generally perceived positively and helped Vlog channel appeal to people they normally wouldn’t reach.
b) I found this source when I was searching something that can be a solution or counteraction to echo chambers. There were many theories or academic papers about echo chamber, but as I go over the theory about echo chamber, I felt I needed an example of concrete action about this issue and came up with this source.
c) After searched for echo chamber and its effect on an academic database for a while I stepped back and tried to search on Google. There were some ideas about experiment or campaign, but I chose the one which was actually done and seemed sustainable (benefit both users and people who launched campaign).
d) I found this source in Ads of the World. Ads of the World is the portal web site that user can access unique ads from all over the world. The ad itself was aired in Romania in May 2018, and full video can be retrieved from the website as of Oct.25 2018.
e) Screenshot attached.
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f) I noted there were no tags like “echo chamber” or “filter bubble” for this source. Using tags like these term would help researchers, but I also wouldn't put a tag like echo chamber, because the portal website is open to general users, and I assume the objective of the ad is to reach users who never thought of echo chamber. For this source, giving the impression that the ad is "cool" is more important than putting academic term, which sometimes seems overwhelming to general users.
found: Work cat.: 2007010930: Miller, M. YouTube4U, 2006 (YouTube is a video sharing site; used for viewing videos and also uploading your own videos to the YouTube site; often used to to share videos on MySpace, the social networking site)
found: YouTube.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (Internet videos; Online videos)
found: Getdemocracy.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (Internet videos; Net videos)
found: Msnbc.msn.com. viewed Mar 14, 2007 (from Brad Stone's column Plain text: Internet videos; Web videos)
9. Diversity and the Challenges Facing Asian Cities Today. Retrieved from https://www.dss.gov.au/our-responsibilities/settlement-services/programs-policy/a-multicultural-australia/programs-and-publications/1995-global-cultural-diversity-conference-proceedings-sydney/public-policy-and-diversity/diversity-and-the-challenges-facing
Source type: web page
a) The report summarizes several features and issues Asian cities currently facing today. Driven by increasing number of the workforce from the domestic countryside and neighboring countries, Asian countries are facing more and more diverse society, which is different from that of the States or Europe. This report provides some of instances in Singapore and proposes some of the insight that Asian cities manage more diversified society.
b) I needed an evidence to support my premise, which is East Asians are more vulnerable to echo chamber because of our uniformity. I was searching such sources by keyword: “Asia” and “diversity” on general Google search, and found this source.
c) I found this source when I was searching diversity in East Asia. My hypothesis was more opportunities of serendipity could be a solution to echo chamber, and diversity is the key factor to the serendipity. Although the source doesn't focus on East Asia, I felt East Asian society has many things to learn from diverse society in the country like Singapore and chose this source.
d) Since I searched this source through a general online search on Google, I tried to qualify the source. In the collection, there were blog posts or websites, but some of them contained few pieces of evidence to support their argument. Thus, I chose this source with decent evidence and perspective from several viewpoints. Full-text text was available from the collection.
f) Since this paper had few metadata and published by Australian Government, I would include Declaration of conflicting interests or Funding, if the paper had any. I would include this metadata to clarify the position writer take, to avoid misleading discussion.
g) LCSH for "Multiculturalism "
Multiculturalism
Here are entered works on policies or programs that foster the preservation of different cultural identities, including customs, languages, and beliefs, within a unified society such as a state or nation. Works on the condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one society are entered under [Cultural pluralism] Works on the blending of elements from two or more cultures, often producing a distinctive successor culture, are entered under [Cultural fusion.]
found: UMI business vocab. (Ethnic diversity, use Multiculturalism and pluralism)
found: Random House.
found: Am. heritage dict. (multicultural)
found: ERIC thes. (Multiculturalism use Cultural pluralism)
found: Hennepin.
found: Hirschhorn, B. New York Times words and issues, c1985.
found: LC database, March 12, 1993.
LC Classification
BD175.5.M84
HM1271
General Notes
Here are entered works on policies or programs that foster the preservation of different cultural identities, including customs, languages, and beliefs, within a unified society such as a state or nation. Works on the condition in which numerous distinct ethnic, religious, or cultural groups coexist within one society are entered under [Cultural pluralism] Works on the blending of elements from two or more cultures, often producing a distinctive successor culture, are entered under [Cultural fusion.]
10. Takano, Y., & Sogon, S. (2008). Are Japanese More Collectivistic Than Americans?: Examining Conformity in In-Groups and the Reference-Group Effect.
doi: 10.1177/0022022107313902
a) This article analyses the validity of the common view that Japanese are more collectivistic than American. Authors of the article Takano and Sogon challenge our assumption by pointing out the lack of evidence between the common view and empirical research in the past. Through research for 40 groups of 140 Japanese students, authors concluded that Japanese conform no more than Americans in groups.
b) I found this article when I was searching for evidence to support my hypothesis. My hypothesis was that East Asian people are more vulnerable to echo chamber, because we're collectivistic and less diverse.
c) My search started with assumption above, so I searched with keywords: "Asian", "diversity", “echo chamber”. I was searching for paper in the field of comparative culture. There were many papers about a comparison between East Asian culture and Western culture, but there were surprisingly few sources to support my assumption. I noticed that this assumption is problematic as I went on with my research. Thus, I changed my scope and found this source that counter argues my initial assumption.
d) I found this source from the digital collection of Takano's paper at the University of Tokyo. Takano is a socio-phycologist at the University of Tokyo and published many papers and books in this field of comparative culture, especially between Japan and the States, and his argument seemed the most evidence-based among what I found.
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e) Screenshot attached.
f) Metadata for this source seemed fairly covered the information for the source. Article information covered all the information I needed to retrieve this paper, including DOI, profile of authors, and publication information. Keywords assigned for this source are detailed enough, so that I could find this in an unknown search.