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Prevention of Peat Degradationthrough Groundwater Management
and
Rice Husk-based Power Generation
Shimizu Corporation
2013.02.21&22
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Purpose of Feasibility Study
Reduction of Peatland CO2 Emissions:
Water management to suppress peat decomposition
caused by drainage in Berbak Delta of Jambi Province.
Sustainable Development:
Increase rice production with the water management and
power generation using the rice husk.
MRV methodology:Measure/Report/Verify method development for
JCMbetween Indonesia and Japan.
Supported by: Ministry of Environment of Japan, FY2010-FY2012
GEC: Global Environment Center Foundation
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PROJECT SITE PROFILE
Site : Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency, Jambi Province
Area: About 10,000ha
=100km2)
Berbak delta
Berbak river
Batang hari
10km
History of the site
PU developed canals for irrigation
during 1970s
Due to drainage, the landsbecame dry and rice yield is as
low as 1-2 tons/ha.
Peat has not been conserved and
its decomposition (=CO2 emission)
is advancing
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Bypassed gate
Acid soil
No water management
Peat decomposition [CO2 ]
Soil acidification [Rice yield ]
Cause dried peatlands
REFERENCE SCENARIO: Current Situation
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PROJECT SCENARIO: GWL Restoration & Rice Yield Increase
Peat in Groundwater
1. Ground Water Level Restoration with water gates upgrade
and improved operation to reduce peat decomposition
2. Rice Yield in dry season
3. Rice husk power generation
Watergate
Water table and rice production increase
Water table
recovery
Before (=Reference)
CO2 emissions by peat decomposition
Dry peatcanal
After (=Project)
as
h
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Water quality measurementPipe installation
2ndary canal gate surveyGWT data download
MRV : Site Monitoring
Rain gage installation
Hearing from farmers
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MRV : Site Monitoring
PlotA
PlotBPlotC
PlotB
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MRV: Site Monitoring
Groundwater Level Monitoring
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
2011/9/1 2011/10/31 2011/12/30 2012/2/28 2012/4/28 2012/6/27 2012/8/26 2012/10/25
Precipitation(mm/10min)
Waterlevel(GL:m)
BHA1-1 AP-2 AP-5 AP-12 AR-1 AR-6 Precipitation
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
Waterlevel(EL:m)
10min 1day 1week
biweek 1month 3month
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Pilot STUDY Water Control in Plot A
Flap Gate
Flap Gate
Water
Water SK-5Road
: Collector Channel
A = 40 cm
B = 20 cm
: Micro Channel
A = 20 cm
B = 20 cm
: Land Ownership
SK-6Road
PC-2
T
aChane
T
aChane
A
B
C
: Tertiary Channel
A = 120 cm
B = 70 cm
Layout ofChannel Plan
Tertiary canals and water gate plan (12ha rice field in Plot A)
PlotA
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B. ater RetentionHigh tide/Flooding Low tide/Rainfall
LandSecon
Land
A. Land Drainage OperationHigh tide/Flooding
Land
Secondary
channel
Low tide/Rainfall
Land
Tertiary
channel
Water channel
A.
B.
For Dry Season
For Wet Season
Pilot STUDY Water Control in Plot A
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Tertiary canal gate presented tothe farmers leaderMeetings with farmers
Secondary gate checkTertiary canal preparation by farmers
Pilot STUDY Water Management in Plot A
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Stakes holder meeting
in the Pilot Project SiteTertiary canal and
rice growth
Farmers with growing rice
Pilot Study : Water Management & Rice Production
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I. SITE MONITORING
GWL
Peat thicknessTopography
II. SATELLITE DATA
Topography (SRTM)
Land Cover (GSMaP)Rainfall (Landsat etc)
III. HYDROLOGY MODEL
Calculate Ground Water Level with
Lumped Model or 3D Model.
MRV : Methodology How To Evaluate Emission Reductions
IV. GHG EMISSION CALCULATION
ER = RE PE= Ai * EFPEAT * (RWL PWL)
Ai : Plot area
EFPEAT : Emission factor
If RMSE < 10cm
Watergate
RWL
PWL
(Reference Water Level)
(Project Water Level)
Reference
Project
No
Yes
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MRV : Applicability Conditions and Reference Scenario
1
Project controls groundwater table (GWT) for peat rewetting by
technical methods.
Drainage was implemented prior to January 1, 2014.
2
Project site altitude > 100 m
Peat thickness > 0.5m in average
3 Project area is hydrologically independent from other peatlands.
It does not give adverse impact on the environment or local citizens.
4
Project area is influenced by drainage
(e.g. data indicating GWT lowering and/or peat subsidence).
5 Mean GWT should be evaluated with hydraulic model and confirmed
with measurements
6 Project implementation shall not cause additional nature destruction.
Applicability Conditions
BaU: Rewetting of developed peatlands will not become obligatory
in the Republic of Indonesia.
Reference Scenario
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MRV: Target GHGs
Source Gas Included? Reason/Explanation
Referencescenario
Aerobic peatdecomposition
CO2 YesMain source to be addressed inreference scenario.
N2O No Conservatively not accounted.
Anaerobicpeatdecomposition
CH4 No Conservatively not accounted.
Projectscenario
Aerobic peatdecomposition CO2 Yes
Main source and gas to be
addressed by the projectactivities.
Riceproduction
N2O YesWhen rice production exceedsnational policy target, N2O andCH4 emissions shall beevaluated(3 ton/ha in 2004-2014, 4 ton/hain 2015-2019, 5-6 ton/ha after2020).
Anaerobic peat
decompositionused for paddyfield
CH4 Yes
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MRV : Monitoring Parameters
Para
meter
Description Measurement Method
A Area of plot, which
can be assumed
hydrology and peat
depth are constant
Determined based on remote sensing data and land survey,
and shall be updated if there are changes.
PWT Mean annual water
table during project
implementation
Calculated using a hydraulic model using satellite climate
data (precipitation, air-temperature) and confirmed with
groundwater levels (RMSE
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0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Precipitation(mm/d)
GWL(GL-m)
Rainfall(mm/d)
Box Model
Obs. (Average)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Precipitation(mm/d)
GWL(GL-m)
Rainfall(mm/d)
Box Model
Obs. (Average)
MRV: Peat CO2 Emission Reduction Evaluation
Groundwater Table Calculation
Groundwater table calculation verified with measurement
RMSE=10cm
Reference
Pilot Project
RMSE=8cm
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Emission Reductions Calculations
MRV: Peat CO2 Emission Reduction Evaluation
Calculation Conditions- Project area: 100ha x 100 plots
- Reference Mean GWL : GL -0.6m
- Project Mean GWL : GL -0.3m
- EFPEAT-CO2 = 69 tCO2/ha/y/m, EFPEAT-N2O=0.4 tCO2/ha/y, EFPEAT-CH4=3.6 tCO2/ha/y
Reference Emission = 100ha * 0.6m * 69 tCO2/ha/y/m = 414,000 tCO2/y
Project Emission = 100ha * (0.3m * 69 tCO2/ha/y/m + 0.4 tCO2/ha/y + 3.6 tCO2/ha/y)
= 247,000 tCO2/y
Emission Reductions = 414,000 247,000 = 167,000 tCO2/y
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Env. Integrity & Sustainable Development
Peatland Fire Prevention- GWL control to > GL -40cm can prevent fire of peatlands
- Land subsidence decrease
- No negative impact
Rice Production Increase & Power Generation
- Rice production potential : 2 ton/ha => 6 ton/ha (2 ton/ha in dry + 4 ton/ha in wet season)- Rice husk : 10,000ha * 6ton/ha * 2515,000ton
- Possible Power Generation : 625 KW (=3500MWh/y )
- CO2 reduction : 1.500tCO2/y
Briquette maker
100300
H2,CO,CH4,
300900
H2,CO,CH4,CO2,H2O
900
H2,CO,CH4
400900
400600
C + 2H2 CH4 + 75(KJ/mol)
C + O2 CO2 + 406(KJ/mol)
H2 + 1/2O2 H2O + 242(KJ/mol)
CO2 + C 2CO - 173(KJ/mol)
C + H2O CO + H2 - 131(KJ/mol)
CO2 + H2 CO + H2O + 41(KJ/mol
Gasification furnace
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Project cost: Estimation of the project cost for 10,000ha
Project Cost
Initial Cost
Cost
million USD
1 Water gate restoration 0.810 location x 20,000USD,
120 locations x 5,000USD
2 Leakage & bypass stop 1.2 120 locations x 10,000USD
3 Ccanal maintenance 2.8Prim: 50km x 20,000USD/km
Second: 200km x 3,000USD/km
Tertiary: 500km x 1,000USD/km + 1,000
4 Monitoring equipment 0.5
5 Gas furnace & generator 3.6
6 Project preparation & Validation 1.0
Total 9.9
Annual Operation CostCost
1,000USD
1 Water gate maintenance 60 200 locations 300USD
2 Canal maintenance 100 200km500USD/km
3 Gate operation 48010groupx12,000USD
100groupsx3,600USD
4 Monitoring equipment 30 Level logger: 102,000USD,
5 Hydrology model calculations 50
6 Gas furnace & Generator maintenance 340
7 Monitoring Report & Verification 50
Total 1,110
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Project Scheme
Project Scheme
Indonesian Government
Min of Public Works (PU)
Local Government
Jambi province
Tanjun Jabun Timur
Japanese Government
Consultation
Japanese
Project Consortium
Joint
Implementation
SupervisionSupport
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PARTNERS : Cooperation for FS & Next Steps
Central government
-Min. of Public Works
Local Government
- Jambi University
- Jambi Province Government
- Sriwijaya University
- Tanjun Jabun Timur Government
University
Next Steps
1. Continued capacity building
2. PPP Scheme Development under JCM
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For contact
Akihiko HIRAYAMA
[email protected] Corporation
www.shimz.co.jp
Shimizu Headquarters The World No.1 Energy Saving Building
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Terima kasih, Thank you