Weather: my report in earth science

Weather Forecasti

ng

Weather *Is a term that encompasses phenomena in the atmosphere of a planet. *It is also normally taken to mean the activity of these phenomena over short periods of time usually no more than a few days.

To produce a short-range forecast is indeed a big task involving the four steps. Included in these are:ObservationCollection and Transmission of Weather DataPlotting and Analysis of Weather DataPrognosis or Forecast

*From the weather patterns, a number of methods are used to know the future state of atmosphere, a job called weather forecasting.

WHAT IS A WEATHER

FORECAST? (weather forecasting)

A weather forecasting is

simply a scientific

estimate of future weather

condition.

*Weather condition is the state of the atmosphere at a given time expressed in terms of the most significant weather variables. *The significant weather variables being forecast differ from place to place.

HOW IS A WEATHER FORECAST

MADE?

*In forecasting the weather, a Meteorologist must at least know something about the existing weather condition over a large area before he can make a reliable forecast. *The accuracy of his forecast depends largely upon his knowledge of the prevailing weather conditions over a very wide area.

*The forecast decision is based on various forecasting tools. *The basic tool of weather forecaster is the WEATHER MAP.

*The WEATHER MAP depicts the distribution patterns of atmospheric pressure, wind, temperature and humidity at the different levels of the atmosphere. *There are two types of the basic weather map namely: the surface map and the upper – air maps.

Five standard level/steps of the upper air maps that are constructed twice daily at twelve -hourly interval.

*Observation*Collection and Transmission of Weather Data*Plotting and Analysis of weather Data*Analysis of Weather Maps, Satellite and Radar Imageries and Other Data /Prognosis or forecast*Formulation of Forecast

Observation

Plotting and Analysis Of Weather Data

Analysis Of Weather Maps, Satellite And Radar Imageries And Other Data/Prognosis or Forecast

Formulation Of The Forecast

*The surface maps are made four times daily at twelve- hourly interval. The distribution patterns of rain or other forms of precipitation and cloudiness can also be delineated.

Numerical Weather

Prediction*Is the science of predicting the weather using “models” of the atmosphere and computational techniques.

TECHNIQUES *Persistence *Use of a barometer*Looking at the sky*Now casting *Use of forecast models *Analog techniques

Weather Elements:

*Temperature *Atmospheric Humidity*Atmospheric Pressure*Wind

Weather Instruments:

*Temperature thermometerMinimum thermometerThermographThermometer Shelter or Screen

Atmospheric Pressure:

*BarometerMercurial barometerAneroid barometer

Surface Wind Velocity and Direction:

Wind vane (weather vane) AnemometerAerovaneSling-psychrometerhygrothermograph

*Hygrometer*Precipitation*Rain Gauge*clouds

Special Instruments to Measure Upper-

Air Data:

*Pibal/Theodolite (Pilot Balloon Theodolite)*Radiosonde*Wind-finding radar*Weather surveillance radar*Satellite imagery

Weather Satellite Data: Modern

Tool for Weather Analysis

*Polar-Obtaining Satellites*Geostationary Meteorological Satellite (GMS)

What Causes

Rainfall?

Thank you for

listening…