We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness 1 Hurricane Katrina and the DoD Response “The Department of Defense’s response to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina was the largest military deployment within the United States since the Civil War.” - Paul McHale Asst. Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness 1 Hurricane Katrina and the DoD Response “The Department of Defense’s response to the catastrophic.
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness 1
Hurricane Katrina
and the DoD Response
“The Department of Defense’s response to the catastrophic effects of Hurricane Katrina was the largest military deployment within the United States since the Civil War.”
- Paul McHale Asst. Secretary of Defense for
Homeland Defense
We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Katrina Info
• Hurricane Katrina– Landfall: 0610 CST August 29, 2005– CAT 3: with sustained winds of 125kts– Hurricane force winds extended out 120nm from center– Storm force winds 230nm from center– Accompanying storm surge in excess of 30ft– Rain fall: 8-10in
• Effected area: 93,000 sq miles along the Gulf Coast FL to LA• Damage
– 53 levees breached flooding 80% of New Orleans– $105 Billion in property damage– Displaced 770,000 people
We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Timeline
• Wednesday, 24 August (TS)– NORTHCOM issues first Warning Order to Regional Emergency Preparedness Officers,
State Emergency Preparedness Officers and Senior Army Advisors (NG)
• Friday, 26 August (CAT 2)– Governor Blanco declared LA State of Emergency
• Saturday, 27 August (CAT 3)– Governor Barbour declared MS State of Emergency– President Bush declared LA and MS State of Emergency– NORTHCOM began to deploy forward elements of what would become JTF-Katrina
• Monday, 29 August (CAT 4-CAT 3)– Katrina makes landfall (CAT 3, 125kts)– Federal declaration of emergency
• Tuesday, 30 August (TS)– JTF-Katrina activated – LT GEN Russell Honoré– Night fall levees breached and flooding ensues– DHS Declared Katrina an Incident of National Significance
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Timeline
• Wednesday, 31 August– National Guard: 10,000 LA, MS, AL, FL– Navy: 7 ships staged or en route (6,000 personnel)
– Army Corp of Engineers: 400 on site in New Orleans – Navy: USS Truman and USS Whidbey en route to Gulf Coast; USS Bataan and HSV2
Swift providing support off Gulf coastline; USS Comfort en route Navy Bureau of Medicine has contributed 85 personnel
– Air Force: Helicopters: 35; Fixed Wing: C-5 Galaxy, C-17 Globemaster III, C-141 Starlifter,C-130 Hercules, U-2 Dragon
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Timeline
• Saturday, 3 September 2005– President orders 7,000 additional troops deployed
• Monday, 5 September 2005 – National Guard: 38,000– Active Duty Forces: 13,000 – Navy: 7,000 personnel operating off 21 naval vessels– DoD, USCG and NG: 300 helicopters, 38 fixed wing
• Wednesday, 7 September 2005 – National Guard: 41,000– Active duty: 17,000 (from 82nd Airborne, 1st Cavalry, and 1 and 2 MEF) – Navy: 7,000 personnel operating off 21 naval vessels– Coast Guard: 4,000 – DoD, USCG and NG: 350 helicopters, 75 fixed wing– 300,000 National Guard soldiers and airmen available for relief and security efforts in the
United States
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Military Response to Domestic Emergencies
• Post 9/11 Pres. Bush issued HSPD-5 directing:– “The ability of the US to manage domestic incidents by establishing a single
comprehensive national incident management system”
• HSPD-5 designated Secretary of Homeland Security as the principal Federal official for domestic incidents of national significance and resulted in the establishment of NIMS and eventually the NRP
• NIMS calls for a system approach to integrate existing processes and methods into a unified national framework for incident management
• Built upon NIMS, the NRP provides Federal support to state , local and tribal authorities for specific Incidents of National Significance.– This plan is built upon the preface that local and state resources (police/fire/medical) are
generally the first responders
• The NRP allows the Federal government to provide assistance upon request from a governor when it becomes clear the state capabilities will be insufficient or have been exceeded.
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Military Response to Domestic Emergencies
• NRP recognizes that the governor is the CINC for state National Guard assets in a Title 32 status.
• NRP also recognizes the DoD has significant Title 10 forces and resources that can be called upon when directed by the President
• Two distinct chain of commands– One for federal troops– One for National Guard troops under state command
• During Katrina– 50K National Guardsmen (Title 32) under command of their respective Gov – 20K Active Duty (Title 10) under command of JTF-Katrina
• This dual chain of command resulted in a failure of unity of effort between different forces
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Factors that effected DoD Response
• Despite the massive response, many factors hampered the military’s ability to gain SA, effectively organize and execute response efforts.
– Damage Assessments: NRP states that state and local governments are responsible for conducting initial damage assessments
• Due the the catastrophic event, these assets were unavailable• DoD did provide reconnaissance imagery, but due to sensitive nature minimal was provided to state gov
– Communication: Local Communication networks destroyed or degraded• Contributing factor for lack of SA• DHS has the responsibility for coordinating communications during a natural disaster. But the DoD’s massive
communication capability had not been previously identified • Ineffective interoperability between civilian and government agencies• States overwhelmed, requests were slow, military assets underutilized
– Lack of integrated Command and Control• NORTHCOM JTF-Katrina: Active duty and reserve forces• Governors controlled National Guard assets via their respective TAGs• Many of the force flow decisions and integration efforts were ad hoc, hampering efforts
– Search and Rescue plans not coordinated
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Successes
• DoD support invaluable during SAR• Active duty personnel helped LANG and the NOPD
control crowds during the evacuation of the Superdome, maintain law and order in the streets and eventually conduct secondary searches
• DoD took over FEMA’s logistic function• DoD establishment of communications
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Outcome
• 1.2 million people evacuated prior to landfall• 80,000 evacuated post landfall• 56,000 people rescued after landfall• 250,000 emergency shelters provided• 3.9 million MREs delivered• 39 million lbs of ice• 54 million gallons of water• 900+ SAR missions• 1,995 flight hours logged
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
DoD Post Katrina Initiatives
• DoD has assigned a DCO to each of the 10 FEMA/DHS regional offices
• NORTHCOM has revised Contingency Plan 2501 for DSCA and is developing a reconnaissance annex that will enhance damage assessments
• Increased focus on effect-based planning and exercises for DoD and DHS
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
“Katrina broke the disaster response mold and forced us to think of new ways to deal with major catastrophes such as this.”
- LT. GEN. Russell L. Honoré (U.S. Army, Ret)
Commander, JTF-Katrina
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
Questions ?
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We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness
DOD PreparationsFri Tues Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri Sat Sun Mon Tues19Aug 24Aug 25Aug 26Aug 27Aug 28Aug 29Aug 30Aug 31Aug 1Sep 2Sep 3Sep 4Sep 5Sep 6Sep
Recovery
Gulf Region Hurricane Avoidance
T.D. T.S. CAT 1 CAT 2 CAT 3 CAT 5 CAT 4
Civil Support preparations, plans, and reassessments
Landfall
SECDEF direction- NORTHCOM to provide DoD support to FEMA
CJCS EXECUTE ORDER DOD Support to FEMA (preps)- Domestic Disaster Response ops as a result to severe weather in FEMA regions I-IV and VI
NORTHCOMWARNORD- BPT to provide defense support of civil authorities
NORTHCOMEXECUTE ORDER - Anticipate effects will exceed state & local emergency services
MobilePensacolaPanama CityPorts Open
Levee breach patched, dewatering begins
Gulfport / Pascagoula Ports partially opened
Ships sortie
Regions/installations make preps
Civil Support Rescue & Relief
JTF KatrinaEstablished(LTG Honore)
SeabeesUSS BATAANHSV SWIFT
JFMCC KatrinaEstablished(RDML Kilkenny)
Mag
nit
ud
e o
f E
ffort
Ships / craft / boats
Helos / Aircraft Staging Areas / APODs
Supplies (Food/Water)
Units / Personnel
EMed Teams
Survey ships / Divers
Coordination (NORTHCOM / CNO / CFFC)
Coordination (USN / USCG / USMC)
JTF-FWDdeploys
We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness15
T.S. (in Bahamas) Tuesday23AUG05
CAT 1 (in Florida)Thursday25AUG05
CAT 3 HurricaneSaturday27AUG05
CAT 2 (in Gulf)Friday26AUG05
CAT 5 HurricaneSunday28AUG05
NORTHCOMEXECUTE ORDER - Anticipate effects will exceed state & local emergency services
NAS Meridian - Designated an
Operational Staging Area (FEMA)
Gulf Coast Bases- placed in
highest state of readiness – essential personnel only
COMSECONDFLT- develops
BATAAN, ARG and HSV SWIFT Humanitarian Assistance plan
Preparations
SECDEF direction- NORTHCOM to provide DoD support to FEMA
CJCS EXECUTE ORDER DOD Support to FEMA (preps)- Domestic Disaster Response ops as a result to severe weather in FEMA regions I-IV and VI
NORTHCOMWARNING ORDER – BPT to provide defense support of civil authorities
Gulf Coast Region-making preparations for Hurricane
JS requests JFCOM provide helos to transport FEMA/State/Local personnel for damage assessment – 2 x H-60 and 3 x MH-53 onboard USS BATAAN are prepped
USNS COMFORT- Starts making
preps to get U/W from Baltimore, MD
T.D. (in Atlantic) Friday19AUG05
We Exist to Enable and Sustain Warfighter Readiness16
JTF Katrina established- LTG Honore
NAS New Orleans- Activated as home
for displaced persons and airfield.
USS BATAAN• Arrives JOA• Directed by C2F to
work w/USCG. - Rescue ops
commence (vicinity New Orleans)
- TACON of DOD air assets assigned to JTF-Katrina
HSV SWIFT- Load stores to
resupply
USS GRAPPLE- U/W from Norfolk,
VA
USS HS TRUMAN, IWO JIMA, TORTUGA, SHREVEPORT- verbal orders to deploy
USS IWO JIMA, TORTUGA SHREVEPORT- Deploy from Norfolk
Naval Air- CH- 53s -
Sandbags on levee breaches
- E-2Cs – Air traffic control over JOA
- P-3 – streaming video msn to assess damage
NMCB- Survey teams
arrive Gulfport- 200 pax deploy
from PACOM
USS BATAAN- Medical
augmentees arrive onboard (84 pax)
USNS COMFORT- Deploys from
Baltimore
Navy MCMs- U/W for survey
ops
Landfall +1Tuesday30 AUG 05
Landfall +2Wednesday31 AUG 05
Landfall +3Thursday01 SEP 05
Landfall +4Friday02 SEP 05
Landfall … and aftermathLandfallMonday29 AUG 05
JTF Katrina activated
JFMCC-Katrina est. - RDML Kilkenny arr
P-cola w/11 pers- RADM Bookert (TF
Cdr at Sea) arr P-cola w/11 pers
Naval Air - Mayport based helos and Norfolk based E-2Cs move to P-cola
Naval Security Force- 50 personnel depart
for NSA New Orleans
USS IWO JIMAUSS TORTUGAUSS SHREVEPORT- deployed from