wd« evB‡ej K‡gw›Uª - Free Bible Commentaryhyw³m¤§Z cÖwµqv eYb© v Kiv mnR| Avgv‡`i Aek¨B g~j cv‡Vi mv‡_ mymvgÄm¨c~Y ©I b¨vqm½Z n‡Z n‡e Ges Avgv‡`i e¨w³MZ

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wd« evB‡ej K‡gw›Uª

Avcwb evB‡ej eyS‡Z cvi‡eb!

wcÖq wk‡lï ¯§„wZ K_v I cÎvejxt

‡hvnb wjwLZ mymgvPvi, 1, 2 I 3 †hvnb

W. ee DU‡j, hermeneutics (evB‡ej e¨vL¨v) Gi Aemi cÖvß Aa¨vcK

welq e ‘̄

‡jL‡Ki K_vt wKfv‡e GB e¨vL¨v eB Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i?

DËg evB‡ej Aa¨q‡bi wb‡ ©̀wkKvt cÖgvY†hvM¨ m‡Zï e¨w³MZ AbymÜvb

e¨vL¨v t

‡hvn‡bi f~wgKv

‡hvnb 1 ‡hvnb 8 †hvnb 15 1 †hv&n‡bi f~wgKv

‡hvnb 2 †hvnb 9 †hvnb 16 1 †hvnb 1





‡hvnb 7 ‡hvnb 14 †hvnb 21 2 †hvnb

3 †hvnb

cwiwkó t

MÖxK e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gvi mswÿß msÁv

‡jLbx welqK mgv‡jvPbv

kã‡Kvl/cwifvlv

gZev`MZ wee„wZ

KwcivBU © 2013 Bible Lessons International. me©mË¡ msiwÿZ| GB eB‡qi †h †Kvb Ask webvg~‡j¨ Kwc ev weZiY Kiv hv‡e| GB ai‡Yi Kwc ev weZiY Aek¨B W. ee DU‡ji AbyK~‡j Ges AšÍf~©³ n‡e www.freebiblecommentary.org|

GB e¨vL¨v eB‡Z eëüZ g~L¨ evB‡ej †U·U njt New American Standard Bible (Update, 1995) Copyright ©1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995 by The Lockman Foundation, P. O. Box 2279, La Habra, CA 90632-2279

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‡jL‡Ki K_vt

wKfv‡e GB e¨vL¨v eB Avcbv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i?

evB‡e‡ji e¨vL¨v GKwU hyw³m¤§Z I AvwZ¥K cÖwµqv †hwU †Póv K‡i AbycÖvwYZ cÖvPxb †jLK‡K Ggb fv‡e eyS‡Z hvi gva¨‡g Ck¦‡ii evZ©v

Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b eyS‡Z I cÖ‡qvM Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

AvwZ¥K cÖwµqv Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wKš‘ e¨vL¨v Kiv KwVb| Gi g‡a¨ Ck¦‡ii cÖwZ mgc©b Ges †Lvjv‡gjv fve AšÍf~©³| Aek¨B ÿzav _vK‡e 1)

Zuvi Rb¨, 2) Zuv‡K Rvbvi I 3) Zuv‡K cwiPh©̈ vi| GB cÖwµqvq AšÍf~©³ cÖv_©bv, ¯x̂Kv‡ivw³ Ges Rxeb hvcb c×wZ cwieZ©‡bi B”Qv| e¨vL¨v `v‡bi

cÖwµqv‡Z AvZ¥v nj AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©, wKš‘ †Kb LuvwU, Ck¦if³ Lªxwóqv‡biv wfbœ fv‡e evB‡ej †ev‡S Zv GKwU inm¨|

hyw³m¤§Z cÖwµqv eY©bv Kiv mnR| Avgv‡ì Aek¨B g~j cv‡Vi mv‡_ mymvgÄm¨c~Y© I b¨vqm½Z n‡Z n‡e Ges Avgv‡ì e¨w³MZ ev

wW‡bvwg‡bkbvj cÿcv‡Z cÖfvweZ bv nIqv| Avgiv mK‡j HwZnvwmK fv‡e cÖwkwÿZ| Avgiv †KDB D‡Ïk¨g~jK, wbi‡cÿ e¨vL¨vKviK bB| GB

e¨vL¨v cy¯ÍK hZœmnKv‡i hyw³m¤§Z cÖwµqv `vb Ki‡Q hvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wZbwU e¨vL¨v`vbKvix bxwZi KvVv‡gv †hwU Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡e

cÿcvZ`yóZv †_‡K gy³ _vK‡Z|

cÖ_g bxwZ

cÖ_g bxwZ nj HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU jÿ¨ Kiv hLb evB‡e‡ji eBwU †jLv n‡q‡Q Ges wbw`©ó HwZnvwmK Dcjÿ¨ Gi KZ…©Z¡KvixZv

m¤ú‡K©| g~j †jL‡Ki GKwU D‡Ïk¨ wQj, GKwU evZ©v‡K †cuŠ‡Q †Ìqv| †jLbx Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †Kvb wKQzB A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i bv hw` GwU g~j,

cÖvPxb, AbycÖvwYZ †jL‡Ki Kv‡Q †Kvb A_©en bv nq| Zvi jÿ¨Ñ Avgv‡ì HwZnvwmK, A‡eMMZ, ms¯‹…wZMZ, e¨w³MZ ev wW‡bvwg‡bkbMZ cÖ‡qvRb bqÑ jÿ¨ nj g~j PvweKvwV| e¨vL¨vi GKwU ALÛ Askx`vi nj cÖ‡qvM, wKš‘ mwVK e¨vL¨v Aek¨B me mgq cÖ‡qv‡Mi AMÖeZx© _v‡K| Gi

Aek¨B cybive„wË n‡e †hb evB‡e‡ji cÖwZwU †jLbxi GKwU †Kej gvÎ GKwUB A_© _v‡K| GB A_© nj †hwU g~j evB‡e‡ji †jLK w¯’i K‡iwQ‡jb

AvwZ¥K †bZ…‡Z¡i gva¨‡g Zvi mg‡q †jvK‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q w`‡Z| GB GK A‡_©i wewfbœ ms¯‹…wZ Ges cwiw¯’wZ‡Z wfbœ wfbœ mv¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvM n‡Z

cv‡i| GB cÖ‡qv‡Mi Aek¨B g~j †jL‡Ki g~j m‡Zï m‡½ †hvMm~Î _vK‡e| GB Kvi‡Y, GB e¨vL¨v wb‡`©kK Aa¨qb cwiKwíZ n‡q‡Q evB‡e‡ji

cÖwZwU cy¯Í‡Ki GKwU f~wgKv w`‡q|

wØZxq bxwZ

wØZxq bxwZwU nj mvwnZ¨ welqK GKK wPwýZ Kiv| cÖwZwU evBe‡ji cy¯ÍK nj mgwšẐ `wjj| Abyev`‡Ki †Kvb AwaKvi †bB m‡Zï

Ab¨vb¨ w`K‡K eR©b K‡i GKwU w`K‡K wew”Qbœ K‡i †djv| †mRb¨, Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Abyev‡ì c~‡e© mgMÖ evB‡e‡ji cy Í̄K¸wj †evSvi ‡Póv Ki‡Z

n‡e Avjv`v Avjv`v fv‡e mvwn‡Zï GKK wnmv‡e| Avjv`v Avjv`v AskÑAa¨vq, c¨vivMÖvd ev c`mg~nÑA_©en n‡Z cv‡i bv hw` m¤ú~Y© GK‡Ki

†Kvb A_© bv _v‡K| Abyev` Aek¨B m¤ú~Y© wel‡qi Ae‡ivn cÖwµqv †_‡K †QvU As‡ki w`‡K Av‡ivn cÖwµqvq cwiPvwjZ n‡e| †mRb¨ GB Aa¨qb

wb‡`©kK e¨vL¨v wkÿv_x©‡ì mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cwiKwíZ Kiv n‡q‡Q †hb Zviv mvwn‡Zï cÖwZwU GK‡Ki KvVv‡gv c¨vivMÖvd Abymv‡i we‡kølY Ki‡Z

cv‡i| c¨vivMÖvd I cÖwZwU wefvM AbycÖvwYZ bq, wKš‘ †m¸wj Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i cÖwZwU GK‡Ki wPšÍvmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z|

c¨vivMÖvd Í̄‡i e¨vL¨v Ki‡ZÑevK¨, evK¨vsk, kã¸”Q ev kã Í̄i bqÑPvweKvwV nj evB‡e‡ji †jLK‡ì w ’̄wiK…Z A‡_©i Abymib|

c¨vivMÖv‡di wfwË GKwÎZ wel‡qi Dc‡i, cÖvqB G‡K ejv nq g~j theme (fve) ev welqwfwËK evK¨| cÖwZwU cv¨vivMÖv‡di kã, kã¸”Q, evK¨vsk Ges evK¨mg~n †Kvb bv †Kvb fv‡e GKwÎZ g~jfve ev w_‡gi m‡½ m¤úwK©Z| G¸wj G‡K mxgve× K‡i, G‡K cÖmvwiZ K‡i, G‡K e¨vLv K‡i

Ges/ev G‡K cÖkœwe× K‡i| mwVK e¨vL¨vi mwZ¨Kvi PvweKvwV nj cÖwZwU mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki gva¨‡g cvivMÖvd †_‡K c¨vivMÖvd wfwË K‡i g~j

†jL‡Ki wPšÍvi Abymib hv evB‡e‡ji cy¯ÍK‡K MwVZ K‡i‡Q| GB Aa¨qb wb‡`©kK e¨vL¨v cwiKwíZ Kiv n‡q‡Q AvaywbK BsivwR Abyev‡ì Zzjbv

K‡i wkÿv_x©‡ì G¸wj Ki‡Z mvnv‡hï Rb¨| GB Abyev`¸wj †e‡Q †bIqv n‡q‡Q KviY G¸wj wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` ZË¡ eënvi K‡i‡Q:

1. United Bible Society’s Greek text nj ms‡kvwaZ PZz_© ms¯‹iY (UBS4)| AvaywbK †U·U we‡klÁ Øviv GB †U·U c¨vivMÖvd Kiv n‡q‡Q|

2. New King James Version (NKJV) nj GKwU word-for-word AvÿwiK Abyev` hvi wfwË nj MÖxK cvÛzwjwc HwZn¨MZ fv‡e †hwU cwiwPZ Textus Receptus bv‡g| Ab¨ Abyev‡ì †P‡q GB Abyev‡ì c¨vivMÖvd wefvM-¸wj `xN©| GB `xN© GKK¸wj GKwÎZ welq †`L‡Z wkÿv_x©‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i|

3. New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) nj GKwU cwigvwR©Z word-for-wordÕ Abyev`| GwU cieZx© `ywU AvaywbK ms¯‹i‡Yi gvSLv‡b ga¨we› ỳ MVb K‡i‡Q| Gi c¨vivMÖvd wefvM¸wj welqe¯‘ wPwýZ Ki‡Y PgrKvi mnvqK|

4. Today's English Version (TEV) nj GKwU MwZkxj mggv‡bi Abyev` †hwU United Bible Society cÖKvk K‡i‡Q| GwU

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evB‡ej Ggb fv‡e Abyev` Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q †hb BsivwR cvVK ev fvlv-fvwl †jvK MÖxK †U·U-Gi A_© eyS‡Z cv‡i| cÖvqB,

we‡kl K‡i mymgvPv‡i, GwU c¨vivMÖvd wefvM K‡i‡Q e³v Abymv‡i wKš‘ welq Abymv‡i bq, wVK †mB GKB fv‡e †hfv‡e NIV K‡i‡Q| Abyev‡ì D‡Ï‡kï Rb¨ GwU mvnvh¨Kvix bq| GwU D‡jøL Kiv †ek gRvi †h ÔUBS4Õ Ges ÔTEVÕ Df‡q GwU cÖKvk K‡i‡Q GKB mË¡v wnmv‡e, hwÌ Zv‡ì c¨vivMÖv‡d wfbœZv i‡q‡Q|

5. Jerusalem Bible (JB) nj GKwU MwZkxj mggv‡bi Abyev` hvi wfwË nj French Catholic Abyev`| GUv LyeB mvnvh¨Kvix BD‡ivwcqvb „̀wófw½ †_‡K c¨vivMÖvd Kivi welqwU Zzjbv Ki‡Z|

6. 1995 m‡b Qvcv‡bv †U·U New American Standard Bible (NASB) AvaywbwKKiY K‡i, GwU nj word-for-wordÕ Abyev`| verse by verse wUKv GB c¨vivMÖvd‡K Abymib K‡i|

Z…Zxq bxwZ

Z…Zxq bxwZwU nj evB‡e‡ji wewfbœ Abyev` cvV Kiv GB D‡Ï‡k¨ †h mv¤¢ve¨ e¨vcK A_© (fvlvMZ A‡_©) Abyaveb Kiv hv evB‡e‡ji kã

ev kã¸‡”Qi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| cÖvqB MÖxK kã¸”Q ev kã wewfbœ fv‡e †evSv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB wfbœ wfbœ Abyev`¸wj GB my‡hvM¸wj G‡b †`q Ges

MÖxK cvÛzwjwci cv_©K¨ wPwýZ I e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| GwU gZev`‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i bv, wKš‘ G¸wj Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z †P÷v K‡i

cÖvPxb AbycÖvwYZ †jLK‡ì g~j †jLbxi Kv‡Q †cŠQv‡Z|

GB e¨vL¨v cy¯ÍK wkÿv_x©‡ì ª̀æZZvi mv‡_ Zvi Abyev` cixÿv Kivi Dcvq w`‡”Q| Gi gv‡b GB bq †h Zv n‡e h_vh_, wKš‘ n‡e Z_¨c~Y©

Ges wPšÍv-D‡ ª̀KKvix| cÖvqB, Ab¨ mv¤¢ve¨ Abyev` Avgv‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡i msKxY©gbv, ‡Mvovgxc~Y© Ges wW‡bvwg‡bkbvj bv n‡Z| GKRb Abyev`‡Ki

e¨vcK Abyev` †hvM¨Zvi my‡hvM _vKv cÖ‡qvRb †hb cÖvPxb †jLbx KZUv Øv_©e¨ÄK n‡Z cv‡i Zv eyS‡Z cv‡ib| GUv Lye ỳ:tLRbK †h Lªxwóqvb‡ì

g‡a¨ Lye mvgvb¨ HK¨ i‡q‡Q hviv `vwe K‡i evB‡ej Zv‡ì m‡Zï Drm wnmv‡e|

GB bxwZ¸wj Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q cÖvPxb †jLbx wb‡q msMÖv‡g eva¨ K‡i Avgvi †ewki fvM HwZnvwmK wØavØ›Ø‡K Gwo‡q †h‡Z| Avgvi

Avkv †h GwU Avcbvi RbÏ GKB iKg Avkxe©v‡ì n‡e|

ee DU‡j

27 Ryb, 1996

KwcivBU © 2013 Bible Lessons International

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উËg evB‡ej Aa¨q‡bi wb‡`©kbvt

cÖwZwôZ m‡Zï Rb¨ e¨w³MZ AbymÜvb

W. ee DU‡j Zvi K‡gw›Uª‡Z eëüZ kv ¿̄ e¨vL¨vi weÁvb wfwËK `k©b Ges cÖwµqvq mswÿß e¨vL¨vq wK AbymiY K‡i‡Qb

Avgiv wK mZ¨ Rvb‡Z cvwi? †Kv_vq GwU cv‡ev? Avgiv wK G‡K hyw³MZ fv‡e cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvwi? m‡e©v”P KZ…©Z¡Kvix e‡j wK †KD

Av‡Qb? Ggb P~ovšÍ wKQz Av‡Q hv Avgv‡ì Rxeb‡K, Avgv‡ì c„w_ex‡K cwiPvjbv w`‡Z cv‡i? Rxe‡bi wK †Kvb A_© Av‡Q? Avgiv †Kb c„w_ex‡Z?

Avgiv †Kv_vq hvw”Q? GB cÖkœ̧ wjÑhv mKj hyw³m¤§Z †jv‡Kiv Mfxi fv‡e wPšÍviÑgvbweK †gav‡K mg‡qi ïiæ †_‡KB weeªZ Ki‡Q (Dc‡`kK

1:13-18; 3:9-11)| Avgvi Rxe‡bi ALÛ welq wb‡q Avgvi e¨w³MZ AbymÜvb‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi| Avwg Lye Aí eqm †_‡KB GKRb Lªxó

wek¦vmx, hvi wfwË wQj cÖv_wgK fv‡e cwiev‡ii Ab¨vb¨‡ì Zvrch©c~Y© mvÿ¨| Avwg hLb eq:cÖvß njvg, m‡½ m‡½ Avgvi wb‡Ri wel‡q Ges Avgvi

RMr m¤ú‡K© cÖkœI evo‡Z jvM‡jv| mvaviY mvs¯‹…wZK I agx©q K_vgvjv †Kvb A_© enb Ki‡Zv bv †mB me AwfÁZvi hv Avwg cvV K‡iwQ ev hvi

m¤§yLvm¤§ywL n‡qwQ| GUv wQj A¯̂w¯ÍKi, K‡Vvi RMZ †h RM‡Z Avwg evm Kwi Zvi mvg‡b GKUv wØavØ‡›Øi, A‡š̂l‡Yi, AvKvsL¨vi Ges cÖvqB

nZvkvi AbyfzwZi mgq|

A‡b‡K `vex K‡i †h Zv‡ì Kv‡Q GB me P~ovšÍ cÖ‡kœi DËi i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ M‡elYv I wPšÍvi c‡i Avwg †c‡qwQ †h Zv‡ì DËi¸wji wfwË

wQj: (1) e¨w³MZ `k©b, (2) cÖvPxb †jvK-Kvwnbx, (3) e¨w³MZ AwfÁZv A_ev (4) gvbwmK Awfe¨w³| Avgvi ìKvi wQj wKQz wbðqZv, wKQz

cÖgvY, wKQz hyw³ m¤§Z wePvi hvi Dc‡i Avgvi wek¦-`k©b, Avgvi ALÛZvi †K› ª̀, Avgvi †eu‡P _vKvi hyw³ wbf©ikxj|

Avwg G¸wj Avgvi evB‡ej Aa¨q‡b †c‡qwQ| Avwg Gi wek¦mv‡hvM¨Zvi cÖgv‡Yi wel‡q AbymÜvb ïiæ Kwi, hv Avwg †c‡qwQ (1) evB‡e‡ji

HwZnvwmK ev Í̄eZv †hwU wbwðZ K‡i‡Qb cÖZœZË¡we‡ìv, (2) cyivZb wbq‡gi fveevYxi wbfz©jZv, (3) evB‡ej †jLbxi m¤ú~Y© 16 kZ eQ‡i Gi

evZ©vi HK¨, Ges (4) ‡mB me †jvK‡ì e¨w³MZ mvÿ¨, hv‡ì Rxeb evB‡e‡ji ms¯ú‡k© G‡m ’̄vqxfv‡e cwiewZ©Z n‡q †M‡Q| Lªxóag©, wbf©iZv I

wek¦v‡mi GKxf~Z c×wZ wnmv‡e, gvby‡li Rxe‡bi GB me RwUj cÖkœ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z mg_©| G¸wj †KejgvÎ hyw³m½Z KvVv‡gv †hvMvq bv,

wKš‘ evB‡ej wbf©iZvi AwfÁZv-wfwËK w`Kmg~n Avgv‡K Av‡eMMZ w`K w`‡q Avb›` I „̀p cÖZ¨q G‡b †`q|

Avwg †f‡ewQ †h Avgvi Rxe‡bi Rb¨ ALÛ †K› ª̀ÑLªxó‡K †c‡q †MwQ, kv‡ ¿̄i gva‡g †hfv‡e eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ| GwU wQj GKwU wkniY RvMvb AwfÁZv, GK Av‡eMgq cÖkvwšÍ| hv‡nvK, Avwg GLbI ¯§iY Ki‡Z cvwi †mB AvNvZ I hš¿Yv hLb GwU Avgvi Kv‡Q cÖKvwkZ n‡Z _v‡K †h

GB eBwUi KZ¸wj wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` hv †jv‡Ki Øviv mgw_©Z, KLbI KLbI GKB gÛjx‡Z Ges wPšÍvkxj cwÛZ‡ì Kv‡Q| evB‡e‡ji

wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv I Aby‡cÖiYv Aby‡gv`‡bi †kl wQj bv, wKš‘ †KejgvÎ Avi¤¢ wQj| wKfv‡e Avwg kv‡ ¿̄i A‡bK KwVb As‡ki ci¯úi we‡ivwa I

cv_©K¨ wewkó Abyev`‡K hviv `vex Ki‡Q †h Zv KZ…©Z¡Kvix I wbf©‡i‡hvM¨ †m¸wj cÖgvY Ki‡ev ev evwZj Ki‡ev? GB KvRwU n‡q co‡jv Avgvi

Rxe‡bi jÿ¨ Ges wek¦v‡mi Zx_©hvÎv| Avwg RvbZvg †h Lªx‡ó Avgvi wek¦vm Avgvi Rxe‡b gnv kvwšÍ I Avb›` G‡b‡Q| Avgvi ms¯‹…wZi m¤ú‡K©i

gvSLv‡b Avgvi gb AvKvsLxZ wQj †Kvb P~ovšÍ wKQzi Ges agx©q c×wZi †Mvuovgxc~Y© Ø›Ø I wW‡bvwg‡bkbMZ J×Z¨| cÖvPxb mvwn‡Zï Abyev‡ì

wel‡q Avgvi êa cÖwµqvi A‡Y¦l‡b, Avwg wew®§Z n‡qwQjvg Avgvi wb‡Ri HwZnvwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK, wW‡bvwg‡bkbvj I AwfÁvZvi cÿcvZ

Avwe¯‹v‡i| Avwg gv‡S gv‡SB evB‡ej cvV Kwi †KejgvÎ Avgvi wb‡Ri „̀wófw½ cybivq kw³kvjx Kivi Rb¨| Avwg GwU eënvi Kwi †Mvovwgi

Drm wnmv‡e Ab¨‡ì AvµgY Ki‡Z hLb cybtwbwðZ Avgvi wb‡Ri wbivcËvnxbZv Ges AcÖZzjZvi| GB ev Í̄eZv Dcjwä Avgvi Kv‡Q KZUv

hš¿Yv`vqK wQj!

hwÌ Avwg KL‡bvB m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c D‡Ïk¨g~jK n‡Z cvwiwb, Avwg GKRb fvj evB‡ej cvVK n‡Z ‡c‡iwQ| Avwg Avgvi g~j cÿcvZ‡K

mxgve× Ki‡Z cvwi †m¸wj‡K wPwýZ K‡i Ges Zv‡ì Dcw ’̄wZ ¯x̂Kvi K‡i| hwÌ Avwg ‡mme †_‡K gy³ n‡Z cvwiwb, wKš‘ Avwg Avgvi wb‡Ri

`ye©jZvi m¤§yLvm¤§~Lx n‡qwQ| Abyev`K cÖvqB fvj evB‡ej cv‡Vi me‡P‡q Lvivc kÎæ! evB‡ej Aa¨q‡b Avwg Avgvi c~e© aviYv¸wj ZvwjKv KiwQ

†hb Avcwb, cvVK wnmv‡e, Avgvi mv‡_ †m¸wj cixÿv Ki‡Z cv‡ib:

I. c~e© aviYvmg~n

1. Avwg wek¦vm Kwi evB‡ej nj GKgvÎ mZ¨ Ck¦‡ii AbycÖvwYZ AvZ¥-cÖKvk| †mRb¨, GwU Aek¨B Abyev` Ki‡Z n‡e wbw`©ó HwZnvwmK Ae¯’v‡b Hk¦ixK AbycÖvwYZ g~j †jL‡Ki gvbweK †jLK‡ì gva¨‡g cÖKvwkZ D‡Ïkï Av‡jv‡Z|

2. Avwg wek¦vm Kwi †h evB‡ej mvaviY gvby‡liv wj‡L‡QbÑ mKj gvby‡li Rb¨! Ck¦i wb‡R‡K ¯úófv‡e Avgv‡ì mv‡_ K_v ejvi ch©v‡q G‡b‡Qb HwZnvwmK Ges mvs¯‹…wZ‡Z †cÖÿvc‡U| Ck¦i mZ¨ †Mvcb K‡ib bvÑwZwb †P‡q‡Qb Avgiv †hb eywS! †mRb¨, GwU

Abyev` n‡Z n‡e †mB mg‡qi Av‡jv‡K wKš‘ Avgv‡ì mg‡qi Av‡jv‡K bq| evB‡ej Ggb bq †h AvR‡K Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †h A_©

cÖKvk Ki‡Q Zv Zv‡ì Kv‡Q KL‡bB cÖKvk K‡iwb cÖ_g hviv Gi K_v ï‡b‡Q ev cvV K‡i‡Q| GUv MocoZv mKj gvbweK g‡bi

†evaMg¨ Ges eënvi †hvM¨ mv&aviY gvbweK †hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj I cÖwµqv‡Z|

3. Avwg wek¦vm Kwi evB‡e‡j i‡q‡Q ALÛ evZ©v I D‡Ïk¨| GUv KL‡bv wb‡R‡K wb‡Ri mv‡_ we‡iva K‡i bv, hwÌ G‡Z KwVb I AmvgÄm¨c~Y© c¨v‡mR Av‡Q| ZvB evB‡ej wb‡RB nj evB‡e‡ji me‡P‡q fvj Abyev`K|

5

4. Avwg wek¦vm Kwi cÖwZwU c¨v‡m‡Ri (fveevYx Qvov) GKwU †KejgvÎ GKwUB A_© i‡q‡Q hvi wfwË g~j AbycÖvwYZ †jLK‡ì jÿ¨| hwÌ Avgiv Rvwb Avgiv KL‡bvB m¤ú~Y© wbwðZ n‡Z cvwi bv g~j †jL‡Ki jÿ¨ m¤ú‡K©, Z‡e Gi w`‡K A‡bK wb‡ ©̀kK jÿ¨

Kivq:

K. genre (mvwn‡Zï ixwZ) †e‡Q †bIqv n‡q‡Q evZ©v cÖKv‡ki Rb¨ L. HwZnvwmK cwiw ’̄wZ Ges/A_ev wbw`©ó Dcjÿ¨ hv Gi †jLbxi Rb¨ `vqx M. mgMÖ cy¯Í‡Ki mvwnZ¨ welqK †cÖÿvcU †mB m‡½ cÖwZwU mvwn‡Zï GKK N. mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki †jLbxi cwiKíbv (iƒc‡iLv) †hfv‡e †m¸wj mgMÖ evZ©vi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ O. wbw`©ó e¨vKiYMZ MVb‰kjx evZ©vwU †hvM‡hv‡M Kvh©iZ| P. evZ©vwU Dc ’̄vc‡b kã Pqb|

D‡jøwLZ welq¸wji cÖwZwU †ÿ‡Îi Aa¨qb nj Avgv‡ì c¨v‡mR Aa¨q‡bi D‡Ïk¨| fvj evB‡ej cv‡V Avgvi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v Kivi Av‡M

Avgv‡K wKQz Abychy³ c×wZ e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z w`b †h¸wj AvR‡K eëüZ n‡”Q hvi Kvi‡Y Abyev‡ì A‡bK we‡f` m„wó n‡”Q, hv Aek¨B cwinvi Kiv

n‡q‡Q:

II. Abychy³ c×wZ

1. evB‡e‡ji cy Í̄K¸wji mvwn‡Zï †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Kiv Ges cÖwZwU evK¨, evK¨vsk A_ev cÖwZwU ¯Ẑš¿ kãmg~n‡K m‡Zï cÖKv&k wnmv‡e †bIqv hvi m‡½ †jL‡Ki D‡Ï‡kï ev e„nr †cÖÿvc‡Ui †Kvb m¤úK© †bB| G‡K cÖvqB ejv nq “proof-texting.”

2. cy¯ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK ‡cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv K‡i Abygvb wbf©i HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU wbY©q hv †jLbxi m‡½ mvgvb¨ ev †Kvb fv‡eB mg_©b K‡i bv|

3. cy¯ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Ges G‡K mKv‡ji ’̄vbxq msev`cÎ †hwU †jLv nq cÖv_wgK fv‡e AvaywbK ¯Ẑš¿ Lªxwóqv‡ì Rb¨ †mfv‡e cvV Kiv|

4. †jLbx‡K `vk©wbK/ag©ZvwË¡K evZ©v wnmv‡e iƒcKvZ¥K ev cÖwZwK wnmv‡e †bIqvi Øviv cy¯ÍK¸wji HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU Ae‡njv Kiv m¤ú~Y© fv‡e cÖ_g †kÖvZv‡ì Ges g~j †jLK‡ì D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ bq|

5. wb‡R‡ì ag©ZvwË¡K c×wZ, cQ›`mB gZev` ev mgKvjxb welqmg~n BZ¨vw` weKí Øviv g~j evZ©v‡K Ae‡njv Kiv g~j †jLK‡ì D‡Ïk¨ Ges cÖKvwkZ evZ©vi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ bq| cÖvqB GB NUbv Abymib K‡i evB‡e‡ji cÖv_wgK cv‡V cÖwZwôZ e³vi KZ…©Z¡

cÖwZôvi GKwU Dcvq wnmv‡e| G‡K cÖvqB D‡jøL Kiv nq ÔcvVK‡ì mvov cÖ̀ vbÕ (ÔAvgvi Kv‡Q cv‡Vi A_© wKÕ Abyev`) e‡j|

mg¯Í wjwLZ gvbweK †hvMv‡hv‡M AšÍZc‡ÿ wZbwU m¤úK©hy³ Dcv`vb cvIqv †h‡Z cv‡i:

g~j

†jL‡Ki

D‡Ïk¨

wjwLZ

cvV

g~j

MÖwnZv

AwZ‡Z, GB wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi ‡h †Kvb GKwU‡Z wfbœ wfbœ cvV †KŠk‡j `„wó †Ìqv n‡Zv, wKš‘ evB‡e‡ji mwZ¨Kvi PgrKvi Aby‡cÖiYvi wbf©iZvi

me‡P‡q Dchy³ nj GKwU cwiewZ©Z WvqMÖvgt

cweÎ

AvZ¥v

cvÛzwjwci

cv_©K¨

ciewZ©Kv‡ji

wek¦vmxiv

g~j †jL‡Ki

D‡Ïk¨

wjwLZ

cvV

g~j

MÖwnZv

m‡Z¨ wZbwU Dcv`vbB Aek¨B AšÍf~©³ n‡e e¨vL¨v`vbKvix cÖwµqv‡Z| h_v_©Zv wbY©‡qi D‡Ï‡k¨, Avgvi Abyev‡ì „̀wó wbe× nq cÖ_g `ywU

Dcv`v‡b: g~j †jLK Ges cvV| Avwg m¤¢eZ †h me Ae‡njv jÿ¨ K‡iwQ Zv‡Z cÖwZwµqv cÖKvk K‡iwQ (1) iƒcKvZ¥K ev AvwZ¥wKKiY cvV Ges

(2) ÒcvV‡Ki mvov cÖ̀ vbÓ Abyev` (Avgvi Kv‡Q Gi A_© wK)| Ae‡njv cÖwZwU av‡cB NU‡Z cv‡i| Avgv‡ì‡K me mgq Avgv‡ì D‡Ïk¨,

cÿcvwZË¡, †KŠkj Ges cÖ‡qvM cixÿv Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ wKfv‡e Avgiv Zv cixÿv Ki‡ev hw` Abyev‡ì †Kvb mxgvbv, mxgv‡iLv, †Kvb bxwZ bv

_v‡K? GLv‡bB †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Ges †jLbxi KvVv‡gv Avgv‡K wKQz bxwZ hywM‡q †`q mv¤¢ve¨ êa Abyev‡ì my‡hvM mxgve× Kivi Rb¨|

GB Abychy³ cvV †KŠk‡ji Av‡jv‡Z, DËg evB‡ej Aa¨qb I e¨vL¨vi wKQz mv¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvM wK hv GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvb wbf©iZv I mvgÄm¨Zv †`‡e?

6

III. DËg evB‡ej Aa¨q‡b mv¤¢ve¨ cÖwµqv

GB c‡q‡›U Avwg Av‡jvPbv KiwQ bv wbw`©ó †jLbx Abyev‡ì Ac~e© †KŠkj wKš‘ mvaviY evB‡ej e¨vL¨vi bxwZmg~n hv mKj cÖKvi evB‡e‡ji

†U·‡Ui Rb¨ êa| †jLbx †KŠk‡ji wbw`©ó cÖwµqvi GKwU fvj eB nj How To Read The Bible For All Its Worth, by Gordon Fee and Douglas Stuart, published by Zondervan.

Avgvi c×wZ jÿ¨ iv‡L cÖv_wgK fv‡e cvVK‡ì Dc‡i hv‡ì cweÎ AvZ¥v evB‡e‡ji Øviv Av‡jvwKZ K‡i‡Q PviwU e¨w³MZ cvV P‡µi gva¨‡g|

GwU AvZ¥v, †jLbx Ges cvVK‡K gyL¨ K‡i, †MŠb K‡i bv| GwU AviI cvVK‡K iÿv K‡i e¨vL¨vKviK‡ì AwZwi³ cÖfve †_‡K| Avwg GUv ej‡Z

ï‡bwQ: Òe¨vL¨vi Dc‡i evB‡ej A‡bK Av‡jvK cÖ‡ÿc K‡i‡Q|Ó Gi gv‡b GB bq †h Aa¨qb DcKi‡Yi cÖwZ nxb gšÍe¨ Kiv, wKš‘ †m¸wji mwVK

eënv‡i Dchy³ mg‡qi Av‡e`b Kiv|

†jLbxB Avgv‡ì Abyev`‡K mgw_©Z Ki‡e Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Ggb mÿgZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡e| cuvPwU †ÿÎ AšÍZc‡ÿ GB& mxgve× cv_©K¨ †`Lvq:

1. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb 2. mvwnZ¨MZ †cÖÿvcU 3. e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv(syntax) 4. mgKvjxb kã eënvi 5. mym½Z mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR 6. mvwnZ¨ ixwZ

Avgv‡ì Abyev‡ì †cQ‡b KviY Ges hyw³ †`Lv‡bvi mÿgZv _vKvi cÖ‡qvRb| evB‡ej nj Avgv‡ì GKgvÎ wek¦vm I Abykxj‡bi Drm|

`y:LRbK fv‡e ej‡Z nq, Lªxwóqv‡biv cÖvqB Gi wkÿv ev GwU hv Aby‡gv`b K‡i Zv‡Z GKgZ bq| PviwU cvV Pµ cwiKwíZ Kiv n‡q‡Q

cieZx© e¨vLv`vbKvix AšÍ©̀ „wó‡Z:

1. cÖ_g cvV Pµ K. GKev‡iB eBwU c‡o †kl Kiv| Zvici wfbœ Abyev‡` GwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, AvkvcÖ̀ fv‡e wfbœ Abyev` ZË¡ †_‡K

(1) word-for-word (NKJV, NASB, NRSV) (2) MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© (TEV, JB) (3) fvev_© cÖKvk (Living Bible, Amplified Bible)

L. mgMÖ †jLbxi †Kw› ª̀q D‡Ïkï w`‡K jÿ¨ ivLv| Gi g~j fve wPwýZ Kiv| M. mvwnZ¨ GKK, Aa¨vq, c¨vivMÖvd ev evK¨ wew”Qbœ (hw` m¤¢e nq) Kiæb †hwU ¯úófv‡e Gi †K› ª̀xq D‡Ïk¨ ev g~j fve

cÖKvk Ki‡Q|

N. cÖavb mvwnZ¨ ixwZ wPwýZ Kiæb 1. cyivZb wbqg

K) wneªæ eY©bv L) wneªæ KweZv (cÖÁv mvwnZ¨, MxZmswnZv) M) wneªæ fveevYx (M`¨, KweZv) N) eë ’̄vi kã †KŠkj (‡KvW)

2. b~Zb wbqg K) eY©bvg~jK (mymgvPvi, †cÖwiZ cy¯ÍK) L) `„óvšÍmg~n (mymgvPvi) M) wPwV/‡cÖwiZ cÎmg~n N) inm¨ cÖKvkg~jK mvwnZ¨

2. wØZxq cvV Pµ K. mg¯Í eBwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, eo eo g~j welq ev welqe ‘̄ wPwýZ Kiæ‡Z A‡šl̂Y Kiæb| L. eo eo g~j welq iƒc‡iLv Kiæb Ges mnR fv‡e Zv‡ì welqe ‘̄ ms‡ÿ‡c eY©bv Kiæb| M. Avcbvi D‡Ïkï wee„wZ cjxÿv Kiæb Ges Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ iƒc‡iLvwU eo Kiæb|

3. Z…Zxq cvV Pµ K. mgMÖ eBwU Avevi cvV Kiæb, evB‡e‡ji cy¯ÍK †_‡K HwnZvwmK †cÖÿvcU I †jLvi wbw`©ó Dcjÿ¨ Lyu‡R †ei K‡i wPwýZ

7

Kiæb|

L. evB‡e‡ji cy¯Í‡K †h me HwZnvwmK welq D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q Zvi ZvwjKv Kiæb (1) †jLK (2) ZvwiL (3) MÖnxZv (4) †jLvi wcQ‡b wbw`©ó KviY (5) ms¯‹…wZMZ †cÖÿvc‡Ui w`K mg~n hv †jLvi D‡Ïkï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ (6) HwZnvwmK †jvK Ges NUbvi D‡jøL

M. †h evB‡e‡ji cy¯Í‡Ki Avcwb Abyev` Ki‡Qb Zvi c¨vivM¨vd Í̄i ch©šÍ Avcbvi iƒc‡iLv‡K cÖmvwiZ Kiæb| me mgqB mvwn‡Zï GKK wPwýZ Kiæb Ges iƒc‡iLv ˆZix Kiæb| GUv n‡Z cv‡i K‡qKwU Aa¨vq ev c¨vivMÖvd| GwU Avcbv‡K

mÿg Ki‡e g~j †jL‡Ki hyw³ Ges †jLbxi cwiKíbv AbymiY Ki‡Z|

N. Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mvnv‡h¨ Avcbvi HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU cixÿv Kiæb|

4. PZz_© cvV Pµ K. wbw`©ó mvwnZ¨ GKK K‡qKwU wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` †_‡K cvV Kiæb|

(1) word-for-word (NKJV, NASB, NRSV)| (2) MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© (TEV, JB) (3) fvev_© cÖKvk(Living Bible, Amplified Bible)

L. mvwnZ¨MZ ev e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv †`Lyb (1) evievi D‡jøwLZ kã¸”Q, Bwdlxq 1:6, 12, 13 (2) evi evi D‡jøwLZ e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv, †ivgxq 8:31 (3) wecixZ aviYv mg~n

M. cieZx© welq¸wj ZvwjKv& Kiæb (1) Zvrch©c~Y© Uvg© (2) A¯v̂fvweK Uvg© (3) ¸iæZ¡c~Y© e¨vKiYMZ KvVv‡gv (4) wbw`©ó KwVb kãmg~n, evK¨vsk Ges evK¨mg~n

N. mgZvc~Y© mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR †`Lyb (1) Avcbvi eëüZ wel‡qi ¯úó wkÿvi c¨v‡mR †`Lyb K) ÒavivevwnK ag©ZË¡Ó cy¯ÍK L) wb‡ ©̀kK cy¯ÍK ev †idv‡iÝ

evB‡ej 3) k‡ãi AÿiMZ m~Px eënvi K‡i

(2) Avcbvi wel‡qi g‡a¨ mv¤¢ve¨ Am½Z g‡b n‡jI m½Z †Rvov evK¨| A‡bK evB‡e‡ji mZ¨ Dc¯’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q

hyw³MZ Av‡jvPbvi †Rvovq; A‡bK wW‡bvwg‡bkbMZ Ø›Ø G‡m‡Q evB‡e‡ji Ø‡›Øi Aa© cÖgvwYZ †jLbx ev proof-texting †_‡K| mgMÖ evB‡ej AbycÖvwYZ, Ges Avgv‡ì Aek¨B Gi m¤ú~Y© evZ©v Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e Avgv‡ì Abyev‡` kvw ¿̄q

mvgÄm¨Zv †hvMv‡bvi ¯̂v‡_©©|

(3) GKB cy¯ÍK, GKB †jLK ev GKB ‡jLbx †KŠk‡ji mgvšÍivj welq¸wj †`Lyb; evB‡ejB nj Gi me‡P‡q fvj

Abyev`K KviY G‡Z i‡q‡Q GKRb †jLK, AvZ¥v|

O. HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU I Dcjÿ¨ wel‡q Avcbvi ch©‡eÿY Aa¨qb DcKi‡bi mnvqZvq cixÿv Kiæb| (1) ÷vwW evB‡ej (2) evB‡ej wek¦‡Kvl, n¨vÛeyK I wW·bvix| (3) evBe‡ji f~wgKv (4) evB‡ej e¨vL¨vmg~n (Avcbvi Aa¨q‡bi GB c‡q‡›U, wek¦vmx m¤úª̀ vq‡K my‡hvM w`b, AZxZ Ges eZ©gvb, Avcbvi

e¨w³MZ Aa¨q‡b mnvqZv I ms‡kvab Ki‡Z|)

IV. evB‡ej e¨vL¨vi cÖ‡qvM

GB c‡q‡›U Avgiv cÖ‡qv‡Mi w`‡K hve| Avcwb mgq wb‡q‡Qb †jLbxi g~j †cÖÿvcU Dcjwä‡Z; GLb GwU Avcbvi Rxe‡b, Avcbvi ms¯‹…wZ‡Z

Aek¨B cÖ‡qvM Ki‡eb| Avwg evB‡ej KZ…©Z¡‡K Gfv‡e e¨vL¨v Kwi Òg~j evB‡ej †jLK Zvi mg‡q wK e‡j‡Qb Ges †mB mZ¨‡K AvR‡K Avgv‡ì

mg‡q cÖ‡qvM KivUv †evSv|Ó

cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B Dfq mgq Ges hyw³‡Z gyj †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ e¨vL¨v Abymib Ki‡e| Avgiv ZZÿY ch©šÍ evB‡e‡ji c¨v‡mR Avgv‡ì mg‡q cÖ‡qvM

8

Ki‡Z cvwi bv hZÿY ch©šÍ Avgiv evB‡e‡ji mg‡q GwU wK e‡j‡Q Zv bv eyS‡Z cvwi! GB evB‡ej c¨v‡mR Aek¨B GB A_© cÖKvk Ki‡e bv hv

GwU KL‡bvB A_© K‡iwb!

Avcbvi wek` iƒc‡iLv, c¨vivMÖvd ¯Í‡i (cvV Pµ#3) Avcbvi wb‡`©kK n‡e| cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B c¨vivMÖvd ¯Í‡i wbwY©Z n‡e, kã Í̄‡i bq! k‡ãi †Kej

†jLbxi cÖm‡½ A_© _v‡K; evK¨vs‡kiI †Kej Gi cÖm‡½ A_© _v‡K; ev‡KïI Gi cÖm‡½ †Kej A_© _v‡K| †Kej AbycÖvwYZ e¨w³ g~j †jL‡Ki

e¨vL¨v cÖwµqvq RwoZ _v‡K| Avgiv †Kej gvÎ Zvi c_ AbymiY Kwi cweÎ AvZ¥vi Av‡jv‡K| wKš‘ Av‡jvwKZKiY Aby‡cÖiYv bq| ejv nq, ÔGB

m`vcÖfzi evK¨Õ, Avgv‡ì Aek¨B g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ ‡g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e| cÖ‡qvM Aek¨B wbw`©ó fv‡e m¤úK©hy³ n‡e mgMÖ †jLbxi mvaviY D‡Ï‡k¨,

wbw`©ó mvwnZ¨ GKK Ges c¨vivMÖvd ¯Í‡ii wPšÍvi Dbœq‡bi mv‡_|

Avgv‡ì mg‡qi welq‡K evB‡e‡ji Abyev‡` hy³ Ki‡eb bv; evB‡ej‡K K_v ej‡Z w`b! G‡Z Aek¨B Avgv‡ì Avek¨K n‡e †jLbx †_‡K bxwZ

†ei Kiv| GwU êa hw` †jLbx bxwZ‡K mg_©b K‡i| ỳf©vM¨RbK fv‡e, A‡bK mgq Avgv‡ì bxwZmg~n GiKg nqÑÒAvgv‡ìÓ bxwZÑ wKš‘

†jLbxi bxwZ bq|

evB‡ej cÖ‡qv‡M, GUv g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h (fveevYxi †ÿÎ Qvov) GKwU wbw`©ó evB‡ej †jLbxi GKwU †KejgvÎ GKwUB A_© êa| GB A_© gyj

†jL‡Ki D‡Ï‡kï m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ †hfv‡e †m Zvi mg‡qi †Kvb mgm¨v ev cÖ‡qvRb wel‡q e‡j‡Q| GB GKwU A_© †_‡K A‡bK mv¤¢ve¨ cÖ‡qvM †ei

Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ‡qv‡Mi wfwË n‡e MÖnxZvi cÖ‡qvRb wKš‘ Aek¨B g~j †jL‡Ki A‡_©i m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ _vK‡e|

V. Abyev‡` AvwZ¥K w`Kmg~n

hZUv m¤¢e Avwg Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ Abyev` I cÖ‡qv‡M RwoZ hyw³MZ I †jLbxMZ †KŠkj m¤̂‡Ü| GLb Avwg ms‡ÿ‡c Abyev‡ì AvwZ¥K w`Kmg~n

wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev| cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ cixÿvi ZvwjKv Avgvi Rb¨ mnvqK n‡q‡Q:

1. AvZ¥vi mvnv‡hï Rb¨ cÖv_©bv (1 Kwi 1:26-2:16)| 2. e¨w³MZ fv‡e Rvbv cvc mg~‡ni Rb¨ ÿgv I ïwPZvi Rb¨ cÖv_©bv (1 †hvnb 1:9)| 3. Ck¦i‡K AviI fvjfv‡e Rvbvi AvKvsL¨vq cÖv_©bv (MxZ 19:7-14; 42:1 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 119:1 c` †_‡K K‡qKwU c`)| 4. †h †Kvb b~Zb AšÍ©̀ „wó ZrÿYvr wb‡Ri Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM| 5. AweiZ b¤ª I wkL‡Z AvMÖnx _vKv|

hyw³MZ cÖwµqv Ges cweÎ AvZ¥vi AvwZ¥K †bZ…‡Z¡i g‡a¨ mgZv iÿv Kiv Lye KwVb KvR| cieZx© D×…wZ Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q ỳwUi g‡a¨ mgZv

ivL‡Z:

1. James W. Sire, Scripture Twisting, pp. 17-18 †_‡K: ÒCk¦‡ii †jvK‡ì g‡b Ck¦‡ii KvQ †_‡K Av‡jv Av‡mÑ‡KejgvÎ AvwZ¥K DËgZvi Rb¨ bq| evB‡ej wfwËK Lªxóa‡g©i

†Kvb AvwZ¥K ¸iæi (guru) K¬vk bq, †Kvb Av‡jvwKZKiY bq, †Kvb †jvK bq hv‡ì gva¨‡g mwVK Abyev` Aek¨B Avm‡e| Ges GiKgB, hLb cweÎ AvZ¥v cÖÁv, Ávb Ges AvwZ¥K wePÿYZvi we‡kl `vb †`b, wZwb KL‡bvB `vb cÖvß Lªxwóqvb‡ì

Zuvi ev‡Kï KZ…©Z¡Kvix Abyev`K wnmv‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib bv| GwU Zuvi cÖwZwU †jv‡Ki Rb¨ Zviv wkL‡e, wePvi Ki‡e Ges

g‡bv‡hvM †`‡e evB‡e‡ji D‡jøL Øviv †hwU KZ…©Z¡ wb‡q `vuovb Zv‡ìI Kv‡Q hv‡ì Ck¦i we‡kl `ÿZv w`‡q‡Qb| mKj

wKQzi mvivs‡k, evB‡e‡ji mgMÖ cy¯Í‡Ki wel‡q Avgvi Abygvb nj †m mKj gvby‡li Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii mwZ¨Kvi cÖKvk, Avi mKj

welq m¤ú‡K© GwU hv e‡j Zvnj Avgv‡ì P~ovšÍ KZ…©Z¡, GUv †Kvb fv‡eB m¤ú~Y© inm¨gq bq wKš‘ cÖwZwU ms¯‹…wZi mvaviY

†jv‡Ki Øviv Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †evaMg¨ n‡Z cv‡i|Ó

2. ÔKierkegaardÕ, Bernard Ramm, cÖwZwôZ Protestant Biblical Interpretation, p. 75: ÔKierkegaardÕ Abymv‡i evB‡e‡ji e¨vKiYMZ, kãMZ I HwnZvwmK Aa¨qb cÖ‡qvRb wQj wKš‘ cÖv_wgKfv‡e wQj evB‡e‡ji mwZ¨Kvi cv‡Vi Rb¨| ÒCk¦‡ii evK¨ wnmv‡e evB‡ej cvV, †jv‡Kiv Aek¨B G‡K gy‡L cvV Ki‡e AšÍi w`‡q,

wbtk‡ã, mvMÖ‡n cÖZ¨vkvq, Ck¦‡ii m‡½ K_v ej‡Z| wPšÍv-fvebv Qvov ev D`vmxbfv‡e ev hZœnxb fv‡e ev gvbwmK fv‡e ev

†ckvMZfv‡e evB‡ej cvV Ck¦i evK¨ wnmv‡e evB‡ej cvV bq| †hgb ‡KD GKRb GwU cvV K‡i †hfv‡e fvjevmvi cÎ

c‡o †mfv‡e, Ab¨w`‡K Avi GKRb cvV K‡i GwU Ck¦‡ii evK¨ wnmv‡e|Ó

3. H. H. Rowley in The Relevance of the Bible, p. 19: ÒevB‡ej ‡KejgvÎ †gavMZ †evaMg¨Zv bq, hwÌ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c, mK‡j Gi m¤ú‡ì AwaKvix n‡Z cv‡i| GwU GB ai‡Yi

†evaMg¨Zv‡K †nq Ávb K‡i bv, KviY GwU Avek¨K Gi m¤ú~Y© †evaMg¨Zv| wKš‘ GwU Aek¨B cwiPvwjZ Ki‡e GB cy Í̄‡Ki

AvwZ¥K m¤ú‡ì AvwZ¥K †evaMg¨Zvi w`‡K hw` GwU m¤ú~Y© Kiv nq| GB Kvi‡Y †gavMZ `ÿZvi cÖ‡qvR‡bi †P‡qI AvwZ¥K

†evaMg¨Zv AviI †ekx ìKvix| AvwZ¥K welq AvwZ¥K wePÿYvq †`L‡Z n‡e, Ges evB‡e‡ji wkÿv_x©i ìKvi AvwZ¥K fv‡e

MÖn‡Yi g‡bvfve, Ck¦i‡K cvevi GK A`g¨ AvMÖn hv Zv‡K Zuvi Kv‡Q mgc©Y Ki‡Z cv‡i, hw` †m Zvi êÁvwbK Aa¨qb‡K

ev` w`‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i mg¯Í cy¯Í‡Ki me‡P‡q gnvb D”PZi DËivwaKv‡ii w`‡K|Ó

9

VI. GB e¨vL¨v cy Í̄‡Ki c×wZ

GB Aa¨qb wb‡`©kK e¨vL¨v cy Í̄K cwiKwíZ n‡q‡Q Avcbvi Abyev‡ì Kvh©avivi mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cieZx©‡Z D‡jøwLZ K‡qKwU Dcv‡q:

1. cÖwZwU cy¯Í‡Ki GKwU mswÿß HwZnvwmK iƒc‡iLv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cvV Pµ#3 †kl Kivi c‡i Avcwb GB Z_¨¸wj cixÿv Ki‡eb|

2. cÖm½K…Z AšÍ©̀ „wó cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z cv‡eb| GwU Avcbv‡K †`L‡Z mvnvh¨ Ki‡e †h wKfv‡e mvwn‡Zï GKK web¨ Í̄ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

3. cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi ïiæ‡Z ev eo mvwn‡Zï GKK c¨vivMÖvd wefvM Ges †m¸wji eY©bvgyjK wk‡ivbvg K‡qKwU Abyev`‡Ki Abyev` †_‡K †Ìqv n‡q‡Q:

K. The United Bible Society Greek text, fourth edition revised(UBS4) L. The New American Standard Bible, 1995 Update (NASB) M. The New King James Version (NKJV) N. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV) O. Today’s English Version (TEV) P. The Jerusalem Bible (JB)

c¨vivMÖvd wefvM AbycÖvwYZ bq| †m¸wj Aek¨B wbY©q Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡jLbxi cÖm½ †_‡K| wfbœ wfbœ Abyev` ZË¡ I ag©ZvwË¡K

`„wó‡Kv‡Yi K‡qKwU AvaywbK Abyev‡ì m‡½ Zzjbv K‡i, Avgiv mÿg n‡qwQ g~j †jL‡Ki wPšÍvi AvbygvwbK KvVv‡gv we‡kølY

Ki‡Z| cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖv‡d GKwU eo mZ¨ i‡q‡Q| G‡K ejv nq Òwelq evK¨Ó(the topic sentence) ev Ô‡jLbxi g~j wPšÍv|Ó GB hy³ wPšÍv nj PvweKvwV mwVK HwZnvwmK, e¨vKiYMZ Abyev‡ì| Kv‡iviB Abyev`, cÖPvi ev wkÿv †Ìqv DwPZ bq †Kvb GKwU

c¨vivMÖv‡di Qvov! AviI g‡b ivLv ìKvi †h cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖvd Zvi Pvicv‡ki c¨vivMÖvd Øviv †ewóZ| †mRb¨ mgMÖ cy¯Í‡Ki

c¨vivMÖvd Í̄‡ii iƒc‡iLv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| Avgv‡ì Aek¨B mÿg n‡Z n‡e wel‡qi hyw³MZ cÖev‡ni w`K Abymib Kiv †hwU

AbycÖvwYZ gyj †jLK ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|

4. e‡ei †bvU verse-by-verse Abyev` cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i‡Q| GwU Avgv‡ì eva¨ K‡i‡Q gyj †jL‡Ki wPšÍv Abymib Ki‡Z| GB †bvU Avgv‡ì K‡qKwU ‡ÿ‡Îi Z_¨ mieivn K‡i‡Q:

K. mvwnZï cÖm½ L. HwZnvwmK, mvs¯‹…wZK AšÍ©̀ „wó M. e¨vKiYMZ Z_¨ N. kã Aa¨qb O. mgZvc~Y© mgvšÍivj c¨v‡mR

5. e¨vL¨vi GKwU wbw`©ó c‡q‡›U, New American Standard Version (1995 Avc‡WUm) Qvcvb †jLbx hy³ Kiv n‡e AvaywbK K‡qKwU Abyev‡ì ms¯‹iY Øviv:

K. The New King James Version (NKJV), GwU ÔTextus ReceptusÕ †jLbxMZ cvÛzwjwcwU AbymiY K‡i‡Q| L. The New Revised Standard Version (NRSV), GwU National Council of Churches of the Revised

Standard Version Gi word-for-word ms‡kvwaZ ms¯‹iY| M. The Today’s English Version (TEV), GwU American Bible Society Gi MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© Abyev`| N. The Jerusalem Bible (JB), GwU GKwU Bswjk Abyev` hvi wfwË nj French Catholic MwZkxj mgZvc~Y© Abyev`|

6. Zv‡ì Rb¨ hviv MÖxK c‡owb, Zzjbvg~jK Bswjk Abyev` mvnvh¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i †jLbxi mgm¨vmg~n wPwýZ Ki‡Z: K. cvÛzwjwci cv_©K¨ L. weKí kãv_© M. e¨vKiYMZ mgm¨veûj †jLbx I KvVv‡gv N. Øv_©e¨vÄK †jLbx hwÌ Bswjk Abyev` GB me mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, Z‡e Zviv G‡K AviI Mfxi I e¨vcK

Aa¨q‡bi welq e¯‘‡Z cwiYZ K‡i|

O. cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡qi †k‡l m½wZc~Y© Av‡jvPbvi cÖkœvejx †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †h¸wj jÿ¨ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q H Aa¨v‡qi eo Abyev`K…Z wel‡qi w`‡K|


10

†hvn‡bi f~wgKv

cÖviw¤¢K e³e¨

K. gw_ I j~K hxïi Rb¥ Kvwnwb w`‡q ïiæ K‡i‡Qb, gvK© ïiæ K‡i‡Qb Zuvi evwß®§ w`‡q, wKš‘ †hvnb ïiæ K‡i‡Qb m„wóc~e© Kvwnwb w`‡q|

L. †hvnb bvmiwZq hxïi m¤ú~Y© Ck¦iZ¡ cÖ_g Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g c` †_‡K Dc¯’vcb K‡i‡Qb Ges mgMÖ mymgvPv‡i Gi ¸iæZ¡ evievi e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Synoptic mymgvPvi mg~n GB mZ¨‡K c ©̀v w`‡q †X‡K †i‡L‡Qb Zv‡ì mymmgvPv‡i †k‡li w`K bv Avmv ch©šÍ (Ògkxn welqK †MvcbxqZvÓ)|

M. ¯úóZt †hvnb Zvi mymgvPvi iPbv K‡i‡Qb Synoptic mymgvPv‡ii wbf©i‡hvM¨Zvi wfwËi Av‡jv‡K| wZwb †Póv K‡i‡Qb AwZwi³ wKQz mieivn Ki‡Z Ges hxïi Rxeb I wkÿv cÖv_wgK gÐjxi(cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K) cÖ‡qvR‡bi Av‡jv‡K e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z|

N. †hvnb g‡b nq Zvi gkxn hxïi welq Dc¯’vcbvi KvVv‡gv M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb 1. mvZwU A‡jŠwKK/wPý KvR Ges †m¸‡jvi e¨vL¨v 2. e¨w³MZ 27wU mvÿvrKvi Ges/A_ev K‡_vcK_b 3. mywbw`©ó Avjvabv Ges ce© w`b

K. mveŸv_ ev wekÖvgevi L. wb¯Ívi ce© (†hvnb 5-6) M. KzwUi evm ce© (†hvnb 7:10) N. gw›ì cÖwZôvi ce© (Hanukkah, †hvnb 10:22-39)

4. ÒAvwg AvwQÓ gšÍe¨ K. Hk¦ixK bv‡gi m‡½ m¤úK©hy³ (YHWH)

1) AvwgB wZwb (†hvnb 4:26; 8:24,28; 13:19; 18:5-6) 2) Aeªvnv‡gi Av‡M †_‡KB Avwg AvwQ (†hvnb 8:54-59)

L. predicate nominatives w`‡q 1) AvwgB Rxeb Lv`¨ (†hvnb 6:35,41,48,51) 2) AvwgB RM‡Î †R¨vwZ (†hvnb 8:12) 3) AvwgB ‡gl‡ì Øvi (†hvnb 10:7,9) 4) AvwgB DËg †gl cvjK (†hvnb 10:11,14) 5) AvwgB cybiæÌvb I Rxeb (†hvnb 11:25) 6) Avwg c_, mZ¨, I Rxeb (†hvnb 14:6) 7) Avwg cÖK…Z `ªvÿvjZv (†hvnb 15:1,5)

O. †hvnb Ges Ab¨ mymgvPv‡ii g‡a¨Kvi cv_©K¨

1. hwÌ GwU mZ¨ †h †hvn‡bi cÖv_wgK D‡Ïk¨ nj ag©ZvwË¡K, Z‡e Zvi HwZnvwmK I †fŠMwjK eënvi wek` I `viæb fv‡e mwVK| Synoptic mymgvPvi I †hvn‡bi g‡a¨Kvi cÖK…Z AmvgÄm¨Zvi KviY AwbwðZ| K. whû`xqvq cÖv_wgK cwiPh©̈ v (gw›`‡i cÖv_wgK ïwPKiY) L. hxïi Rxe‡bi †kl mßv‡ni Kvjvbyµg I ZvwiL M. D‡Ïk¨g~jK ag©ZvwË¡K c~YM©Vb

2. ‡hvnb Ges Synoptic mymgvPv‡ii ga¨Kvi my®úó cv_©K¨ wb‡q wKQz mgq Av‡jvPbv Kiv mvnvh¨Kvix n‡e| GB cv_©Kï wel‡q A Theology of the New Testament eB †_‡K George Eldon Ladd Gi D×…wZ †`wL: K. ÒSynoptics ‡_‡K PZz_© mymgvPv‡ii A‡bK cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q hvi Rb¨ mZZvi mv‡_ cÖ‡kœi m¤§yLxb n‡Z nq †h hxïi wkÿv

m¤ú‡K© GUv wK mwVK weeiY w`‡q‡Q A_ev Lªxwóq wek¦vm HwZ‡n¨ wK A‡bK cwiewZ©Z n‡q‡Q †h BwZnvm ag©ZvwË¡K

e¨vL¨v‡K AvZ¥m¨vr K‡i‡QÓ(c„..215)|

L. Òmgvavb †hwU nv‡Zi Kv‡QB i‡q‡Q Zvnj hxïi wkÿv †hvn‡bi evMavivq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| hw` GwU mwVK mgvavb nq, Ges hw` Avgiv GB Dcmsnv‡i †cuŠQvB ‡h PZz_© mymgvPvi eyS‡Z n‡e Johannine evMavivq, Z‡e GB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖkœ P‡j Av‡m: PZz_© mymgvPv‡ii ag©Z‡Ë¡i mxgv KZUzKz hv hxïi †P‡q eis †hvn‡bi? hxïi wkÿvi mxgv KZUzKz †hvnb AvZ¥ ’̄

K‡iwQ‡jb hv hxïi wkÿvi mwVK cÖwZwbwa‡Z¡i †P‡q eis Avgiv Johannine e¨vL¨vq †c‡qwQ?Ó (c„..215)| M. Ladd also quotes W. F. Albright from "Recent Discoveries in Palestine and the Gospel of

John" in The Background of the New Testament and Its Eschatology edited by W. D. Davies and D. Daube

11

Ò Synoptics mymgvPvi I †hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡ii wkÿvi g‡a¨ †Kvb †gŠwjK cv_©K¨ †bB; G‡ì g‡a¨Kvi cv_©K¨ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q Lªx‡ói wkÿvi wbwðZ wKQzz w`‡Ki mv‡_ HwZ‡nï cÖwZ GKvMÖZv, we‡kl K‡i †m¸wj †h¸wj g‡b nq

G‡mbx‡ì (Essenes) wkÿvi gZ Lye KvQvKvwQ| wbwðZ fv‡e †Kvb wKQzB cÖ̀ k©b K‡i bv †h hxïi †Kvb wkÿvi weK…wZ ev wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, A_ev Lye ¸iæZ¡c~Y©

b~Zb Dcv`vb †m¸wji m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q| cÖ‡qvRb wQj cÖv_wgK gÛjxi cÖfve mymgvPv‡i †Kvb wbe©vwPZ welq AšÍ©f~w³i hv

Avgiv ¯̂xKvi Ki‡Z B”QzK, wKš‘ †Kvb KviYB †bB GUv a‡i †bevi †h H gÛjxi cÖ‡qvRb †Kvb ag©ZvwË¡K Zvrc‡h©i

Avwe¯‹vi ev b~Zb †Kvb wKQz cÖeZ©‡bi Rb¨ `vqx|

b~Zb wbq‡gi mgv‡jvPK cwÛZ I ag©ZvwË¡K‡ì GKwU A™¢zZ Abygvb wQj †h hxïi gb Lye mxgve× wQj hv †Kvb

cÖZxqgvb Zzjbv Synoptic mymgvPv‡ii †jLKMY I †hvn‡bi g‡a¨ Aek¨B cÖv_wgK Lªxwóqvb ag©ZvwË¡K‡ì g‡a¨Kvi cv_©Kï KviY| cÖwZwU gnr `vk©wbK I e¨w³Z¡ wfbœ wfbœ eÜz-evÜe I †kÖvZv‡ì Øviv wfbœ wfbœ fv‡e e¨vL¨vK…Z n‡”Qb,

hviv wbe©vwPZ Ki‡e †KvbwU g‡b nq me‡P‡q Dc‡hvMx ev DcKvix hv Zviv †`‡L‡Q ev ï‡b‡Q Zvi g‡a¨Ó(c„...170-

177)|

N. Avevi George E. Ladd †_‡K: ÒZv‡ì g‡a¨Kvi cv_©K¨ GB bq †h †hvnb ag©ZvwË¡K Ges Abïv bq wKš‘ mK‡jB wewfbœ fv‡e ag©ZvwË¡K|

e¨vL¨vK…Z BwZnvm n‡Z cv‡i †KejgvÎ NUbvi Kvjvbyµ‡gi †P‡q wbw`©ó Ae ’̄vi AviI mZ¨ cÖwZwbwaZ¡Kvix| hw` †hvnb

ag©ZvwË¡K e¨vL¨v nq, Z‡e Zv nj NUbvi e¨vL¨v hv‡Z †hvnb BwZnv‡mi NUbvq cÖfvBeZ n‡qwQ‡jb| GUv ¯úóZ

Synoptic mymgvPv‡ii D‡Ïk¨ bq †h hxïi ipsissima verba of (cÖK…Z kã) GgbwK Zuvi Rxe‡bi NUbvi GKwU wi‡cvU© cÖ̀ vb| Zvi hxïi wPÎI Gu‡K‡Qb Ges Zvi wkÿvi mswÿßmvi K‡i‡Qb| gw_ Ges j~K wb‡Riv ¯̂vaxb fv‡e

gv‡K©i welq¸wj‡K cyb:mw¾Z K‡i‡Qb Ges hxïi wkÿv MÖnYxq ¯̂vaxbZvq wi‡cvU© K‡i‡Qb| hw` †hvnb gw_ I j~‡Ki

†P‡q AviI ¯̂vaxbZv †fvM K‡i _v‡Kb, †mB Kvi‡Y wZwb B”QzK n‡q‡Qb AviI Mfxi I P~ovšÍfv‡e hxïi AviI ev Í̄e

wPÎ G‡uK‡QbÓ(c„..221-222)|

‡jLK

K. mymgvPviwU AÁvZ †jL‡Ki wKš‘ GwU Bw½Z †`q †hvn‡bi †jLbxi 1. †jLK GKRb cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© (†hvnb 19:35) 2. evK¨vsk ÒwcÖq wkl¨Ó (cwjKvc© Ges AvB‡iwbqvm Df‡qB Zv‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb †cÖwiZ †hvnb wnmv‡e) 3. wmew`‡qi(Zebedee) cyÎ †hvnb, KLbB Zvi bv‡g D‡jøwLZ nbwb

L. HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU mymgvPvi †_‡KB ¯úó, †mRb¨, g~j †jL‡Ki welqwU e¨vL¨vi †ÿ‡Î ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KviY nqwb| AbycÖvwYZ †jL‡Ki wbðqZvq wQj ¸iæZ¡c~b©!

†hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡ii g~j †jLK Ges ZvwiL Aby‡cÖiYvq cÖfve †d‡j bv, wKš‘ e¨vL¨vq| e¨vL¨vKvi‡Kiv HwZnvwmK †cÖÿvcU

A‡šl̂Y K‡ib, GKwU Dcjÿ¨ hvi Kvi‡Y eBwU †jLv n‡q‡Q| ‡Kvb GKR‡bi wK †hvn‡bi ˆØZev` Zzjbv Kiv DwPr cieZx©

wel‡q m‡½

1. whn~`x‡ì ỳÕwU hyM 2. Kzgiv‡bi(Qumran) avwg©KZvi wkÿK 3. Zoroastrian ag© 4. Ávbev‡ì (Gnostic) wPšÍv fvebv 5. hxïi AwØZxq „̀wófw½?

M. cÖvPxb HwZn¨MZ „̀wó fw½ wQj †h, wmew`‡qi cyÎ †cÖwiZ †hvnb, n‡jb gvbyl, cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© Drm| GwU Aek¨B ¯úó Kiv n‡q‡Q KviY wØZxq kZ‡Ki evwn¨K Drmmg~n g‡b nq mymgvPvi MV‡b Ab¨‡ì mv‡_ hy³:

1. mn wek¦vmxiv Ges Bwdlxq cÖvPx‡biv eq¯‹ (aging) †cÖwiZ‡ì DrmvwnZ K‡i‡Qb †jLvi Rb¨ (Bmyweqvm Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g‡›Ui D×…wZ w`‡q‡Qb)

2. GKRb mn †cÖwiZ, Avw›`ªq (the Muratorian Fragment, a.d. 180-200, from Rome )

N. wKQz wKQz AvaywbK cwÛZ Ab¨ GKRb †jL‡Ki aviYv †cvlb K‡ib mymgvPv‡ii c×wZ Ges welq e ‘̄i m¤̂‡Ü wKQz wKQz aviYvi Dc‡i wfwË K‡i| A‡bK aviYv K‡ib †jLvi ZvwiL 2q kZ‡Ki cÖ_g w`K (115 Lªxóv‡ãi Av‡M):

1. †hvn‡bi cÖfvweZ wklïv (a Johannine circle of influence) hviv Zvi wkÿv ¯§iY K‡i‡Qb (J. Weiss, B. Lightfoot,

12

C. H. Dodd, O. Cullmann, R. A. Culpepper, C. K. Barrett) 2. ÒcÖvPxb †hvnbÓ Øviv wjwLZ, (Gwkqvi avivevwnZ cÖv_wgK †bZv‡ì GKRb whwb †cÖwiZ †hvn‡bi ag©ZË¡ I Uvg© eënv‡ii †KŠkj

Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡qwQ‡jb) †hwU G‡m‡Q c¨vwcqv‡mi (Papias) AÁvZ c¨v‡mR †_‡K (70-146 Lªxóvã) hv D×…Z K‡iwQ‡jb Bmyweqvm (280-339 Lªxóvã)

O. ‡hvn‡bi wb‡Ri Rb¨ cÖgvY mymgvPv‡ii welqe¯‘i Rb¨ cÖv_wgK Drm wnmv‡e 1. Avf¨všÍwiY cÖgvY

K. †jLK Rvb‡Zb whn~`x wkÿv I Zv‡ì ag©vbyóvb mg~n Ges Zv‡ì cyivZb wbq‡gi wek¦ `k©b cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb L. †jLK Rvb‡Zb c¨v‡j÷vBb Ges whiƒkv‡j‡gi 70 Lªxóv‡ãi Ae ’̄vi wel‡q M. †jLK wb‡R‡K cÖZ¨ÿ`kx© e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb

1) †hvnb 1:14 2) ‡hvnb 19:35 3) ‡hvnb 21:24

N. †jLK †cÖwiZ `‡ji GKRb m`m¨ wQ‡jb, Kvib wZwb cwiwPZ wQ‡jb: 1) mgq Ges ’̄v‡bi wek` (iv‡Zi wePvi) 2) msL¨vi wek` (†hvnb 2:6 c‡ì R‡ji cvÎ Ges 21:11 c‡ì gvQ) 3) e¨w³‡ì wek` 4) ‡jLK NUbv Ges †mB me NUbvi cÖwZwµqv m¤‡̂Ü wek` Rvb‡Zb 5) ‡jLK g‡b nq g‡bvbxZ ÒwcÖq wkl¨Ó

K) †hvnb 13:23, 25 L) †hvnb 19:26-27 M) †hvnb 20:2-5,8 N) †hvnb 21:7, 20-24

6) †jLK g‡b nq wcZ‡ii mv‡_ GKB `‡ji m`m¨ wQ‡jb K) †hvnb 13:24 L) †hvnb 20:2 M) †hvnb 21:7

7) wmew`‡qi cyÎ †hvn‡bi bvg GB mymgvPv‡i GKev‡ii RbÏ †`Lv hvqwb, †hwU AZ¨šÍ A¯̂vfvweK KviY wZwb wQ‡jb †cÖwiZ‡ì `‡ji GKRb m`m¨

2. evwn¨K cÖgvY K. mymgvPvi cwiwPZ hv‡ì Øviv

1) AvB‡iwbqvm (120-202 Lªxóvã) whwb cwjKv‡c©i m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb, †cÖwiZ †hvnb‡K Rvb‡Zb (Eusebius' Historical Eccleasticus 5:20:6-7) Ñ ÒcÖfzi wkl¨ †hvnb whwb Zuvi ey‡K †n‡j c‡owQ‡jb Ges Gwkqvi Bwd‡l e‡m mymgvPvi iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb (Haer, 3:1:1, quoted in Eusebius' Hist. Eccl. 5:8:4)

2) Av‡jKRvw›`ªqvi wK¬‡g›U (153-217 Lªxóvã) Ñ Ò‡hvnb whwb Zvi eÜz‡ì Øviv DrmvwnZ n‡qwQ‡jb Ges AvZ¥v Øviv Hk¦wiK fv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡qwQ‡jb, AvwZ¥K mymgvPvi iPbv K‡iwQ‡jbÓ (Eusebius' HistoricalEccleasticus 6:14:7)

3) Rvw÷b gvU©vi (110-165 Lªxóvã) Zvi Dialogue with Trypho 81:4 G 4) ZvZz©wjqvb (145-220 Lªxóvã)

L. g~j †jLK wnmv‡e †hvn‡bi bvg Lye cÖvPxb mvÿxiv †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb 1) cwjKvc© (70-156 Lªxóvã, AvB‡iwbqvm wjwce× K‡i‡Qb), whwb ¯§~Y©vi wekc wQ‡jb(155 Lªxóvã) 2) cvwcqvm (70-146 Lªxóvã, †iv‡g e‡m Anti-Marconite Prologue Ges Bwmyweqvm wjwce× K‡i‡Qb), whwb

diæwMqvi wnqviv‡cvwj‡mi wekc wQ‡jb Ges ejv n‡q _v‡K †h wZwb †cÖwiZ †hvn‡bi wkl¨ wQ‡jb

P. HwZn¨MZ fv‡e g~j †jLK m¤ú‡K© m‡›`‡ni wcQ‡b hyw³ 1. mymgvPv‡ii Ávbev‡ì g~j-fv‡ei (themes) mv‡_ m¤úK© 2. 21 Aa¨v‡q my¯úó cwiwkó 3. Synoptics mymgvPv‡ii mv‡_ Kvjvbyµ‡g AmvgÄm¨Zv 4. †hvnb wb‡R‡K ÒwcÖq wkl¨Ó e‡j D‡jøL K‡ib bvB 5. Synoptics mymgvPv‡ii †P‡q †hvnb hxïi wfbœ wfbœ kã I †KŠkj eënvi K‡i‡Qb

Q. hw` Avgiv a‡i †bB †h Bwb †cÖwiZ †hvnb wQ‡jb Zvn‡j Avgiv GB †jvK m¤‡̂Ü wK a†i wb‡Z cvwi?

13

1. wZwb Bwdl †_‡K wj‡L‡Qb (AvB‡iwbqvm e‡j‡Qb, ÒBwdl †_‡K mymgvPvi cÖKvwkZÓ) 2. hLb wZwb GKRb e‡qve„× gvbyl †m mg‡q wZwb wj‡L‡Qb (AvB‡iwbqvm e‡j‡Qb wZwb UªvRv‡bi ivRZ¡Kvj, 98-117 Lªxóvã, ch©šÍ

†eu‡P wQ‡jb)

ZvwiL

K. hw` Avgiv a‡i †bB †h †cÖwiZ †hvnb GwU wj‡L‡Qb 1. 70 Lªxóv‡ãi Av‡M, hLb whiƒkv‡jg bMix †ivgxq †Rbv‡ij (c‡i m¤ªvU) UvBUvm Øviv asm Kiv n‡qwQj

K. †hvnb 5:2 c`, Òwhiƒkv‡j‡gi †gl-Øv‡ii wbKU GKwU cyKzi Av‡Q; Beªxq fvlvq †mwUi bvg ê‡_m`v, Zvnvi cuvPwU Puv`wb NvU...Ó

L. evievi cÖv_wgK wk‡ivbvg Òwkl¨Ó eëüZ n†q‡Q †hwU wPwýZ K‡i †cÖwiZ‡ì `j‡K M. a‡i †bIqv cieZx©Kv‡ji Ávbev‡ì Dcv`vb giæ mvM‡ii cyuw_‡Z eZ©gv‡b Avwe¯‹…Z n‡q‡Q, †hwU †`Lvq †h †m¸wj wQj cÖ_g

kZ‡Ki ag©ZvwË¡K wgkÖ fvlvi (jargon) Ask N. 70 Lªxóv‡ã gw›ì Ges whiƒkv‡jg as‡mi ‡Kvb K_v GLv‡b D‡jøwLZ nqwb O. weL¨vZ Av‡gwiKvb cÖZœZË¡we` W. F. Albright GB mymgvPv‡ii GKwU ZvwiL wbY©q Ki‡Z ‡Póv K‡i‡Qb Zvnj 70 `k‡Ki

†kl w`‡K A_ev 80 `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`‡K

2. cÖ_g kZ‡Ki †kl w`‡K K. †hvn‡bi DbœqbK…Z ag©ZË¡ L. whiƒkv‡ji cZb GLv‡b D‡jøwLZ nqwb KviY GwU N‡UwQj cÖvq 20 eQi Av‡M M. †hvnb Ávbev‡ì gZ kã¸”Q Ges kã-D”PviY eënvi K‡i‡Qb N. gÐjxi cÖv_wgK HwZn¨

1) AvB‡iwbqvm 2) Bwmyweqvm

L. hw` Avgiv a‡i ‡bB †h ÒcÖvPxb †hvnbÓ Zvn‡j ZvwiL n‡e wØZxq kZ‡Ki ga¨fv‡Mi cÖ_gw`K| GB ZË¡ ïiæ n‡q‡Q hLb w`qvbywmm †cÖwiZ †hvnb †h Gi g~j †jLK (mvwnZ¨MZ Kvi‡Yi Rb¨) Zv cÖZ¨vLvb Kivi mv‡_ mv‡_| Bmyweqvm, ag©ZvwË¡K Kvi‡Y †cÖwiZ †hvnb †h

cÖKvwkZ evK¨ wj‡L‡Qb Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vb K‡i‡Qb, g‡b nq wZwb Avi GKRb Ò‡hvnbÓ †K †c‡q‡Qb wVK mg‡q Ges wVK RvqMvq

c¨vwcqv‡mi D×…wZ‡Z (Historical Eccleasticus3:39:5,6), †hLv‡b ỳRb Ò‡hvn‡biÓ ZvwjKv K‡i‡Q (1) †cÖwiZ †hvnb Ges (2) GKRb cÖvPxb (presbyter)|

MÖwnZv

K. g~jZ GwU †jLv n‡q‡Q ‡ivgxq cÖ‡`k Gwkqv gvBb‡i Aew ’̄Z Pv‡P©i D‡Ï‡k¨, we‡kl K‡i Bwd‡l Aew ’̄Z PvP©|

L. †h‡nZz bvmiwZq hxïi e¨w³Z¡ I Rxebxi AšÍ©̀ „wói mnR‡eva¨Zv Ges MfxiZv G‡K RbwcÖq mymgvPvi K‡i‡Q MÖxK fvwl ciRvwZ Ges Ávbev‡ì Abymvix Dfq `‡ji Kv‡Q|

D‡Ïk¨

K. mymgvPviwU ej‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Q Gi mymgvPvi cÖPvi welqK D‡Ïk¨, †hvnb 20:30-31 c` 1. whn~`x cvVK‡ì Rb¨ 2. ciRvwZ cvVK‡ì Rb¨ 3. cÖv_wgK Ávbev‡ì Abymvwi cvVK‡ì Rb¨

L. Gi g‡b nq GKwU ỳtL‡ev‡ai PvwjKv i‡q‡Q 1. evwß®§ `vZv †hvn‡bi †Mvov Abymvwi‡ì weiæ‡× 2. cÖv_wgK Ávbev‡ì åvšÍ wkÿK‡ì weiæ‡× (we‡klZ gyLeÜ); Ávbev‡ì GB åvšÍ wkÿv b~Zb wbq‡gi Ab¨vb¨ cy¯Í‡KiI †cÖÿcU:

K. Bwdlxq L. Kjmxq M. cvjKxq cÎvejx (1 Zxgw_q, ZxZ, 2 Zxgw_q) N. 1 †hvnb (1 †hvnb n‡Z cv‡i GB mymgvPv‡i GKwU cÖ”Q` cÎ wnmv‡e KvR K‡i‡Q)

M. GLv‡b m¤¢vebv i‡q‡Q †h †hvnb 20:31 c‡ì D‡Ïk¨g~jK gšÍe¨ eyS‡Z n‡Z cv‡i âh©avi‡Yi gZev‡ì Drmvn wnmv‡e †mB m‡½

14

mymgvPvi cÖPviI KviY cwiÎv‡Yi welq eY©bv Ki‡Z mymvgÄm¨ fv‡e PRESENT TENSE Gi eënvi| GB A‡_© †hvnb, hv‡Kv‡ei gZ, n‡Z cv‡i mgZv iÿv K‡i‡Q Gwkqv gvBb‡ii wKQz wKQz `‡ji Kv‡Q †cŠ‡ji ag©Z‡Ë¡i AwZwi³ ¸iæZ¡ (2 wcZi 3:15-16)| GwU

AevK Kiv welq †h cÖv_wgK gÛjx HwZn¨ †hvnb‡K wPwýZ K‡i‡Q Bwd‡li mv‡_, †cŠj‡K bq (F. F. Bruce's Peter,Stephen, James and John: Studies in Non-Pauline Christianity, pp. 120-121)|

N. cybð (Epilogue) (†hvnb 21) g‡b nq cÖv_wgK gÛjx wKQz wbw`©ó cÖ‡kœi DËi 1. Synoptic mymgvPv‡ii weei‡Y AviI wKQz mieivnKvix †hvnb| hv‡nvK, wZwb `„wó w`‡q‡Qb whn~`xqv‡Z cwiPh©̈ vi welq; wbw`©ó

fv‡e whiƒkv‡j‡g|

2. wZbwU cÖkœ †hvnb 21 Aa¨v‡qi cwiwkó †X‡K w`‡q‡Q K. wcZ‡ii cyb¯’vcb L. †hvn‡bi `xN© Rxeb M. hxïi wd‡i Avmvq wej¤̂

O. A‡b‡K †hvnb‡K †`‡L _v‡Kb agx©q Abyôvbvwì Dc‡i Kg ¸iæZ¡̀ vbKvix (deemphasizing sacramentalism) wnmv‡e D‡Ïk¨g~jK A‡enjvi Øviv Ges wb‡Riv wewa mg~n wjwce× ev Av‡jvPbv K‡ib bvB ‡hvnb 3 Aa¨vq (evwß‡®§i Rb¨) Ges †hvnb 6 Aa¨vq (BDLvwi÷

ev cÖfzi †fv‡Ri Rb¨) Gi wbuLyZ cÖm½K…Z my‡hvM _vKv m‡Ë¡I)|

‡hvn‡bi iƒc‡iLvi êwkó¨

K. GKwU `vk©wbK/ag©ZvwË¡K gyLeÜ (†hvnb 1:1-18) Ges GKwU eënvwiK cybð (†hvnb 21)

L. hxïb cÖKvk¨ cwiPh©̈ vq mvZwU A‡jŠwKK wPý KvR (2-12 Aa¨vq) Ges †m¸wji e¨vL¨v: 1. Kvbœv bM‡i we‡q evox‡Z Rj‡K ª̀vÿvi‡m cwieZ©b Kiv (†hvnb 2:1-11) 2. Kdibvn~‡g ivR Kg©Pvixi †Q‡j‡K my¯’̈ Kiv (†hvnb 4:46-54) 3. whiƒkv‡j‡g ê‡_m`v cyKzi cv‡o GKRb LÄ e¨vw³‡K my¯’̈ Kiv (†hvnb 5:1-18) 4. Mvjx‡j cÖvq 5000 Rb‡K LvIqv‡bv (†hvnb 6:1-15) 5. Mvjxj mvM‡i R‡ji Dci w`‡q nuvUv (†hvnb 6:16-21) 6. whiƒkv‡j‡g GKRb Rb¥vÜ‡K my¯’̈ Kiv (†hvnb 9:1-41) 7. ê_wbqv‡Z jvmvi‡K g„Zz¨ †_‡K RxweZ Kiv (†hvnb 11:1-57)

M. e¨w³ we‡k‡li m‡½ mvÿvrKvi I K‡_vcK_b 1. evwß®§`vZv †hvnb (†hvnb 1:19-34; 3:22-36) 2. wklïv

K. Avw›`ªq I wcZi (†hvnb 1:35-42) L. wdwjc Ges b_wb‡qj (†hvnb 1:43-51)

3. bxK`xg (†hvnb 3:1-21) 4. kgwiq ¯¿x‡jvK (†hvnb 4:1-45) 5. whiƒkv‡j‡gi whn~`xiv (†hvnb 5:10-47) 6. Mvjx‡j RbZv (†hvnb 6:22-66) 7. wcZi Ges wklïv (†hvnb 6:67-71) 8. hxïi fvB‡qiv (†hvnb 7:1-13) 9. whiƒkv‡j‡gi whn~`xiv (†hvnb 7:14-8:59; 10:1-42) 10. Dc‡ii KKzViw‡Z wklïv (†hvnb 13:1-17:26) 11. whn~`x‡ì ew›`Kib I wePvi (†hvnb 18:1-27) 12. †ivgxq wePvi (†hvnb 18:28-19:16) 13. cybiæÌvb cieZx© K‡_vcK_b, 20:11-29

K. gwiq‡gi mv‡_ L. 10 Rb †cÖwi‡Zi mv‡_ M. †_vgvi mv‡_

14. wcZ‡ii m‡½ cybð K_vevZ©v, †hvnb 21:1-25 15. (†hvnb 7:53-8:11, e¨vwfPvix ¿̄x‡jv‡Ki Mí, cÖv_wgK fv‡e †hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡ii Ask wQj bv!)

N. wbw`©ó Avivabv/ce© w`b

15

1. wekÖvgevi (†hvnb 5:9; 7:22; 9:14; 19:31) 2. wb¯Ívi ce© (†hvnb 2:13; 6:4; 11:55; 18:28) 3. KzUxi evm ce© (†hvnb 8-9) 4. gw›ì cÖwZôvi ce© (Av‡jvi ce©, †hvnb 10:22)

O. ÒAvwg AvwQÕ GB gšÍe¨ eënvi 1. ÒAvwgB wZwbÓ (†hvnb 4:26; 6:20; 8:24,28,54-59; 13:19; 18:5-6,8) 2. ÒAvwgB Rxeb Lv`¨Ó (†hvnb 6:35,41,48,51) 3. ÒAvwgB RM‡Zi †R¨vwZÓ (†hvnb 8:12; 9:5) 4. ÒAvwgB †gl‡ì ØviÓ (†hvnb 10:7,9) 5. ÒAvwgB DËg †glcvjKÓ (†hvnb 10:11,14) 6. ÒAvwgB cybiæÌvb Ges RxebÓ (†hvnb 11:25) 7. ÒAvwg c_, mZ¨ I RxebÓ (†hvnb 14:6) 8. ÒAvwgB cÖK…Z `ªvÿvjZvÓ (†hvnb 15:1,5)

cvV Pµ GK

GwU nj Aa¨qb wb‡`©kK e¨vL¨v eB, Gi gv‡b nj †h Avcwb wb‡RB Avcbvi evB‡ej Abyev‡ì Rb¨ `vwq| Avgiv †h Av‡jv †c‡qwQ †mB

Av‡jv‡Z Avgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki Pjv DwPZ| Avcwb, evB‡ej Ges cweÎ AvZ¥v nj Abyev‡` AMÖMY¨| Avcwb Aek¨B me wKQz e¨vL¨vKvi‡Ki Dc‡i

†Q‡o †`‡eb bv|

GKev‡iB mgMÖ evB‡ejwU cvV Kiæb| mgMÖ cy¯Í‡Ki †K›`ªxq g~j fve Avcbvi wb‡Ri K_vq eY©bv Kiæb|

1. mgMÖ cy¯Í‡Ki g~j fve 2. mvwn‡Zï cÖKvi(genre)

cvV Pµ ỳB




GKev‡iB mgMÖ evB‡ejwU wØZxqevi cvV Kiæb| cÖavb welq iƒc‡iLv Kiæb Ges GKwU ev‡K¨ welqwU cÖKvk Kiæb|

1. cÖ_g mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki welq e ‘̄ 2. wØZxq mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki welq e ‘̄ 3. Z…Zxq mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki welq e ‘̄ 4. PZz_© mvwn‡Zï GK‡Ki welq e ‘̄ 5. BZ¨vw`|


16

‡hvnb 1

AvaywbK Abyev‡` c¨vivMÖvd wefvM*

UBS4 NKJV NRSV TEV NJB

evK¨ gvsmgq n‡jb AbšÍKvjxb evK¨ f~wgKv Rxe‡bi evK¨ f~wgKv

1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-5 1:1-18

‡hvn‡bi mvÿ¨:

mwZ¨Kvi †R¨vwZ

1:6-13 1:6-13 1:6-9 1:6-9

1:10-13 1:10-13

evK¨ gvsmgq n‡jb

1:14-18 1:14-18 1:14-18 1:14

1:15

1:16-18

evwß®§`vZv †hvn‡bi cÖvšÍ‡i GKR‡bi ie ‡hvn‡bi mvÿ¨ evwß®§`vZv †hvn‡bi ‡hvn‡bi mvÿ¨

mvÿ¨ evZ©v

1:19-28 1:19-28 1:19-23 1:19 1:19-28

1:20

1:21

K

1:21

L

1:21

M

1:22

K

1:22

L

1:23

1:24-28 1:24-25

1:26-27

1:28

Ck¦‡ii †glkveK Ck¦‡ii †glkveK Ck¦‡ii †glkveK

17

1:29-34 1:29-34 1:29-34 1:29-31 1:29-34

1:32-34

cÖ_g wkl¨ cÖ_g wkl¨ hxïi cÖ_g wk‡lï hxïi cÖ_g wkl¨ cÖ_g wkl¨

mvÿ¨

1:35-42 1:35-42 1:35-42 1:35-36 1:35-39

1:37-38

K

1:38

L

1:39

1:40-42

K

1:40-42

1:42

L

wdwjc I b_wb‡qj‡K wdwjc I b_wb‡qj hxï b_wb‡qj‡K I

Avnevb wdwjc‡K Avnevb

K‡ib

1:43-51 1:43-51 1:43-51 1:43-45 1:43-51

1:46

K

1:46

L

1:47

1:48

K

1:48

L

1:49

1:50-51

* hwÌ Zviv AbycÖvwYZ bq, c¨vivMÖvd wefvM nj g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z cviv Ges AbymiY Kivi PvweKvwV| cÖwZwU AvaywbK Abyev`

c¨vivMÖvd‡K wef³ K‡i‡Q Ges mvimswÿß K‡i‡Q| cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖv‡di i‡q‡Q GKwU †K› ª̀xq welq, mZ¨ ev wPšÍv| cÖwZwU ms¯‹iY ‡mB welq

mswÿß mvi (encapsulates) K‡i Gi wbR¯ ̂¯̂Zš¿ cš’vq| hLb Avcwb †jLv co‡eb, wb‡R‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡eb †Kvb Abyev`wU Avcbv‡K welqwU Ges c` wefvM eyS‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i|

cÖwZwU Aa¨v‡q Avgv‡ì‡K Av‡M evB‡ej co‡Z n‡e Ges †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e Gi welqwU (c¨vivMÖvd) wPwýZ Ki‡Z, Zvici AvaywbK Abyev‡ì mv‡_

Avgv‡ì †evSevi mÿgZv Zzjbv Ki‡Z n‡e| ïaygvÎ hLbB Avgiv g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ eyS‡Z cvie Zvi hyw³ Ges Dc ’̄vcbv AbymiY K‡i

ZLbB Avgiv mwVKfv‡e evB‡ej‡K eyS‡Z cvie| ïaygvÎ g~j †jLK n‡jb AbycÖvwYZÑcvV‡Ki †Kvb AwaKvi †bB evZ©vwU cwieZ©b ev iƒcvšÍi

Kivi| evB‡e‡ji cvVK‡ì `vwqZ¡ nj AbycÖvwYZ mZ¨wU Zv‡ì cÖwZwU w`‡b Ges Zv‡ì Rxe‡b cÖ‡qvM Kiv|

jÿ¨ Ki‡eb cÖwZwU cwifvlv Ges mswÿßKiY m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q cieZ©x bw_cÎ¸wj‡Z: Brief Definitions of Greek Grammatical Structure, Textual Criticism, and Glossary.|

cvV Pµ wZb

c¨vivMÖvd Í̄‡i g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ AbymiY

18




c¨vivMÖvdwU GKev‡i cvV Kiæb| welqwU wPwýZ Kiæb| Avcbvi welq wefv‡Mi mv‡_ AvaywbK cuvPwU Abyev‡ì Zzjbv Kiæb| c¨vivMÖvd

KivUv AbycÖvwYZ bq, wKš‘ GwU nj g~j †jL‡Ki D‡Ïk¨ Abymi‡Yi PvweKvwV, †hwU nj Abyev‡ì gyj K_v| cÖwZwU c¨vivMÖv‡di GKwU †KejgvÎ

GKwUB welq _v‡K|

1. cÖ_g c¨vivMÖvd 2. wØZxq c¨vivMÖvd 3. Z„Zxq c¨vivMÖvd 4. BZ¨vw`|

1-18c‡ì cÖvmw½K AšÍ©`„wó

K. KweZv/¯‘wZ/gZev‡ì ag©ZË¡MZ iƒc‡iLv 1. AbšÍ Kvjxb, ¯̂M©xq, m„wóKZ©v, gyw³`vZv Lªxó, †hvnb 1:1-5 (evK¨ wn‡m‡e hxï) 2. Lªx‡ói fveevYxg~jK mvÿx, †hvnb 1:4-5,7-8, 15 (Av‡jv wn‡m‡e hxï) 3. †`navix Lªxó Ck¦i‡K cÖKvk K‡ib, †hvnb 1:10-18 (cyÎ wn‡m‡e hxï)

L. †hvnb 1:1-18 c‡ì ag©ZË¡MZ KvVv‡gv Ges g~j fv‡ei (themes)cybive„wË 1. hxï wcZv Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ c~‡e© we`¨gvb wQ‡jb (‡hvnb 1:1

K

)

2. wcZv Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ hxï AšÍi½ mnfvwMZvq wQ‡jb ( ‡hvnb 1:1L

, 2, 18

M

)

3. hxï wcZv Ck¦‡iii wbR¯ ̂mË¡v wefvM Ki‡Zb ( †hvnb 1:1M

, 18

L

)

4. wcZv Ck¦i A_© gyw³ Ges ÌK MÖnY (†hvnb 1:12-13) 5. †`n aviY, Ck¦i GKRb gvbyl n‡jb (†hvnb 1:9, 14) 6. cÖKvwkZ, Ck¦i m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cÖKvwkZ Ges †evaMg¨ (†hvnb 1:18

N

)

M. logos (evK¨) Gi Beªxq Ges MÖxK †cÖÿvcU 1. Beªxq †cÖÿvcU

K. Kw_Z ev‡Kï ÿgZv (whkv. 55:11; MxZ: 33:6; 107:20; 147:15,18), †hgwb m„wó‡Z (Avw` 1:3, 6, 9, 11,14,20,24,26,29) Ges Patriarchal (wcZ…kvwmZ) Avkx©ev` (Avw`. 27:1 †_‡K K‡qKwU c`; 49:1)

L. wn‡Zvc‡`k 8:12-23 c` ÒcÖÁvÓ-‡K e¨w³iƒ‡c cÖKvk K‡i Ck¦‡ii cÖ_g m„wó Ges mKj m„wói cªwZwbwaiƒ‡c (MxZ 33:6 Ges K¨vbb ewn©f~Z Wisdom of Solomon, 9:9)

M. Targums (AivwgK Abyev` Ges e¨vL¨vg~jK eB) logos Rb¨ ÒCk¦‡ii evK¨Ó GB kã¸‡”Qi cwie‡Z© e‡m KviY anthropomorphic (gvbe iƒc `vb) Uv‡g© Zv‡ì A¯̂w¯Í|

2. MÖxK †cÖÿvcU K. Heracleitus Ñ kãwU wQj wbišÍi cwieZ©‡b; AeÜzm~jf Hk¦ixK Ges AcwieZ©bxq logos GwU GKmv‡_ Ry‡o

†i‡LwQj Ges cwieZ©b cÖwµqv‡K cwiPvwjZ K‡iwQj|

L. Plato Ñ GB AeÜzm~jf Ges AcweZ©bxq logos MÖn¸wj K‡ÿ †i‡LwQj Ges FZz wb×©viY Ki‡Zv| M. Stoics Ñ logos wQj Òwe‡k¦i KviYÓ ev eë ’̄vcK, wKš‘ wQj AvswkK e¨w³MZ N. Philo Ñ wZwb e¨w³iƒc w`‡q‡Qb logos Gi aviYv‡K ÒGKRb gnvhvRK whwb Ck¦‡ii mvg‡b gvby‡li AvZ¥v ’̄vcb

K‡ib,Ó ev ÒCk¦i Ges gvby‡li ga¨Kvi †mZz,Ó ev ÒnvZj hv w`‡q we‡k¦i cvBjU me wKQz cwiPvjbv K‡i _v‡KbÓ

(kosmocrater) wnmv‡e|

N. wØZxq kZvãxi DbœZ Ávbev` ag©ZË¡MZ/`vk©wbK c×wZi wKQy Dcv`vb 1. GKwU ontological (mË¡v ZË¡xq) (AbšÍ) Ø›Øg~~jK ‰ØZev` AvZ¥v Ges e¯‘i g‡a¨ 2. e¯‘ nj g›` Ges GK¸‡q; AvZ¥v nj fvj 3. Ávbev` c×wZ mZ¨ e‡j †g‡b ‡bq ~̀ZM‡Yi Í̄i (aeons) GKRb D”P, fvj ‡èZv Ges GKRb wb¤œZi ‡èZv whwb ‡Kvb

wKQz MVb Ki‡Z cv‡i| ‡KD †KD Ggb `vex K‡i †h GB wb¤œZi †èZv wQ‡jb cyivZb wbq‡gi YHWH (†hgb Marcion)

4. cwiÎvY G‡m‡Q

19

K. K. ‡Mvcb Ávb ev ¸ßgš¿ †hwU GKRb e¨w³‡K my‡hvM †`q Ck¦‡ii mv‡_ Zv‡ì hy³ nevi c‡_ GB ~̀Z‡ì Í̄i cvi Ki‡Z

L. GKwU ¯̂M©xq dzwj½ mKj gvby‡li g‡a¨, †hwUi wel‡q Zviv m‡PZb bq hZÿY bv Zviv †mB ¸ß Ávb jvf K‡i| M. cÖKv‡ki GKRb we‡kl e¨w³MZ cÖwZwbwa ‡h GB ¸ß Ávb mKj gvbeRvwZ‡K †`q (Lªx‡ói AvZ¥v)

5. GB wPšÍvi c×wZ hxïi Hk¦iZ¡ cÖgvY K‡i, wKš‘ Zuvi Avmj Ges `xN©̄ ’vqx †`n aviY Ges ‡K› ª̀xq gyw³i ’̄vb A¯x̂Kvi K‡i!

O. HwZnvwmK Ae¯’vb 1. 1-18 c` nj Beªxq Ges MÖxK wPšÍv Dfq m¤ú©Khy³ Kivi GKwU †Póv logos Uvg© eënv‡ii Øviv| 2. Ávbev‡ì ag©‡`ªvn nj `vk©wbKMZ †cÖÿvcU GB †hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡ii D”P KvVv‡gvMZ m~Pbvi| 1 †hvnb g‡b nq mymgvPv‡ii

Kfvi †jUvi ev f~wgKv cÎ| wPšÍvi ag©ZË¡MZ c×wZ‡K e‡j ÒÁvbev`Ó hv wØZxq kZK ch©šÍ †jLbx‡Z AÁvZ, wKš‘

cÖv_wgK Ávbev‡ì g~jmyi cvIqv hvq g„Z mvM‡ii cvÛywjwc‡Z Ges Philo †Z| 3. Synoptic mymgvPvi¸wj (we‡klfv‡e gvK©) hxïi Ck¦iZ¡ (gkxni †MvcbxqZv) c ©̀v w`‡q iv‡L Kvj‡fix ci ch©šÍ, wKš‘

†hvnb, A‡bK c‡i wj‡L‡Qb, weKwkZ K‡i‡Qb ¸iæZ¡c~Y© g~j fve(themes) hxï m¤ú~Y© Ck¦i Ges m¤ú~Y© gvbyl wn‡m‡e (gbyl¨ cyÎ, whwn 2:1 Ges `vwb. 7:13) cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q|

P. †`Lyb we‡kl welq: 1 †hvnb 1:1 c‡` †hvnb 1 Aa¨vq Zzjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q 1 ‡hvnb 1 Aa¨v‡qi mv‡_|

kã Ges kã¸”Q Aa¨qb

1:1 ÒcÖ_‡gBÓ GwU cÖwZdwjZ K‡i Avw`cy¯ÍK 1:1 c` Ges AviI eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q 1 †hvnb 1:1 c‡` †`navi‡Yi GKwU D‡jøL wnmv‡e| GUv

m¤¢e †h 1 †hvnb wQj mymgvPv‡ii GKwU f~wgKv cÎ| Dfq Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Q Ávbev` wb‡q| 1-5 c` nj GKwU hxï Lªx‡ói m„wói c~e© Hk¦ixK

Aw¯Í‡Z¡i (†hvnb 1:15, 8:56-59, 16:28; 17:5, 2 Kwi 8:9, wdwj. 2:6-7; Kj. 1:17; Beªxq 1:3; 10:5,9)|

bZzb wbqg ewY©Z n‡q‡Q

1. GKwU bZzb m„wó, cZ‡bi Øviv webó bq (A_©vr, Avw` 3:15 gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ cwic~Y©) 2. GKwU bZzb AwaKvi (cÖwZÁvK…Z f~wg) 3. GKwU bZzb hvÎv (cwic~Y© nIqv fveevYx) 4. GKRb bZzb †gvkx (eë ’̄v `vZv) 5. GKRb bZzb wh‡nvk~q (Beªxq 4:8) 6. GKwU bZzb R‡ji Av‰jvwKK NUbv (Beªxq 3-4) 7. bZzb gvbœv (†hvnb 6)

Ges Av‡iv A‡bK, we‡klfv‡e Beªxq‡Z|

we‡kl welq: ARCHĒ (SPECIAL TOPIC: ARCHĒ)

▣ ÒwQ‡jbÓ (wZbevi) GwU GKwU imperfect tense (†hvnb 1:1, 2, 4, 10) †hwU „̀wó †`q AZxZ mg‡q AweiZ Aw¯Í‡Z¡i| GB tense eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q Logos' Gi c~e©-Aw¯ÍZ¡ †`Lv‡Z (†hvnb 8:57-58; 17:5,24; 2 Kwi 8:9; Kj 1:17; Beªxq 10:5-7)| GwU †hvnb 1:3,6 Ges 14 c‡ì Gi aorist tenses Gi mv‡_ wecixZ|

▣ ÒevK¨Ó MÖxK Uvg© logos D‡jøL K‡i GKwU evZ©v, ïay GKwU gvÎ evK¨‡K bq| GB cÖm‡½ GUv nj GKwU Dcvwa †hwU MÖx‡Kiv eënvi Ki‡Zv Òwek¦ KviYÓ eY©bv Ki‡Z Ges Beªxqiv Dcgv wn‡m‡e ÒcÖÁvÓ i mv‡_| †hvnb GB Uvg©wU †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb `vex Ki‡Z †h Ck¦‡ii evK¨ nj GKRb

e¨w³ Ges GKwU evZ©v DfqB| †`Lyb cÖvmw½K AšÍ©̀ „wó, M|

▣ ÒCk¦‡ii m‡½Ó ÒmwnZÓ c¨viv‡d«RW n‡Z cv‡i ÒgyLvgywL|Ó GwU wPwÎZ K‡i AšÍi½ mnfvwMZv| GwU AviI wb‡`k© K‡i GKRb ¯̂M©xq ¯̂Ë¡v Ges wZbwU e¨w³MZ AbšÍ Kvjxb cÖKvk (†`Lyb we‡kl welq: †hvnb 14:16 c‡` wÎË¡)| bZzb wbqg `vex K‡i paradox (¯̂we‡ivwaZv) †h hxï wcZv †_‡K Avjv`v wQ‡jb, wKš‘ AveviI †h wZwb wcZvi mv‡_ GKB|

NASB (Avc‡W‡UW) ‡U·U: ‡hvnb 1:1-5 1

cÖ_‡gB evK¨ wQ‡jb, evK¨ Ck¦‡ii ms‡M wQ‡jb Ges evK¨ wb‡RB Ck¦i wQ‡jb|

2

Avi cÖ_‡gB wZwb Ck¦‡ii ms‡M wQ‡jb|

3

me

wKQzB †mB ev‡Kï Øviv m„ó n‡qwQj, Avi hv wKQz m„ó n‡qwQj †m¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb wKQzB Zvu‡K Qvov m„ó nq wb|

4

Zvui g‡a¨ Rxeb wQj, Ges

†mB RxebB wQj gvby‡li Av‡jv|

5

‡mB Av‡jv AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ R¡j‡Q, wKš‘ AÜKvi Av‡jv‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i wb| (Abyev`K…Z †U·U)|

20

▣ ÒevK¨ wb‡RB Ck¦i wQ‡jbÓ verb ÑwU nj imperfect tense †hgb †hvnb 1:1K

c‡` Av‡Q| ‡Kvb cÖeÜ †bB (†hwU welqwU†K wPwýZ K‡i,

†`Lyb F. F. Bruce, Answers to Questions, p. 66) Theos Gi mv‡_, wKš‘ Theos cÖ_‡g e‡m‡Q MÖxK kã¸‡”Q †Rvi †èvi Rb¨| GB c` Ges †hvnb 1:18 c` nj Logos Gi m¤ú~Y© Ck¦i‡Z¡i c~e© Aw¯Í‡Z¡i kw³kvjx wee„wZ (†hvnb 5:18; 8:58; 10:30; 14:9; 17:11; 20:28; †ivgxq 9:5; Beªxq 1:8; 2 wcZi 1:1)| hxï n‡jb cwic~Y© ¯M̂©xq m‡½ m‡½ cwic~Y© gvbyl (‡hvnb 4:1-3)| wZwb wcZv Ck¦‡ii gZ GKB iKg bb,

wKš‘ wZwb wcZvi gZ GKB ¯̂M©xq mË ¡v|

bZzb wbqg `vex K‡i bvmvi‡Zi hxïi m¤ú~Y© Ck¦iZ¡, wKš‘ wcZvi ¯̂Zš¿ e¨w³Z¡ iÿv K‡i| GKwU ¯̂M©xq Dcv`vb †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q

†hvnb 1:1; 5:18; 10:30,34-38; 14:9-10; Ges 20:28 c‡`, hLb Zv‡ì ¯̂Zš¿Zvq †Rvi †Ìqv n‡q‡Q †hvnb 1:2,14,18; 5:19-23;

8:28; 10:25,29; 14:11,12,13,16 c‡`|

1:2 GwU †hvnb 1:1 c‡ì mv‡_ mgvšÍivj Ges AveviI †Rvi †`q G‡Kk¦iev‡ì Av‡jv‡K ‡mB bvov †Ìqv Pig mZ¨ †h hxï, whwb R‡b¥ wQ‡jb

6-5 Lªxó c~‡e©i KvQvKvwQ, me mgq wcZvi mv‡_ wQ‡jb Ges †mRb¨, Ck¦i|

1:3 Òme wKQzB †mB ev‡Kï Øviv m„ó n‡qwQjÓ GB Logos wQ‡jb wcZvi cÖwZwbwa me `„k¨gvb Ges A`„k¨gvb Dfq m„wói (†hvnb 1:10; 1 Kwi 8:6; Kjmxq 1:16; Beªxq 1:2)| GwU GKB iKg KvR cÖ&Áv †hwU cvjb K‡i MxZ 104:2 Ges wn‡Zv 3:19; 8:12-23 (Beªxq fvlvq ÒcÖÁvÓ nj

feminine gender noun)|

▣ Ò‡Kvb wKQzB Zuv‡K Qvov m„ó nq wbÓ GwU nj ~̀Z aeons welqK Ávbev‡ì åvšÍ wkÿvi hyw³ LÛb, D”P, fvj †èZv Ges nxbZi AvwZ¥K mË¡vi g‡a¨ hv MVb K‡i‡Q, c~e© Aw¯Í‡Z¡i e¯‘mg~n (†`Lyb cÖvmw½K AšÍ©̀ „wó, N)|

1:4 ÒZuvi g‡a¨ Rxeb wQjÓ GB kã¸”Q ‡Rvi †`q †h ÒRxebÓ wb‡RB G‡m‡Q cyÎ, evK¨ †_‡K| †hvnb zoÃ„â€oe Uvg©wU eënvi K‡i‡Qb, cybiæwÌZ Rxeb, AbšÍ Rxeb, Ck¦‡ii Rxeb D‡jøL Ki‡Z (‡hvnb 1:4; 3:15,36; 4;14, 36; 5:24, 26, 29, 39,40; 6:27, 33, 35, 40,

47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 63, 65, BZ¨vw`)| ÒRxebÓ Gi Ab¨ GKwU MªxK Uvg© bios eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q RvMwZK, ˆRweK Rxe‡bi Rb¨ (1 †hvnb 2:16)|

▣ Ò†mB RxebB wQj gvby‡li Av‡jvÓ Av‡jv GKwU cÖPwjZ iƒcK hv †hvnb eënvi K‡i‡Qb Ck¦‡ii mZ¨ Ges Áv‡bi Rb¨ (†hvnb 3:19; 8:12; 9:5; 12:46)| jÿ¨ Kiæb Rxeb wQj mKj gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ (mv¤¢ve¨ Bw½Z MxZ 36:5-9 Gi cÖwZ)! Av‡jv Ges AÜKvi g„Z mvM‡ii cuyw_i

cÖPwjZ g~j welq (themes) wQj| †hvnb cÖvq wb‡R‡K cÖKvk Ki‡Zb ‰ØZ A_©‡evaK (‰emv „̀k¨) Uvg© I †kÖYx wefv‡M|

1:5 ÒAv‡jv AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ R¡j‡QÓ GwU nj present tense, †hwU †evSvq Pjgvb KvR| hxïi me mgq Aw Í̄Z¡ i‡q‡Q, wKš‘ GLb wZwb ¯úófv‡e GB RM‡Z cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Qb (†hvnb 8:12; 9:5; 12:46)| cyivZb wbq‡g Ck¦‡ii ˆ`wnK ev gvbweK cÖKvk cÖvqB wPwýZ Kiv nZ

m`vcÖfzi ~̀Z‡ì mv‡_ (Avw` 16:7-13; 22:11-15; 31:11,13; 48:15-16; hvÎv 3:2,4; 13:21; 14:19; wePvi. 2:1; 6:22-23; 13:3-22;

mLwiq 3:1-2)| ‡KD †KD `vwe K‡ib †h GwU wQj c~e©-‡`navix Logos|

we‡kl welq: m`vcÖfzi ~̀Z (SPECIAL TOPIC: THE ANGEL OF THE LORD)

NASB, NKJV ÒAÜKvi Av‡jv‡K Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i wbÓ NRSV ÒAÜKvi Av‡jvK Rq Ki‡Z cv‡i wbÓ TEV ÒAÜKvi Zv KLbI ỳi Ki‡jv bvÓ NJB ÒAÜKvi Zv civwRZ Ki‡Z cvi‡jv bvÓ

GB Uvg© (katalambanÃ…Â)g~j A_© nj ÒDcjwä Kiv|Ó †m Rb¨, Gi A_© n‡Z cv‡i nq (1) Dcjwä Kiv hv‡Z civRq Kiv hvq (gw_ 16;18) bv nq (2) Dcjwä Kiv hv‡Z ü`qv½g Kiv ev †evSv hvq| †hvnb n‡Z cv‡i GB A¯úóZv eënvi K‡i‡Qb DfqB Bw½Z Ki‡Z|

†hvn‡bi mymgvPvi ‰ewkó¨gwÛZ ˆØZ e¨vL¨v (entendres) w`‡q (A_©vr, Òb~Zb Rb¥ Ges/ev ÒD×© †_‡K Rb¥, Ó 3:3 c` Ges ÒevZvmÓ Ges/ev ÒAvZ¥v,Ó 3:8 c`)|

verb (katalambanÃ…Â) N‡U ‡hvn‡bi †jLvq ‡KejgvÎ ỳÕevi (†hvnb 8:3,4 c‡ì NUbv Avmj bq)| †hvnb 1:5 c‡` AÜKvi‡K †evSv/civf~Z Kiv hvq bv Ges 12:35 c‡` AÜKvi †h †R¨vwZ‡K (hxï/mymgvPvi) cÖZ¨vLvb K‡i Zv‡K aiv n‡e| cÖZ¨vLvb Gi djvdj

nj wØav Ø›Ø; MÖn‡Yi djvdj nj Avivabv!

Manfred T. Brauch, Abusing Scripture, p. 35, gvby‡li Ae¯’v wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb 1. nvivb Ae ’̄v, j~K 15 2. AÜKvi, †hvnb 1:5

21

3. kÎæZv, †ivgxq 5:10 4. wew”QbœZv, Bwdlxq 2:15-17 5. Aavwg©KZv, †ivgxq 1:18 6. Ck¦‡ii Rxeb †_‡K wew”QbœZv, Bwdlxq 4:17-18 7. gvbe RvwZi cv‡ci fvj mvigg© cvIqv hvq †ivgxq 1:18-3:23

1:6-8 GB c`¸wj Ges †hvnb 1:15 c` (ev‡Kï g‡a¨ AbycÖweó (parenthetical) AZx‡Zi Qwe) wjwce× K‡i hxïi wel‡q †hvnb evßvBR‡Ki mvÿ¨| wZwb wQ‡jb cyivZb wbq‡gi me©‡kl fveev`x| GB c`¸wj‡K Kvwe¨Kiƒ‡c emv‡bv KwVb| cwÛZ‡ì g‡a¨ A‡bK weev` i‡q‡Q †h Av‡`Š

gyLeÜwU KweZv ev M`¨ wK bv|

‡hvnb evßvBRK wQ‡jb cyivZb wbq‡gi †kl fveev`x (Zvi evZ©v Ges „̀wófw½i Av‡jv‡K)| wZwb wQ‡jb gvjvLx 3:1 Ges 4:5 c‡ì

fveevYx Kiv AMÖ̀ ~Z (†hvnb 1:20-25)| †cÖwiZ †hvnb nq‡Zv †hvnb 1:6-8 c` hy³ K‡i‡Qb KviY cÖv_wgK fzj †evSveywS ‡hwUi DrcwË n‡qwQj

†hvnb evßvBRK‡K wN‡i (j~K 3:15; †cÖwiZ 18:25; 19:3)| †hvnb, Ab¨ mymgvPv‡ii †jLK‡ì †_‡K c‡i †jLvq, GB mgm¨vwUi e¨vcKZv

†`‡L‡Qb|

GUv jÿ¨ Kiv AvK©lYxq †h Lªxó‡K eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q imperfect tense (c~e©-Aw¯ÍZ¡) verbs, hLb †hvnb‡K eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q aorist (mg‡qi cÖKv‡k) Ges perfect tense (GKwU HwZnvwmK NUbv `xN©̄ ’vqx djvdjmn) verbs ( †hvnb 1;6)| hxïi Aw Í̄Z¡ memgq wQj|

1:7 Ò†hb mK‡j Zvi mvÿ¨ ï‡b wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡iÓ GwU nj GKwU purpose clause| †hvn‡bi mymgvPvi, Ab¨ mKj mymgvPv‡ii (GKwU ¯̂Zš¿ Lªxwóq aiY) gZ, GKwU mygvPvi cÖPvig~jK †QvU eB| GwU mK‡ji Rb¨ cwiÎv‡Yi PgrKvi `vb hviv Lªxó‡Z wek¦v‡mi Abykxjb K‡i, whwb GB

RM‡Zi †R¨vwZ (†hvnb 1:12; †hvnb 3:16; 4:42; 20:31; 1 Zxg. 2:11; 2 wcZi 3:9; 1 †hvnb 2:1; 4:14)|

1:7,12 Òwek¦vm K‡iÓ GB verb wU eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q †hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡i 78 evi, 24 evi †hvn‡bi c‡Î| GUv AvKl©Yxq †h †hvn‡bi mymgvPvi KL‡bv GB noun iƒc eënvi K‡i wb, ïaygvÎ verb| wek¦vm cÖv_wgKfv‡e GKwU †gavMZ ev Av‡eMMZ mvov bq, wKš‘ gyjZ GKwU †¯”̂QvK…Z mvov `vb| GB MÖxK Uvg©wU Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q wZbwU Bs‡iRx Uvg© Øviv: wek¦vm Kiv, wbf©iZv, Ges wek¦vm| GwU ÒZuv‡K ¯v̂MZ Rvbv‡bvÓ (†hvnb

1:11), Ges ÒZv‡K MÖnY KivÓ-i m‡½ mgvšÍivj (†hvnb 1:12)| cwiÎvY Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖ‡n webvg~‡j¨ `Ë Ges Lªx‡ói m¤ú~©Y Kiv KvR, wKš‘ G‡K

Aek¨B MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| cwiÎvY nj wbq‡gi GKwU m¤ú©K we‡kl myweav Ges `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_|

we‡kl welq: wek¦vm Kiv, wbf©iZv A_ev wek¦vm (SPECIAL TOPIC: FAITH, BELIEVE, OR TRUST)

1:8 GwU m¤¢e †h ‡cÖwiZ †hvnb, Ab¨ mymgvPvi †jLK‡ì †_‡K A‡bK c‡i †jLvq, mgm¨vwU wPwýZ K‡iwQ‡jb hv †hvnb evßvBR‡Ki wek¦vmx‡ì

g‡a¨ weKwkZ n‡qwQj hviv KL‡bv †kv‡b wb ev MÖnY K‡iwb hxï‡K (†cÖwiZ 18:25-19:7)|

we‡kl welq: hxïi wel‡q mvÿ¨`vb (SPECIAL TOPIC: WITNESSES TO JESUS)

1:9 ÒAvmj Av‡jvÓ GwU ÒmZ¨Ó cÖK…Z ev ev Í̄e A‡_©, ïay Am‡Zï wecix‡Z bq| GwU m¤ú©Khy³ n‡Z cv‡i cÖ_g kZvãxi mKj fÛ

Christologies mv‡_| GwU †hvn‡bi †jLvq GKwU cÖPwjZ adjective (†hvnb 4:23,37; 6:32; 7:28; 15:1; 17:3; 19:35 Ges 1 †hvnb 2:8; 5:20 Ges cÖKvwkZ ev‡K¨ `kevi)| †`Lyb we‡kl welq: mZ¨ †hvnb 6:55 c‡` Ges RMZ ‡hvnb 14:17 c‡`| hxï n‡jb GB RM‡Zi

‡R¨vwZ (†hvnb 3:19; 8:12; 9:5; 12:46; 1 †hvnb 1:5,7; 2:8,9,10)| wek¦vmxiv Zvi GB †R¨vwZ cÖwZdwjZ Ki‡e (wdwj. 2:15)| GwU cÖK…Z

AÜKv‡ii mv‡_ wZÿè Zzjbv †hwU m„wó‡Z G‡m‡Q KviY we‡`ªvn

6. gvb‡ei 7. ¯M̂©̀ ~Z‡ì


Ck¦i GKRb †jvK‡K cvVv‡jb, Zvi bvg †hvnb|

7

wZwb Av‡jvi wel‡q mv¶x wnmv‡e mv¶¨ w`‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb, †hb mK‡j Zvui mv¶¨

ï‡b wek¦vm Ki‡Z cv‡i|

8

‡hvnb wb‡R †mB Av‡jv wQ‡jb bv, wKš‘ †mB Av‡jvi wel‡q mv¶¨ w`‡Z G‡mwQ‡jb| (Abyev`K…Z †U·U)|


‡mB Avmj Av‡jv, whwb cÖ‡Z¨K gvbyl‡K Av‡jv `vb K‡ib, wZwb RM‡Z AvmwQ‡jb|

10

wZwb RM‡ZB wQ‡jb, Ges RMr Zvui ØvivB

m„ó n‡qwQj, Zey RM‡Zi gvbyl Zvu‡K wPbj bv|

11

wZwb wb‡Ri †`‡k Avm‡jb, wKš‘ Zvui wb‡Ri †jv‡KivB Zvu‡K MÖnY Kij bv|

12

Z‡e hZRb

Zuvi bv‡g wek¦vm K‡i Zuv‡K MÖnY Kij, Zv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨K‡K wZwb Ck¦‡ii mšÍvb nevi AwaKvi w`‡jb|

13

GB †jvK‡ì Rb¥ i³ †_‡K nq wb,

kvixwiK Kvgbv ev cyiæ‡li evmbv †_‡KI nq wb, wKš‘ Ck¦i †_‡KB n‡q‡Q| (Abyev`K…Z †U·U)|

22

▣ ÒRM‡Z AvmwQ‡jbÓ †hvnb GB kã¸”Q cÖvqB eënvi K‡i‡Qb hxï ¯̂M©, AvwZ¥K ivR¨ †Q‡o, ˆ`wnK mgq I ’̄v‡bi iv‡R¨ cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Qb D‡jøL Ki‡Z (†hvnb 6:14; 9:39; 11:27; 12:46; 16:28)| GB c‡` GwU g‡b nq wb‡`©k K‡i hxïi †`naviY| GwU GKwU cÖPwjZ ‰ØZev`

Johanine (†hvn‡bi †jLbxmg~n) mvwn‡Z¨ (A_©vr, Dci ebvg wb‡P)|

NASB ÒmKj gvbyl‡K Av‡jv `vb K‡ibÓ NKJV ÒmKj gvbyl‡K Av‡jv †`bÓ NRSV ÒcÖ‡Z¨K‡K Av‡jvwKZ K‡ibÓ TEV ÒmKj ‡jvK‡K D¾j K‡ibÓ NJB Òhv mKj gvbyl‡K Av‡jv †`qÓ

GB evK¨vskwU ỳBfv‡e †evSv †h‡Z cv‡i| cÖ_gZ, GKwU MÖxK mvs¯‹…wZK cUf~wg a‡i †bevi Øviv, GUv wb‡`k© K‡i cÖwZwU gvby‡li

cÖKv‡ki GKwU Avf¨všÍixb Av‡jv, ¯M̂©xq dzwj½| GB Dcv‡q Quakers GB c`wU Abyev` K‡i| hv‡nvK, GB ai‡Yi aviYv KL‡bv †hvn‡b ‡`Lv hvq bv| KviY †hvn‡b, Ò‡R¨vwZÓ cÖKvk K‡i gvbeRvwZi g›`Zv (†hvnb 3:19-21)|

wØZxqZ, GwU wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cv‡i ‡Kvb cÖvK…wZK cÖKvk bq (†hUv Ck¦i cÖK„wZi ga¨ w`‡q Rv‡b [MxZ 19:1-5; †ivgxq 1:19-20] ev

GKwU Avf¨šÍixY ‰bwZK A‡_© [‡ivgxq 2:14-5]), wKš‘ Ck¦‡ii `xwß `vb Ges hxïi g‡a¨ w`‡q cwiÎv‡Yi `vb, GKgvÎ mZ¨ †R¨vwZ|

1:10 ÒRMZÓ †hvnb kosmos Uvg©wU eënvi K‡i‡Qb wZbwU ¯Ẑš¿ Dcv‡q| 1. ev Í̄e wek¦ (†hvnb 1:10,11; 11:9; 16:21; 17:5,24; 21:25) 2. mKj gvbeRvwZ (†hvnb 1:10,29; 3:16,17; 4:42; 6:33; 12:19,46-47; 18:20) 3. cwZZ gvbe mgvR mymsMwVZ Ges Ck¦i‡K QvovB KvR Ki‡Q (†hvnb 7:7; 15:18-19; 1 †hvnb 2:15; 3:1,13)

GB cÖm‡½ #2 cÖ‡hvR¨| †`Lyb we‡kl welq †hvnb 14:17 c‡`|

▣ ÒRMZ Zuv‡K wPbj bvÓ cwZZ ciRvwZ ev g‡bvbxZ whû`x RvwZ †KDB hxï‡K cÖwZkÖæZ gkxn& wnmv‡e ¯̂xKvi K‡i wb| Uvg© ÒRvbvÓ cÖwZdwjZ K‡i †gavMZ Aby‡gvw`Z Z‡_ï PvB‡Z ekx AšÍi½ m¤ú©‡Ki GKwU Beªxq evMaviv (Avw` 4;1; whi 1:5)|

we‡kl welq: Rvbv (wØZxq weeiY‡K †ewki fvM GKwU PARADIGM wnmv‡e eënvi K‡i) (SPECIAL TOPIC: KNOW (USING MOSTLY DEUTERONOMY AS A PARADIGM)

1:11 ÒwZwb wb‡Ri †`‡k Avm‡jb, wKš‘ Zvui wb‡Ri †jv‡KivB Zvu‡K MÖnY Kij bvÓ ÒZuvnvi wb‡RiÓ eëüZ n‡q‡Q ỳÕevi †hvnb 1:11 c‡`| cÖ_g

e¨vKiYMZ iƒc nj neuter plural Ges cÖwZdwjZ K‡i (1) mKj m„wó ev (2) †fŠMwjKfv‡e whn~`v ev whiƒkv‡jg| wØZxqwU nj masculine plural Ges wb‡`k K‡i whn~`x †jvK‡ì|

1:12 ÒwKš‘ hZ ‡jvK Zuv‡K MÖnY KijÓ GwU †`Lvq cwiÎv‡Y gvbeRvwZi Ask (†hvnb 1;16)| gvbeRvwZ‡K Aek¨B mvov w`‡Z n‡e Lªx‡ói ga¨

w`‡q Ck¦‡ii †Ìqv AbyMÖ‡ni `v‡b (†hvnb 3:16; †ivgxq 3:24; 4:4-5; 6:23; 10:9-13; Bwdlxq 2:8-9)| Ck¦i wbwðZfv‡e mve©‡fŠg,

ZviciI Zuvi mve©‡fŠg‡Z¡ wZwb cÖewZ©Z K‡i‡Qb GKwU kZ©hy³ wbq‡gi m¤ú©K cwZZ gvbeRvwZi mv‡_| cwZZ gvbeRvwZi Aek¨B gb cwieZ©b,

wek¦vm Ki‡Z n‡e, eva¨ n‡Z n‡e Ges wek¦v‡m âh©̈ aviY Ki‡Z n‡e|

ÒMÖnY KiviÓ GB aviYvwU ag©ZË¡MZfv‡e mgvšÍivj Òwek¦vm KivÓ Ges Ò¯̂xKvi KivÓ Gi mv‡_, †hwU cÖKvk K‡i Rb mg‡ÿ Lªxó wnmv‡e

hxï‡Z wek¦vm †Nvlbv Kiv (gw_ 10:32; j~K 12:8; †hvnb 9:22; 12:42; 1 Zxg. 6:12; 1 †hvnb 2:23; 4:15)| cwiÎvY nj GKwU Dcnvi hv

Aek¨B MÖnY Ges ¯̂xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e|

hviv hxï‡K ÒMÖnYÓ K‡i (1:2) Zviv wcZv‡K MÖnY K‡i whwb Zuv‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb (†hvnb 13:20; gw_ 10:40)| cwiÎvY nj GKwU

e¨w³MZ m¤ú©K wÎË¡ Ck¦‡ii mv‡_|

▣ ÒwZwb AwaKvi w`‡jbÓ GB MÖxK Uvg©wUi (A_©vr, exousia) A_© n‡Z cv‡i (1) AvBbMZ KZ„©cÿ ev (2) AwaKvi ev myweav (†hvnb 5:27; 17:2; 19:10,11)| hxïi cyÎZ¡ Ges ¯̂M©xq Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ w`‡q cwZZ gvbeRvwZ GLb Ck¦i‡K Rvb‡Z Ges Zuv‡K Ck¦i Ges wcZv wnmv‡e ¯x̂Kvi

Ki‡Z cv‡i|

▣ ÒCk¦‡ii mšÍvb neviÓ b~Zb wbq‡gi †jL‡Kiv cÖwZwbqZ cvwievwiK iƒcK eënvi K‡i‡Qb LªxwóZË¡ eY©bv Ki‡Z: (1) wcZv; (2) cyÎ; (3) mšÍvb; (4) b~Zb Rb¥; Ges (5) `ËK MÖnY| LªxwóqZË¡ GKwU cwiev‡ii Abyiƒc, GKwU e ‘̄ bq (¯̂‡M© hvevi wUwKU, AwMœ exgv)| Lªx‡ó wek¦vmxiv

b~Zb eschatological (‡klKvjxb gZev`) ÒCk¦‡ii †jvKÓ n‡q‡Qb| mšÍvb wn‡m‡e Avgv‡ì DwPZ wcZvi PwiÎ cÖwZdwjZ Kiv, †hfv‡e

23

ÒAwØZxqÓ (†hvnb 1:14; 3:16) cyÎ K‡i‡Qb (Bwd. 5:1; 1 †hvnb 2:29; 3:3)| cvcx‡ì Rb¨ wK we¯§qKi Dcvwag (†hvnb 11;52; †ivgxq

8:14,16,21; 9:8; wdwj. 2:15; 1 †hvnb 3:1,2,10; 5:2; †nv‡kq 1:10 Dw³ Kiv †ivgxq 9:26 G Ges 2 Kwi. 6:18)|

GUv AviI AvKl©Yxq mšÍv‡bi Rb¨ `yBwU MÖxK Uvg©, GKwU me mgq eëüZ n‡q‡Q hxïi (huios) Rb¨, hLb Ab¨wU (teknon, tekna) eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q wek¦vmx‡ì Rb¨| Lªxwóqvbiv nj Ck¦‡ii mšÍvb, wKš‘ Zviv Ck¦‡ii cyÎ, hxïi gZ GKB †kÖYx‡Z c‡o bv| Zuvi m¤ú©K nj

AwØZxq, wKš‘ Abyiƒc|

ÒgÛjxÓ (ekklÃ„â€oesia) kãwU gvK©, j~K ev †hvn‡b †`Lv hvq bv| Zviv cvwievwiK iƒcK eënvi K‡i‡Q bZzb MwZkxj e¨w³ Ges AvZ¥vi †hŠ_ mnfvwMZvi|

▣ Òhviv wek¦vm K‡iÓ GwU GKwU present active participle A_© Òhviv AweiZ wek¦vm Ki‡Q|Ó GB Uv‡g©i DrcwËMZ cUf~wg mvnvh¨ K‡i mgmvgwqK A_© cÖwZôv Ki‡Z| Beªxq‡Z GwU g~jZ wb‡`©k K‡i GKRb e¨w³ GKwU w ’̄wZkxj Ae¯’v‡b| GwU eëüZ n‡Z cv‡i iƒcKfv‡e KviI

Rb¨ whwb wQ‡jb wbf©i‡hvM¨, AbyMZ ev wbf©i‡hvM¨| MÖxK mgZzj¨ Bs‡iRx‡Z Abyev` Kiv n‡q‡Q †h Uvg© Øviv (Òwek¦vm,Ó wek¦vm Kiv,Ó Ges

Òwbf©iZvÓ)| evB‡ej wfwËK wek¦vm ev wbf©iZv nj cÖv_wgKfv‡e Avgiv wKQz Kwi bv, wKš‘ †KD GKRb hvi Dci Avgiv Avgv‡ì wbf©iZv ivwL|

GUv Ck¦‡ii wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv, Avgv‡ì bq, †mwUB nj jÿ¨| cwZZ gvbeRvwZ Ck¦‡ii wbfi© †hvM¨Zvq wbf©i K‡i, Zvi wek¦̄ ÍZvq wek¦vm K‡i, Zvi

wcÖqZ‡g wek¦vm K‡i| jÿ¨ GLv‡b gvby‡li wek¦v‡mi cÖvPzh ©̈Zv ev cÖejZvi Dc‡i bq, wKš‘ †mB wek¦v‡mi e ‘̄‡Z| †`Lyb we‡kl welq †hvnb 1:7

Ges 2:23 c‡`|

▣ ÒZuvi bv‡gÓ cyivZb wbq‡g †Kvb e¨w³i bvg LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wQj| GUv wQj GKwU Avkvc~Y©/mv¤¢ve¨ fwel¨ZevYx Zv‡ì Pwi‡Îi wel‡q ev Zv‡ì Pwi‡Îi GKwU eY©bvi| bv‡g wek¦vm Kiv A_© e¨w³‡K wek¦vm Ges MÖnY Kiv (†hvnb 2:23, 3:18; 20:31; 1 †hvnb 5;13)| †`Lyb we‡kl welq :

m`vcÖfzi bvg †hvnb 14:13-14|

1:13 NASB, NKJV, NRSV ÒGB †jvK‡ì Rb¥ i³ †_‡K nq wb, kvixwiK Kvgbv ev cyiæ‡li evmbv †_‡KI nq wb, wKš‘ Ck¦i †_‡KB n‡q‡QÓ TEV ÒZviv RvMwZK Dcv‡q Ck¦‡ii mšÍvb n‡Z cv‡i bv, A_©vr, gvbweK wcZvi Øviv R‡b¥ Rb¥ Ges Zvi mšÍvb nqÓ NJB ÒZviv RvZ gvby‡li Dcv‡q ev gvswmK AvMÖ‡n ev gvby‡li B”Qvq bqÓ

wKQz wKQz cÖv_wgK gÛjxi Avw`wcZviv (A_©vr, Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine) GB kã¸”Q‡K †`‡L‡Qb hxïi D‡jøL wnmv‡e (A_©vr, GKePb), wKš‘ Awff~ZKvix MÖxK †jLbxMZ cÖgv‡bi i‡q‡Q en~ePb (GB k‡ãi eûePb b~Zb

wbq‡g †Kej GLv‡bB cvIqv hvq; UBS4 G‡K ÒAÓ †iU K‡i‡Q), hvi A_© GB c` D‡jøL Ki‡Q hxï‡Z wek¦vmx‡ì (†hvnb 3:5; 1 wcZi 1:3, 23), †mRb¨, GwU †Kvb eskMZ my‡hvM myweavi D‡jøL K‡i bv ev †Kvb gvbweK †hŠbZv exR (AvÿwiK, Òi³Ó), wKš‘g Ck¦‡ii g‡bvbqb Ges hviv

Zuvi cy‡Î wbf©iZv iv‡L Zv‡ì AvKl©Y (†hvnb 6:44,65)| 12 Ges 13 c` †`Lvq wbqgMZ mgZv Ck¦‡ii mve©‡fŠgZ¡ I gvbweK mvov cÖ̀ v‡bi

Avek¨KZi g‡a¨|

MÖxK verb (aorist passive indicative) †Rvi †èvi Rb¨ MÖxK ev‡Kï †k‡l ivLv n‡q‡Q| GwU ¸iæZ¡ †`q wØZxq R‡b¥ Ck¦‡ii mve©‡fŠg Kv‡Ri Avi‡¤¢i (A_©vr, ÒwKš‘ Ck¦‡ii,Ó ‡hwU P~ovšÍ kã¸‡”Qi Ask, †hvnb 6:44,65)|

1:14 ÒevK¨ gvbyl n‡q Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡jbÓ †hvnb Ávbev`x‡ì åvšÍ wkÿv‡K AvµgY K‡i‡Qb, hviv †Póv KiwQj Lªxó ag©‡K MÖxK †cŠËwjK wPšÍvi

mv‡_ mgšq̂ Kivi| hxï wQ‡jb mwZ¨Kvi gvbyl Ges mwZ¨Kvi Ck¦i (1 †hvnb 4:1-3) B¤§vb~‡q‡ji cÖwZÁvi c~Y©Zv (whkv 7:14)| Ck¦i gvbe iƒc

aviY K‡i cwZZ gvb‡ei g‡a¨ evm Ki‡jb (AvÿwiK fv‡e, ÒZuvi Zv¤̂yi †ÿÎÓ)| †hvn‡b ÒgvsmÓ Uvg©wU KLbB †cŠ‡ji †jLbxi gZ cvc

¯f̂ve‡K D‡jøL K‡i bvB|

we‡kl welq: gvsm (SARX) (SPECIAL TOPIC: FLESH (SARX))


‡mB evK¨B gvbyl n‡q Rb¥MÖnY Ki‡jb, Ges Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ evm Ki‡jb, wcZv Ck¦‡ii GKgvÎ cyÎ wnmv‡e Zvui †h gwngv, †mB

gwngv Avgiv †`‡LwQ, wZwb AbyMÖn I m‡Z¨ c~Y©|

15

‡hvnb Zvui wel‡q †Rvi Mjvq mv¶¨ w`‡q ej‡jb, ÒDwbB †mB †jvK hvui wel‡q Avwg

e‡jwQjvg, Ôwhwb Avgvi c‡i Avm‡Qb wZwb Avgvi †P‡q gnvb, KviY wZwb Avgvi A‡bK Av‡M †_‡KB Av‡Qb|ÕÓ

16

Avgiv mK‡j Zvui †mB

c~Y©Zv †_‡K, `qvi Dc‡i AviI `qv †c‡qwQ|

17

‡gvwki ga¨ w`‡q AvBb-Kvbyb †Ìqv n‡qwQj; wKš‘ hxï Lªx‡ói ga¨ w`‡q AbyMÖn I mZ¨

G‡m‡Q|

18

Ck¦i‡K †KD KLbI †`‡L wb; wcZvi †µv‡o _vKv GKgvÎ cyÎ whwb wb‡RB Ck¦i, wZwbB Zvu‡K cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb| (Abyev`K…Z

†U·U)|

24

▣ ÒAvgv‡ì g‡a¨ evm Ki‡jbÓ AvÿwiK fv‡e, GwU nj ÒAvkÖq wb‡jb|Ó Gi GKwU whn~`x †cÖÿvcU i‡q‡Q cÖvšÍ‡i cwiågY Ges mgvMg Zv¤̂y †_‡K (cÖKv 7:15; 21:3)| whn~`xiv cieZx©Kv‡j GB cÖvšÍi AwfÁZv‡K e‡j‡Q ÒgayPw›`ªgvi mgqKvjÓ YHWH Ges B ª̄v‡qjxq‡ì g‡a¨| Ck¦i GB mgq Qvov Avi †Kvb mgqB B¯ªv‡qjxq‡ì GZ Kv‡Q Av‡mb bvB| we‡kl Hk¦ixK †gN hv Zv‡ì †m mg‡q c_ wb‡ ©̀k Ki‡Zv& ‡mwUi Rb¨

whn~`x Uvg© Ò the Shekinah,Ó Avi Beªxq Uvg© Òmv‡_ emevm|Ó

▣ ÒAvgiv Zuvi gwngv †`‡LwQÓ cyivZb wbq‡gi kabod (gwngv) GLb e¨w³iƒc, †`naviY K‡i‡Q| GwU D‡jøL K‡i (1) hxïi Rxe‡bi wKQz GKUv †hgb iƒcvšÍi ev ¯̂M©‡ivnb (A_©vr, ˆcÖwiwZK mvÿ¨, 2 wcZi 1:16-17) ev (2) GB aviYv †h A „̀k¨ YHWH GLb m¤ú~Y© `„k¨gvb Ges m¤ú~Y©fv‡e ÁvZ| Gi 1 †hvnb 1:1-4 c‡ì gZ GB ¸iæZ¡, †hwU AviI ¸iæZ¡ †`q hxïi gvbweKZvi Dc‡i, wVK wecwiZ åvšÍ Ávbev‡ì ¸iæZ¡

`vb AvZ¥v Ges e ‘̄i m¤ú‡K©i g‡a¨Kvi weiæ×Zvi Dc‡i|

cyivZb wbq‡g Ògwngvi (kabod, BDB 458) Rb¨ me‡P‡q cÖPwjZ Beªxq kã wQj g~jZ GKwU evwYwR¨K Uvg© (†hwU D‡jøL K‡i `vwocvjøv), AvÿwiK fv‡e, Òfvix n‡e|Ó †hwU fvix wQj Zv wQj gyjëvb ev mnRvZ g~j¨ i‡q‡Q| cÖvqB D¾jZvi aviYv hy³ n‡qwQj k‡ãi m‡½

Ck¦‡ii ivRKxqZv eY©bv Ki‡Z (A_©vr, cÖZ‡g wmbvB ce©‡Z, Shekinah †gN ev gwngv, eschatological (‡klKvjxb gZev`) †R¨vwZ, hvÎv 13:21-22; 24:17; whkv 4:5; 60:1-2)| GKgvÎ wZwbB †hvM¨ Ges m¤§vbxq| cwZZ gvby‡li †`Lvi Rb¨ wZwb LyeB D¾j (hvÎv 33:17-23;

whkv 6:5)| Ck¦i GKgvÎ mwZ¨Kvi fv‡e Rvbv hvq Lªx‡ói gva¨‡g (†hvnb 1:14, 18; Kj 1:15; Beªxq 1:3)|

we‡kl welq: gwngv (DOXA) (SPECIAL TOPIC: GLORY (DOXA))

NASB, NKJV Ò†hgb wcZv ‡_‡K Avmv GKRvZ cy‡Îi gwngvÓ NRSV Ò†hgb wcZv †_‡K Avmv GKgvÎ cy‡Îi gwngvÓ TEV ÒwcZvi GKgvÎ cyÎ wnmv‡e †h gwngv wZwb jvf K‡iwQ‡jbÓ NJB ÒZuvi ‡h gwngv Zv wcZvi GKgvÎ cyÎ wnmv‡eÓ

GB Uvg© ÒGKgvÎÓ(monogenēs) A_© ÒAwØZxq,Ó ÒGKB iK‡gi GKwUÓ (†hvnb 3:16,18; 1 †hvnb 4:9, †`Lyb F. F.Bruce, Answers to Questions, pp. 24-25)| Vulgate G‡K Abyev` K‡i‡Q ÒGKRvZÓ Ges, ỳ:LRbK fv‡e, cyivZb BsivRx Abyev` mg~n GwUB AbymiY K‡i‡Q (j~K 7:12; 8:42; 9:38; Beªxq 11:17)| jÿ¨ PgrKvwiZ¡ Ges AwØZxqZvi Dc‡i, ‰`wnK cÖRb¥ bq|

▣ ÒwcZvÓ cyivZb wbqg cwiwPZ K‡i‡Q wcZv wnmv‡e Ck¦i‡K Nwbó cvwievwiK iƒc‡Ki gva¨‡g| 1. B¯ªv‡qj RvwZ‡K cÖvqB eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q YHWH Gi ÒcyÎÓ wnmv‡e (†nv‡kq 11:1; gvjvLx 3:17) 2. GgbwK wØZxq weei‡Yi Av‡M wcZv wnmv‡e Ck¦‡ii Dcgv eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q (wØ we 1:31) 3. wØZxq weeiY 32 Aa¨v‡q B ª̄v‡qj‡K ÒZuvi mšÍvbÓ ejv n‡q‡Q Ges Ck¦&i‡K ejv n‡q‡Q Ò‡Zvgvi wcZvÓ 4. GB Dcgv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q MxZ 103:13 Ges Dbœqb n‡q‡Q MxZ 68:5 c‡` (Abv_‡ì wcZv) 5. GwU fveev`x‡Z Lye cÖPwjZ wQj (whkv 1:2; 63:8; cyÎ wnmv‡e B ª̄v‡qj, wcZv wnmv‡e Ck¦i, 63:16; 64:8; whi 3:4,19; 31:9)|

hxï GB Dcgv MÖnY K‡i‡Qb Ges G‡K MfxiZv w`‡q‡Qb m¤ú~Y© cvwievwiK mnfvwMZvq, we‡kl K‡i †hvn‡b 1:14,18; 2:16; 3:35;4:21,23;

5:17, 18,19,20,21,22,23,26,36,37,43,45; 6:27,32,37,44,45,46,57; 8:16,19,27,28,38,42,49,54;10:15,17,18, 25,29,30,

32, 36 37,38; 11:41;12:26,27,28,49,50; 13:1;14:2,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,16,20,21,23,24,26,28,31; 15:1,8,9,10,15,16,23,

24,26; 16:3,10,15,17,23,25,26,27,28,32; 17:1,5,11,21,24,25; 18:11; 20:17,21!

▣ ÒAbyMÖn I m‡Z¨ c~Y©Ó GB mgš̂q Abymib Ki‡Q cyivZb wbq‡gi Uvg© hesed (wbq‡gi fvjevmv Ges AvbyMZ¨) Ges emeth (wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv) †h¸wj eëüZ Ges cÖmvwiZ n‡q‡Q hvÎv 34:6; bwn 9:17; MxZ 103:8 c‡`, Dfq kã GKmv‡_ G‡m‡Q wn‡Zv 16:6 c‡`| GwU eY©bv Ki‡Q

cyivZb wbq‡gi Uv‡g© hxïi PwiÎ (†hvnb 1:17)| †hvnb 6:55 Ges 17:3 c‡` mZ¨ m¤ú‡K© we‡kl welq †`Lyb|

we‡kl welq: ‡cÖgc~Y© gnvbyfeZv (HESED) (SPECIAL TOPIC: LOVINGKINDNESS (HESED)

we‡kl welq: cyivZb wbq‡g wek¦vm Kiv, wbf©iZv, wek¦vm, Ges wek¦̄ ÍZv (Ã—Å¸Ã—Å¾Ã—Â) (SPECIAL TOPIC: BELIEVE, TRUST, FAITH, AND FAITHFULNESS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT (Ã— Å¸Ã—Å¾Ã—Â)

1:15 ÒKviY wZwb Avgvi A‡bK Av‡M †_‡K Av‡QbÓ GwU evwß®§`vZv †hvn‡bi wkÿv hxïi c~e© Aw¯ÍZ¡ m¤ú‡K© `„p wbðqZv (†hvnb 1:1; 8:56-59;

25

16:28; 17:5; 2 Kwi 8:9; wdwj 2:6-7; Kj 1:17; Beªxq 1:3; 10:5-8)| c~e© Aw¯ÍZ¡ Ges fwel¨r evYx g~jK fveevYx wbðqZv K‡i †h mevi

Dc‡i GKRb Ck¦i Av‡Qb Ges whwb BwZnv‡miI D‡×©, Z_vwc wZwb BwZnv‡mi g‡a¨B KvR K‡ib| GwU Lªxwóq/evB‡ej wfwËK wek¦ `k©‡bi GKwU

ALÛ Ask|

▣ GB c`wU weeªZKi Ges A‡bK AbywjwcKviK‡ì cwieZ©‡bi KviY hviv †Póv K‡i‡Q †jLbx‡K e¨vL¨v I mnRZi Ki‡Z| †`Lyb Bruce M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament, pp. 197-198| GwU GQvovI GKwU fvj D`vniY wKfv‡e MÖxK verb tenses gvbm¤§Z n‡Z cv‡i bv| GwU nj PRESENT tense wjwce× AZx‡Zi KvR| †`Lyb cwiwkó GK|

1:16-18 †hvn‡bi mymgvPv‡ii GKwU êwkó¨ nj wKfv‡e †jLK Zvi wb‡Ri gšÍe¨ w`‡q HwZnvwmK NUbv, K‡_vcK_b, ev wkÿv mfv‡K fvM

K‡i‡Qb| cÖvqB GwU cv_©K¨ Kiv Am¤¢e n‡q ùvovq hxï, Ab¨ †jvK Ges †hvn‡bi K_vi g‡a¨| †ewki fvM cwÛZ †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb †h †hvnb

1:16-19 c` †jLK †hvn‡bi gšÍe¨ (†hvnb 3:14-21)|

1:16 Òc~Y©ZvÓ GwU GKwU MÖxK Uvg© pleroma| Ávbev‡ì wg_¨v wkÿ‡Kiv GwU eënvi Ki‡Zb D”P †èZv I wb¤œZi AvwZ¥K mË¡vi g‡a¨Kvi `~Z‡ì hyM(aeons) eY©bv Ki‡Z| hxï wQ‡jb †KejgvÎ ga¨¯’ZvKvix (A_©vr, mZ¨ Ges GKgvÎ cyY©Zv) Ck¦i I gvby‡li g‡a¨ (Kj 1:19; 2:9; Bwd 1:23; 4:13)| GLv‡b Avevi g‡b nq †cÖwiZ †hvnb cÖv_wgK Ávbev‡ì ev Í̄eZvi „̀wófw½i Dc‡i AvµgY K‡i‡Qb|

NASB, NRSV ÒAvi AbyMÖ‡ni Dc‡i AbyMÖnÓ NKJV ÒAviAbyMÖ‡ni Rb¨ AbyMÖnÓ TEV ÒAvgv‡ì GKwUi ci GKwU Avkxe©v` Ki‡QbÓ NJB ÒGKwU `vb Avi GKwU `v‡bi RvqMv wb‡”QÓ

e¨vL¨vg~jK cÖkœ nj wKfv‡e ÒAbyMÖnÓ eyS‡Z n‡e| GUv wK

1. cwiÎvY ch©šÍ Lªx‡ó Ck¦‡ii `qv 2. Lªxwóq Rxe‡bi Rb¨ Ck¦‡ii `qv 3. b~Zb wbq‡g Lªx‡ói g‡a¨ w`‡q Ck¦‡ii `qv?

g~j wPšÍv nj ÒAbyMÖnÓ; Ck¦‡ii AbyMÖn PgrKvi fv‡e hxïi †`navi‡Y †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| cwZZ gvb‡ei Rb¨ hxï n‡jb Ck¦‡ii Ònu¨vÓ (2 Kwi 1:20)|

wd« evB‡ej K‡gw›Uª - Free Bible Commentaryhyw³m¤§Z cÖwµqv eYb© v Kiv mnR| Avgv‡`i Aek¨B g~j cv‡Vi mv‡_ mymvgÄm¨c~Y ©I b¨vqm½Z n‡Z n‡e Ges Avgv‡`i e¨w³MZ

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