Water Shortage and Adaptation to Climate Change

1 Climate change and meteorological disaster in China1-1 Temperature and precipitation Change

1-2 Moteorological disaster

1-3 Water shortage

2 what we can do is to develop our adaptability Water Resoure

shortage2-1 Water usage measures

2-2 Basic infrastructures for agricultural irrigation

2-3 Raise land surface plant coverage

2-4 Sea water desalinification

2-5Sea ice desalinification

3 Government support 3-1 Policy support

3-2 Research project support

1-1 Temperature changein China

1957-2006年中国年平均气温变化幅度

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

In the past 50 years,the temperature cames higher, specially in northern area

（单位：℃

/50

年）

（中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center ）

75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

-60

-45

-30

-15

0

15

30

45

1957-2006年中国年降水量变化幅度

（中国气象局国家气候中心, China climate center）

Western/southern increased；northern and northeast decreased.Most northern areas

decreased 20-40mm each 10 year, Western/southern increased 20-60mm each 10year.

（单位：%

/50

年）

Flood1-2 Meteorological disaster

Flood Loss

Typhoon frequency

Typhoon paths

Typhoon disaster

Typhoon and Loss

Ice snow frequency

Snow disaster and loss

Dust storms

Dust storm and loss

1-3 Water Resourcessevere water shortage

in bohai region• The total amount of water resources in bohai region of China,

namely that of the provinces of LN, HB, SD, TJ is 2% of China. The per capita water resource volume is lower than 500m3, whereas that of the world is approximately 8300m3,which inhibits the sustainable development of the economy.

Face to water shortage, It has exploited underground

water sources, water channeling and many other

measures. Problems closely related to water pollution,

health, damages to coastal ecosystems and reduction

of biodiversity has been gathering researchers’

attention, who have also been searching for

alternative ways to solve water resource shortage in

the area.

2 what we can do is to develop our adaptability Water Resoure shortage

• 2-1 Engineering measure

• Yangtze River– landuse change（退田还湖、移民建镇

conversing farmland to lake, immigration and city building）

– Jing River Project（荆江大堤）

– three gorges dam（三峡工程）

• South-North water transfer project（南水北调）

2-2 Irrigation measure Fix water project

Add channels that prevent

leakage/effective irrigation

area

Add water saving irrigation

area and technologyDripping irrigation

Spewing irrigation

Rebuild low production

farmland

2-3 Increase plant coverage

From 1998, started the

project conversing farmland

to grass and forst

• Conversing farmland to grass

• Conversing farmland to forest

Increase plant coverage can

Decreased carbon 27.29%

Keep water

climatic model simulated the

effectiveness of plant coverage

of the western of china: land

surface temperature decreases

as plant coverage increases,

which is helpful in raising

rainfall and soil moisture,

reduce the wind speed, sand

storm occurrences, prevent or

mitigate freezing dry hot heat

wave, drought and other threats

to agriculture.

2-4 Sea water desalinification

• Up until 2006, china’s sea water desalinification ability has reached 1.5 billion tonnes

• Sea water desalinification volume has reached 31,000 m /day

• The cost of sea ice desalinification is decreasing, now only 5 rmb/m3

Projects of sea water

desalinfciation production

at the tonnes level

2-5 Sea ice desalinification-Project by BNU

• Bohai coastal area is the important economic zone of China

辽

宁

沿海

经

济

带

河北渤海新区

河北渤海新区

黄河三角洲高效生态经济区

天滨

区

津

新海

terms （%）China

Population 16.4

GDP 22.8

Per capita water

resource

17.6

Effective irrigation area

20.6

Water amount 2%

Liaoning, hebei, tianjin, shandong

Sea ice desalinification

• China has adapted water chanelling measures in solving the problems of water shortage. However, this can only change the uneven water distribution, it cannot increase the level of water resources itself. Hence, we must face the underlying shortage of water in the region. Aside from water chaneling from the region, we must also search for fresh water resources in the north

工程调水：引滦、引黄、南水北调、东水西调等

• Bohai and north yellow sea froze due to low temperature

• Winter wind and cold wave caused the sea ice in bohai and north yellow sea to freeze and form large amounts of sea ice

• Sea ice salinity（4‰～8‰ ）low than sea water salinity（28‰～31‰）

Sea ice desalinification• Sea ice resource usage and research has its

chinese characteristics

渤海

150

12060

30

0

50

40

30

60

90

Bohai is the ice forming sea region with the lowest altitude on the northern hemisphere

Bbohai sea’s sea ice region is

the heaviest population region

in the sea ice regions of the

northern hemisphere, and is

also the most economically

developed region

Sea ice research usage and

researched has opened up a

new area of sea ice usage. It is

an innovative scientific value

for the development of

humankind

The sea ice amount and the winter mean

temperature of Yingkou

We have not obtained the statistical data for winter 2010’s sea ice

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1987-1988

1988-1989

1989-1990

1990-1991

1991-1992

1992-1993

1993-1994

1994-1995

1995-1996

1996-1997

1997-1998

1998-1999

1999-2000

2000-2001

2001-2002

2002-2003

2003-2004

2004-2005

2005-2006

2006-2007

2007-2008

2008-2009

时 间

海冰

资源

量（

亿m

3）

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

冰情

等级

海冰资源量最大值 海冰资源量平均值 海冰冰情等级

Major science issues：

1. Desalination mechanism: can sea ice be

desalinified？

2. Sea ice reserve: worth exploiting(what about

volume and quality)？

一．技术工程问题：怎样实现淡化？海冰水应用领域？

3. Engineering issues -is doing

① sea ice desalination equipment and facilities-Sea ice desalination

② Sea ce collection equipment/establishment-Sea ice collection

③ Sea ice transport equipment/establishment-Sea ice storage

④ Sea ice desalination technics-production technics

⑤ Sea ice desalination engineering test-industry development

⑥ Sea ice water integrated use test-sea ice use

Ice investigation on the BH

a (轻冰年06/07) b (常冰年偏轻05/06)

c (常冰年89/90) d（常冰年偏重00/01）

1. It mainly

distribute close coast

2. It mainly

distribute in Liao

dong Bay

3.It is less 40km

from coast

Sea ice spatial distribution

Sea area Weak ice year Weaker ice year Normal year Heavy ice year

Liaodong

Bay

Ice amount（108m3） 13.4 23.8 25.1 28.3

% 100 89.2 63.8 50.1

Bohai Bay Ice amount（108m3） 0 1.1 5.0 11.0

% 0 4.2 12.6 19.4

Laizhou Bay Ice amount（108m3） 0 0 1.4 0

% 0 0 3.7 0

Middle area Ice amount（108m3） 0 1.8 7.8 17.2

% 0 6.6 19.9 30.5

Ice amount Ice amount（108m3） 13.4 26.7 39.3 56.5

Sea ice spatial distribution

In situ agricultural water demand 700 108m3

Future plans

Research and development, pilot projects and

testing prior to production is currently in place

离心脱盐 岸边采冰 海上采冰

海冰输送 重力脱盐 海冰输送

Future plansSea ice water agricultural use and coastal resource

integrated development and research is currently in place

修筑台田 阻排结合 覆冰洗盐

地膜保墒 海冰淡水灌溉 棉花长势

Future plans

Anshan steel head office Has placed emphasis on sea ice desalination, and is currently in negotiation on cooperation and industrialization

3 Government support

3-1 Government support for water shortage

• Fiscal subsidies – return farmland to grasslands, return

agricultural lands to forests. From 1998 to 2016, returning

farmlands to forests shall receive subsidies of 300RMB per acre per

year for 5 years consecutively. One time 600 RMB subsidy shall be

given to tree planting projects on bare mountains

• putting sea ice desalination into industrialization.

Development subsidies and tax cut policies

3-2 project supports

National support to the study of sea ice use

• “11th Five-year Plan”- Key NSFC project of China；

• “11th Five-year Plan” -National high science and

technology research project of China；

• “11th Five-year Plan” -Key Science & Technology

Support Project of China

• “11th Five-year Plan”-industrialization project of China

Thanks