Water Resources-India

8/7/2019 Water Resources-India

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WATER RESOURCES-InDi@

By:- Eeshan sharma


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The next

WORLD WARwill be over

WATER


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Is There Really A Water Crisis?

Over 1 billion people lack access to safe water

2 out of 3 people will be living with water shortages by 2025

Half of the world's wetlands have been lost since 1900.

The basis for most projections for future conflicts is that with the

growth of demand, the decline in freshwater availability , and the

adverse health effects from poor water quality, scarcity will resultin violence and water wars.

YES


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The global situation


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The global situation

Less than 3% of the worlds water is

fresh the rest is seawater and

undrinkable.

Of this 3% over 2.5% is frozen, locked

up in Antarctica, the Arctic and glaciers,

and not available to man.

Thus humanity must rely on this 0.5%

for all of mans and ecosystems fresh

water needs.


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The Indiansituation

PM's Independence Day Speech, 2009

Dr Manmohan Singh, said:

Climate change is threatening our ecosystems; water scarcity

is becoming a way of life and pollution is a growing threat to

our health and habitat.


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The Indiansituation

Groundwater [Depleted]

Surface water [Polluted]

Rainfall [Wasted]

Population [ ]

Demand [ ]

Consumption [ ]

SCARCITY

Agriculture [ ]

Health & Environment[ ]

Future [ ? ]

Industrial Growth [ ]

Economy-Industry [ ]

Water Business[ ]


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The Indiansituation

Groundwater is the majorsource of water in our country

with 85% of the population

dependent.

Groundwater water table

decline - 33 centimeters per

year.


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The Indiansituation

Fresh water (rain and snow)availability - 4,000 BCMMost of which returns to the seas via rivers.

Surface and ground water availability - 1,869 BCM.

Of this, 40 % is not available.

Groundwater Consumption:

92% - Agricultural

5% - Industrial 3% - Domestic.

Surface water Consumption:

89% - Agricultural

2% - Industrial 9% - Domestic.


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The Indiansituation


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The Indiansituation

Brazil

Russia

China Canada,

Indonesia

U.S

India Columbia Democratic Republic

of Congo.

Fewer than 10 countries possess 60% of the worlds availablefresh water supply:


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Indian government is too focused on economic growth, instead of

facilitating in basic human needs.

Poor water Management system.

Bio fuel threatens India water supply.

Package Water Industries are encouraged.

The Indiansituation

The Indian Government


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Challenges


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Challenges

Government

Inefficient Government State construction

Lack of integrated water management

Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to

water

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment

Insufficient local technological research on water


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Challenges

Public

Wasting Water

Polluting Water


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Challenges

Climate change.

2020 India will become a water stressed nation.

66 million Indians in 20 states are at risk due to excess fluoride

10 million due to excess arsenic in groundwater

Out of these 6.3 lakh rural schools only 44 % have water supplyfacilities

Half of all Indian children are undernourished and half of all

adult women suffer from anaemia.


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Challenges

37.7 million Indians are affected by waterborne diseases

annually

1.5 million children are estimated to die of diarrhoea alone

180 million working days are lost due to waterborne disease

each year

Economic burden is estimated at $600 million a year.

1,95,813 habitations in the country are affected by poor water

quality.


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Challenges

Indias rivers carry 90% of the water during the period fromJune to November, but only 10% is available during the other six

months.

Bio fuel threatens Indias water supply.

161 of out of approximately 600 districts in India have

been declared drought.

At least 45% of India's land area is degraded.

90% of the sewage generated by municipal councils and

over 50% of sewage discharged by municipal corporations

goes untreated


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Challenges

Overview of the major problems:

Drinking Water

Inadequate and intermittent supply of drinking water

Metallic and bacterial pollution of water

Inadequate piped water supply in rural areas and some urban

slum areas

Loss of water in transmission (distribution) and storage

Lack of financial resources for improvements.


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Challenges

Affect agriculture production

Insufficient local technological research on water

Lack of integrated water management

Inadequate enforcement of environment legislation relating to

water

Lack of control over-exploitation of groundwater resources

Insufficient facilities for waste water treatment


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Challenges

River Yamuna- the principal drain for New Delhis waste.

Residents pour 150 million gallons of sewage into the river each

day.

In New Delhi the Yamuna itself is clinically dead.

River Ganges- River of Dead Bodies


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Challenges

Groundwater in Sukinda is believed to be contaminated with

chromium. Sukinda, which contains one of the largest open cast

chromate ore mines in the world, 60% of the drinking water contains

hexavalent chromium

The World's Most Polluted Places (Times survey)Sukinda, India

Number of people potentially affected:

2,600,000


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Market Study

Supply & Demand

There are two dominant features in current global water

consumption patterns:

The supply of fresh water is limited, but demand is growing steadily.

Many countries are failing to satisfy the basic need to provide

sufficient quantities of water of acceptable quality.

The development of the water market is being shaped by four megatrends:

global population growth.

infrastructure

water quality

Climate change


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Case Study [ecosan* ecological sanitation ]

The concept behind ecological sanitation

(ecosan) is that sanitation problems could be

solved more sustainably and efficiently if the

resources contained in excreta and wastewater

were recovered and used rather thandischarged into the water bodies and the

surrounding environment.

THE SOLUTION

Applying Ecological Sanitation means both creating awareness for

recycling of human disposals as well as developing an adequate toilet

design for separating urine and faces to make agricultural use

possible and exude the use of water.


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Signs of hope[Solution]


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Solution

Progress is Must,

But

Environment isFirst.


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Solution

Solutions to water problems require the consideration of cultural,

educational, communication and scientific aspects.

Plant Trees

Avoid PollutionConserve water

Technologies and Innovations

Water Purification Systems

Seawater desalination

Water Footprint


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Solution

The much-awaited seawater desalination plant, the largest in the country with a

capacity of 100 MLD (million liters per day), coming up near Minjur about 35 km

north of Chennai .

Under the technology, developed by the National Institute of Ocean Technology

(NIOT), warm water is pumped into a vacuum flash chamber and the resultant

vapour is condensed using cold water to get crystal clear potable water.

Desalinated water is of a better quality and the cost is only 6 paisa per liter.


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Solution

Water FootprintTo manage the water consumption better.

A water footprint measures the total amount of water

it takes for a company to manufacture and transport a

product, or for a city, country, or business to operate.

Calculating water footprints can help businesses and

communities better understand and prepare for the

impacts of global water scarcity, according to experts.

Such data allows companies to identify potentialwater savings and plan for future shortages


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Solution

Rain Water Harvesting

Irrigation Water Management

Hydrological projects - Construction of Dams

Artificial Recharge to Ground Water through Dug well


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SolutionNational River Linking Project


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Solution

Avoid flushing the toilet unnecessarily. Put a brick or any other device that occupiesspace to cut down on the amount of water needed for each flush.

When washing the car, use water from a bucket and not a hosepipe.

Do not throw away water that has been used for washing vegetables, rice or dals.

Use it to water plants or to clean the floors, etc

You can store water in a variety of ways. A simple method is to place a drum on a

raised platform directly under the rainwater collection source. You can also collect

water in a bucket during the rainy season.

Donate fund for ongoing projects.


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Solution

Water awareness groups among social media networking sites like Twitter,Facebook are creating new trend among the social awareness groups.

Web 2.0 concept helps to bridge gap between the people more interactive

By doing this water project, I have learned more about saving a drop of water rather

using wordpress

Its not a solution to be found, it should be a RESOLUTION everyone should take.


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Solution

sAvE wAtEr

SaVe WoRlD


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Thank You

Water Resources-India

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