The 6 th Scientific PhD Seminar of the WISDOM project WATER BALANCE AND TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS IN THE MEKONG DELTA SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 658 Vo Van Kiet Blvd, District 5, HCM City, Vietnam Tel: +84 8 38380989 Fax: +84 8 39235028 Website: www.siwrr.org.vn
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WATER BALANCE AND TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS IN THE …WATER BALANCE AND TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS IN THE MEKONG DELTA SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH 658 Vo Van Kiet Blvd, District
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The 6th Scientific PhD Seminar of
the WISDOM project
WATER BALANCE AND
TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS
IN THE MEKONG DELTA
SOUTHERN INSTITUTE OF WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
658 Vo Van Kiet Blvd, District 5, HCM City, Vietnam Tel: +84 8 38380989 Fax: +84 8 39235028
Website: www.siwrr.org.vn
Contents
Overview the Mekong River basin
Water balance in the Mekong Delta
Transboundary Impacts
Impacts to Water requirements
Impacts to hydrology regime in Kratie
Impacts to salinity Intrusion in Mekong Delta
Impact assessment
Considerations
Overview of the Mekong River Basin
No Country Area in the
MK river
basin (km2)
% of the
MK river
basin
% of the
country area
% of water
flow
1
2
China
Myanmar
165.000
24.000
21
3
-
-
16
2
3
4
5
6
Laos
Thailand
Cambodia
Vietnam (MD
& CH)
202.000
184.000
155.000
65.000
25
22
20
9
97
36
86
20
35
18
18
11
Total area
(km2)
795.000 100 Total
annual flow
475 km3
% contribution of water flow in MRB
Dry season
Wet season
The Mekong Delta
Total area of 39,700 km2 or 12.% of
area of Vietnam with 700 km sea lines,
Cultivated area is about 2.4 million
hectares with 7 crops per 2 years,
The population is about 18 million
peoples,
The Mekong Delta contributes 20%
of GDP,
Rice production is at 24.3 millions
tons (55% of country).
Month
Issues
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Flood
Salinity intrusion
Acid sulfate soil
and acid water
Drought
Bank Erosion
Sediment
Pollution
Water-related problems in Mekong Delta
Addition threat: upstream development, CC & SWLR
Rainfalls in the Mekong Delta
Rainfalls isoline in the Mekong Delta
River network in the MD
• The Mekong and Bassac rivers flow to the
East Sea via nine river mouths as Tieu, Dai,
Ba Lai, Ham Luong, Co Chien , Cung Hau,
Dinh An, Ba Thac and Tran De.
• Vaico River system runs parallel to the east
of the Mekong River.
• Cai River, My Thanh, Ganh Hao, Ong Doc,
Bay Hap are tidal rivers flow to the West
and East Sea.
• The canal systems have a high density, with
a total of 30,000 - 40,000km of primary and
secondary canals in the Mekong Delta.
Hydrology regime in the MD
Seasonal flooding in the Mekong Delta begins
in months Jun-Jul and ends in months Nov -
Dec, with an average peak flow entering the
delta of around 28,000-30,000 m3/s. The
seasonal average dry flow is about 3,000-5,000
m3/s. Both high and low flood regimes prevail
for about 6 months.
Total average annual river flow in the MD is
~408 billion m3 (2000 - 2008 at Tan Chau and
Chau Doc stations). Flooding over the border
region accounts for 14-18% of the total flood
into the territory of Vietnam (estimated 57
billion m3) and surface water by rain on the
plains accounts for 11% of the whole water
volume (estimated 45 billion m3).
Month Q-Tan Chau
(m3/s)
Q-Chau Doc
(m3/s)
Jan 6.258 1.325
Feb 4.028 741
Mar 2.580 478
Apr 2.244 410
May 3.032 567
Jun 7.391 1.344
Jul 12.756 2.826
Aug 17.849 4.673
Sep 19.907 5.862
Oct 18.234 5.534
Nov 13.358 3.720
Dec 9.212 2.228
Qmax 19.907 5.862
Qtb 9.737 2.476
Qmin 2.244 410
Qavg dry season 4.559 958
Qavg wet season 14.916 3.993
Year Tan Chau Chau Doc
1998 7,184 1,819
2000 12,093 3,323
2001 11,540 3,134
2003 8,905 2,047
2004 9,166 2,183
2005 9,435 2,422
2006 10,055 2,463
Max 12,093 3,323
Mean 9,768 2,484
Min 7,184 1,819
Water level & Discharge of high floods at Tan Chau and Chau Doc
Year Tan Chau Chau Doc
Hmax (m) Qmax (m3/s) Hmax (m) Qmax (m3/s)
1961 5,11 28.800 4,94 7.840
1978 4,94 25.600 4,50 7.160
1991 4,80 24.300 4,31 7.660
1994 4,67 23.920 4,27 7.290
1996 5,03 23.200 4,60 8.560
2000 5,06 25.500 4,90 7.660
2011 4,86 26.200 4,23 8.170
Using IQQM model to analyze the water requirements in the