Warring City-States Greece and Sparta. Rule and Order in City-States Polis – The Fundamental Greek political unit Made up of city-state and the surrounding.

Warring City-StatesWarring City-States

Greece and SpartaGreece and Sparta

Rule and Order in City-StatesRule and Order in City-States

PolisPolis – The Fundamental Greek – The Fundamental Greek political unitpolitical unit

• Made up of city-state and the Made up of city-state and the surrounding countrysidesurrounding countryside

• At public center was At public center was AcropolisAcropolis – male citizens gathered there– male citizens gathered there

Greek Political StructureGreek Political Structure

Monarchy – Gov’t ruled by a King or Monarchy – Gov’t ruled by a King or monarchmonarch

Aristocracy – Gov’t ruled by nobles Aristocracy – Gov’t ruled by nobles and landownersand landowners

Oligarchy – Gov’t ruled by a few Oligarchy – Gov’t ruled by a few powerful peoplepowerful people

Defending the Polis (city-state)Defending the Polis (city-state)

Iron became cheaper than bronzeIron became cheaper than bronze Now ordinary citizens could afford Now ordinary citizens could afford

Iron spears and shieldsIron spears and shields ““Commoners” defending the polis Commoners” defending the polis

make up a “new” armymake up a “new” army Foot-soldiers (Hoplites) used the Foot-soldiers (Hoplites) used the

PhalanxPhalanx formation to dominate formation to dominate opposing armiesopposing armies

The PhalanxThe Phalanx

PhalanxPhalanx

Feared Warriors: The SpartansFeared Warriors: The Spartans

Uniqueness of Uniqueness of Sparta’s geography Sparta’s geography (pg. 112)(pg. 112)

Spartans built a Spartans built a military statemilitary state

Conquered areas – Conquered areas – made people made people “helots” – or slaves“helots” – or slaves

Spartan GovernmentSpartan Government

Government composed of two Government composed of two groups: groups: The AssemblyThe Assembly (free adult (free adult males – voted on issues) and the males – voted on issues) and the Council of EldersCouncil of Elders (proposed laws) (proposed laws)

5 elected 5 elected ephorsephors carried out the laws carried out the laws

Spartan EducationSpartan Education Spartan’s lives were Spartan’s lives were

completely focused on completely focused on the militarythe military

Spartan Goal: Spartan Goal: Produced tough, Produced tough, battle-tested warriorsbattle-tested warriors• Age 7: Boys left home – Age 7: Boys left home –

went into army went into army barracksbarracks

• Age 20: Allowed to Age 20: Allowed to marry, but still lived marry, but still lived full-time with armyfull-time with army

• Age 60: Retirement Age 60: Retirement from Army – live from Army – live w/familyw/family

Questions to answerQuestions to answer

How did life differ for Spartan How did life differ for Spartan women? (Think about their women? (Think about their differences with Spartan men and differences with Spartan men and with Athenian women)with Athenian women)

What did the Spartans “sacrifice” by What did the Spartans “sacrifice” by focusing so much on the military?focusing so much on the military?

Democracy in AthensDemocracy in Athens

Athens avoided Athens avoided problems by creating problems by creating the first the first democracydemocracy: : Rule by the peopleRule by the people

Who were “excluded” Who were “excluded” from being full-from being full-citizens?citizens?

What was the What was the expected “role” for expected “role” for women in Athens?women in Athens?

The Political and Economic The Political and Economic Reformers in GreeceReformers in Greece

What was each of the following What was each of the following reformers responsible for and what reformers responsible for and what did it do???did it do???• Draco – Draco –

• Solon – Solon –

Reforms of CleisthenesReforms of Cleisthenes Helped the democracy Helped the democracy

by limiting the nobilityby limiting the nobility Regular citizens now Regular citizens now

could propose laws could propose laws and debateand debate

Created the Council of Created the Council of Five Hundred – Five Hundred – random collection that random collection that proposed laws and proposed laws and counseled the counseled the assemblyassembly

1/5 of Athenian 1/5 of Athenian residents were full-residents were full-citizenscitizens

The Persian WarsThe Persian Wars

Persian King Darius Persian King Darius was upset that was upset that Greeks were Greeks were settling in Ionia settling in Ionia (coast of Anatolia)(coast of Anatolia)

Darius put down Darius put down the revolt in the revolt in Anatolia and Anatolia and wanted to burn wanted to burn Athens in revengeAthens in revenge

Battle of MarathonBattle of Marathon

Persians sent a fleet Persians sent a fleet to Marathonto Marathon

25,000 Persians vs. 25,000 Persians vs. 10,000 Athenians10,000 Athenians

Persians light armor Persians light armor no match for Greek no match for Greek phalanx formationsphalanx formations

Outcome: 6,400 Outcome: 6,400 Persians dead; only Persians dead; only 192 Athenians192 Athenians

Athens UndefendedAthens Undefended

After Marathon, the After Marathon, the city of Athens was city of Athens was undefendedundefended

Army sent their best Army sent their best runner: Pheidippides runner: Pheidippides to run to Athens to to run to Athens to alert them of possible alert them of possible attackattack

26-mile journey now 26-mile journey now known as a known as a “Marathon”“Marathon”

After 10 years – Persian War After 10 years – Persian War continuescontinues

Darius’ son Xerxes now in power for Darius’ son Xerxes now in power for PersiaPersia• What did some people in Athens want to What did some people in Athens want to

do when the Persians came back?do when the Persians came back?• What happened at the following battles – What happened at the following battles –

ThermopylaeThermopylae SalamisSalamis PlataeaPlataea