Warm Up

Warm UpWarm Up

Set up table of contents page for 16 Set up table of contents page for 16 and 17and 17

Pick up one of each of the papers on Pick up one of each of the papers on the overheadthe overhead

Get out a scrap sheet of paperGet out a scrap sheet of paperCopy down homeworkCopy down homeworkhttp://www.hulu.com/watch/134660

Chapter 16 pt. 1: Perspectives Chapter 16 pt. 1: Perspectives on Psychological Disorders and on Psychological Disorders and

AnxietyAnxiety

Defining Psychological Defining Psychological DisorderDisorder

A Psychological Disorder is:A Psychological Disorder is:a “harmful dysfunction” in which a “harmful dysfunction” in which

behavior is judged to be:behavior is judged to be:1. 1. atypicalatypical- not enough in itself- not enough in itself2. 2. disturbingdisturbing-- varies with time & varies with time & cultureculture

3. 3. maladaptivemaladaptive- harmful; causes - harmful; causes sufferingsuffering

4. 4. unjustifiableunjustifiable- sometimes - sometimes there’s a good reasonthere’s a good reason

History of Understanding History of Understanding Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

In Ancient times, disorders were In Ancient times, disorders were thought to have been caused by thought to have been caused by movements of the movements of the sun and moonsun and moon (lunacy is full moon) or by (lunacy is full moon) or by evil spiritsevil spirits..

Treatments for people with mental Treatments for people with mental illness were illness were very inhumanevery inhumane even up even up until the mid 1900’s. Patients were until the mid 1900’s. Patients were often chained like animals, often chained like animals, beaten, beaten, burnedburned, castrated, etc. , castrated, etc.

Conditions for Psychologically Conditions for Psychologically DisabledDisabled

European Traphines “released evil spirits.”

Ancient Greek Traphines

Conditions for Psychologically Conditions for Psychologically DisabledDisabled

Conditions for Psychologically Conditions for Psychologically DisabledDisabled

Conditions for Psychologically Conditions for Psychologically DisabledDisabled

Medical Model Improves Medical Model Improves ConditionsConditions

Eventually the Eventually the medical modelmedical model came to came to dominate understandings of mental illness. dominate understandings of mental illness.

Late 1800sLate 1800sThe medical model The medical model assumes that assumes that

diseases have physical causesdiseases have physical causes that can that can be diagnosed based on their symptoms be diagnosed based on their symptoms and be treated and in most cases and be treated and in most cases curedcured..

Assumption of medical model drastically Assumption of medical model drastically improves conditions in mental improves conditions in mental hospitalshospitals. .

Perspectives on Perspectives on Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

What would What would PsychoanalyticPsychoanalytic psychologist argue as the cause? psychologist argue as the cause?

HumanisticHumanistic would view cause? would view cause?

Perspectives on Perspectives on Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

Cognitive?Cognitive?

Behavioral?Behavioral?

Perspectives on Perspectives on Psychological DisordersPsychological Disorders

Biological?Biological?

Socio-Cultural? Socio-Cultural?

Most Mental Health Most Mental Health Professionals Assume Professionals Assume

Disorders Have Interlocking Disorders Have Interlocking CausesCausesBio-Psycho-Bio-Psycho-

Social Social Perspective:Perspective: assume assume biological, biological, psychological, psychological, and socio-and socio-culturalcultural factors factors interact to interact to produce disorders.produce disorders.

Biological(Evolution, individual

genes, brain structures

and chemistry)

Psychological(Stress, trauma,

learned helplessness, mood-related perceptions

and memories)

Sociocultural(Roles, expectations, definition of normality

and disorder)

Classifying Psychological Classifying Psychological DisordersDisordersDSM-IV:DSM-IV: the most widely the most widely

used manual for used manual for classifying classifying psychological psychological disordersdisorders..

The DSM-IV currently lists The DSM-IV currently lists 410410 mental disorders up from mental disorders up from 145 in the DSM-II (1968) and 145 in the DSM-II (1968) and 60 in DSM-I (1951).60 in DSM-I (1951).

17 categories 17 categories Does not explain Does not explain causescauses

http://www.today.com/video/today/51915406#51915406

DSM AXISDSM AXIS Axis IAxis I:: Clinical disorders, including major mental disorders, Clinical disorders, including major mental disorders,

and learning disorders, Substance Use Disorders and learning disorders, Substance Use Disorders Depression, Anxiety, bipolar, autism, anorexiaDepression, Anxiety, bipolar, autism, anorexia

Axis IIAxis II:: Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities Personality disorders and intellectual disabilities (although developmental disorders, such as Autism, were (although developmental disorders, such as Autism, were coded on Axis II in the previous edition, these disorders are coded on Axis II in the previous edition, these disorders are now included on Axis I) now included on Axis I)

Axis IIIAxis III:: Acute medical conditions and physical disorders Acute medical conditions and physical disorders Brain injuriesBrain injuries

Axis IVAxis IV:: Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing Psychosocial and environmental factors contributing to the disorder to the disorder

Axis VAxis V:: Global Assessment of FunctioningGlobal Assessment of Functioning or Children's Global Assessment Scale for children and teens under the age of 18

Classifying Neurotic vs. Classifying Neurotic vs. Psychotic DisordersPsychotic Disorders

Neurotic disorderNeurotic disorderusually distressing but that allows one usually distressing but that allows one

to to think rationallythink rationally and function and function sociallysocially

Freud saw the neurotic disorders as Freud saw the neurotic disorders as ways of ways of dealing with anxiety

Psychotic disorderPsychotic disorderperson person loses contact with realityloses contact with realityexperiences irrational ideas and experiences irrational ideas and

distorted perceptionsdistorted perceptions

Pros and Cons of the DSM-IV Pros and Cons of the DSM-IV and Labelingand Labeling

Pros?Pros?ReliableReliableNeed a DSM diagnosis for Need a DSM diagnosis for insuranceinsurance

Cons? Cons? Almost any behavior can be Almost any behavior can be labeledlabeled

Distorts how we perceive othersDistorts how we perceive othersPrejudicePrejudiceSelf fulfilling prophecySelf fulfilling prophecy