War of 1812 1812-1815. Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars British Blockade Europe –“Re-Impress” Deserters –Chesapeake Incident Coast of U.S. Boat attacked by Brits.

War of 18121812-1815

Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars• British Blockade Europe

– “Re-Impress” Deserters– Chesapeake Incident

• Coast of U.S. • Boat attacked by Brits • 4 Soldiers Taken • Rise of “War Hawks”

– Clay and Calhoun

Cause #1: Napoleonic Wars

• Jefferson’s “Peaceful Coercion”

– Embargo of 1807• U.S. Cuts off all trade to Eur.• Leads to Depression in U.S. (N.E)

– Non Intercourse Act of 1809• Reopens trade to Eur. (Except Br &

Fr)• Jefferson leaves office shortly after

Presidential Election of 1808

Presidential Election of 1808Dem-Rep:

James MadisonFederalist:Thomas PinckneyWinner?: James Madison

James Madison1808-1816

The War of 1812

Cause # 2: Native Americans

• William H. Harrison– Appointed by Jefferson

• In charge of Indiana

– Goals: Natives given 2 options- Assimilate or Move

– Tactics: Harrison uses threats, bribes, and trickery to gain land from N.A.

Cause # 2: Native Americans• Tecumseh

– Goal: Unite Tribes• Tecumseh Confederacy

– Tactics:• Encourages tribes to form alliance• Reject treaties• Reject assimilation

• Battle of Tippecanoe– Description:

• Harrison attacks confederacy when Tecumseh is away

– Significance:• Shows Brits are arming N.A.• Convinces U.S. need to rid Americas of Brits

(Canada)

• Why?– Use of rivers to access Gulf– Native American attacks– Spain allies with Brit.

Cause # 3: Florida

Presidential Election of 1812

Presidential Election of 1812

Dem-Rep: James MadisonFederalist: DeWitt ClintonWinner? James Madison

3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

3 U. S. Invasions of 1812

Campaigns of 1813Campaigns of 1813

The War –1812-1815Defeats• US tries to invade Canada• Napoleon defeat allows Brits to send troops to U.S. • Washington DC torched

Successes• US defeats Native Americans and British attacks within US

• Fort McHenry - Baltimore• The US invades Florida**Star Spangled Banner written after battle at Fort McHenry

Fort McHenry

How does this picture show that the Americans lacked a regular, professional army?

The U.S. was not expected to win!

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

Jackson’s Florida Campaigns

The End of the War• Treaty of Ghent, Dec. 1814 - Belgium - peace treaty signed by British and US

• Battle of New Orleans, Jan. 1815 - 2 weeks later, British try to invade LA - huge American victory, led by Andrew

Jackson

• The Hartford Convention - Federalists hate the war - Discuss Secession

- Daniel Webster - Ignored & criticized - Marks end of the Federalist party

Effects of the War of 1812

• Need for a strong army• Revival of American

nationalism• End of the Federalist party• Weakens Native American

resistance – new states • Paved way for American take-

over of Florida

Nationalism: strong

patriotic feeling