War in Europe War in Africa War in Asia Of the seas War Fronts: WWII.

• War in Europe• War in Africa• War in Asia

• Of the seas

War Fronts: WWII

France

Germany Poland

Soviet Union

Great Britain

Atlantic Ocean Norway

Black SeaUkraine

MediterraneanMorocco

Algeria

Tunisia

Libya Egypt

Italy

EU

RO

PE M

AP

Fighting in the PhilippinesFall of France

Paris Taken

Date: May 1940 – June 1940

Location: Maginot Line ( a fortified area along Belgium and France )Background: The Germans occupied Belgium, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, and Norway in Blitzkrieg war

Description: soldiers from those nations were trapped at Dunkirk and were evacuated across the English Channel by the British

Impact: Saved lives, but allowed Germany to establish a puppet government in France

Maginot Line

Key TermsBlitzkrieg: “Lightning war” engaging military force be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers). based on Alfred von Schlieffen’s ‘Schlieffen Plan’ a doctrine formed during WWI

Dunkirk Evacuation: evacuation of trapped forces in France, leading to establishment of the puppet government

Vichy France: puppet government established by the Nazis

BA TTLE O F THE A TLA N TIC Battle of Atlantic Date: 1941-1944

Location: North Atlantic Ocean

Background: German U-boats shot any ship aid allies throughout war

Description: Allies respond by developing speedy escort ships for convoys of supply ships , air-bombed German U-boats, won the Atlantic by 1944

Impact: the battles in the Atlantic led to the refining of sonar, a system in which underwater objects could be detected

Sonar

Key TermsBlitzkrieg: “Lightning war” engaging military force be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers). based on Alfred von Schlieffen’s ‘Schlieffen Plan’ a doctrine formed during WWI

Dunkirk Evacuation: evacuation of trapped forces in France, leading to establishment of the puppet government

Vichy France: puppet government established by the Nazis

Battle of the Atlantic: war waged in Atlantic, sonar system was improved and convoy system

After Barbarossa Date: June 1941-Jan 1943

Location: Western Soviet Union

Background: Germans captured industrial centers and civilians suffered shell fire and starvation Description: The city of Stalingrad contained oil fields, as the Germans drove deeper into Russia, they had fewer supplies and little food during the harsh Russian winter. Soviet Tanks counterattacked forced German surrender in 1943 at Stalingrad.

Impact: The battle broke the momentum of German forces and ended being one of the bloodiest battles of the war (1.1 million Soviets died alone)

Key TermsBlitzkrieg: “Lightning war” engaging military force be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers). based on Alfred von Schlieffen’s ‘Schlieffen Plan’ a doctrine formed during WWI

Dunkirk Evacuation: evacuation of trapped forces in France, leading to establishment of the puppet government

Vichy France: puppet government established by the Nazis

Battle of the Atlantic: war waged in Atlantic, sonar system was improved and convoy system

Operation Barbarossa: German offensive in Russia, Battle of Stalingrad bloodiest battle (1.1 million Soviets Die) by 1943, counterattacks stopped German momentum

Casablanca Conference: 1) Plan across channel invasions of France and Italy

2) Only unconditional surrender would be accepted

FDR and Churchill met in Casablanca and decided their next moves

• 1) Plan across channel invasions of France and Italy• 2) Only unconditional surrender would be accepted

Casablanca Conference

Key TermsBlitzkrieg: “Lightning war” engaging military force be based around light tank units supported by planes and infantry (foot soldiers). based on Alfred von Schlieffen’s ‘Schlieffen Plan’ a doctrine formed during WWI

Dunkirk Evacuation: evacuation of trapped forces in France, leading to establishment of the puppet government

Vichy France: puppet government established by the Nazis

Battle of the Atlantic: war waged in Atlantic, sonar system was improved and convoy system

Operation Barbarossa: German offensive in Russia, Battle of Stalingrad bloodiest battle (1.1 million Soviets Die) by 1943, counterattacks stopped German momentum

Casablanca Conference: 1) Plan across channel invasions of France and Italy

2) Only unconditional surrender would be accepted

War in N. AfricaDate: 1940- 1943

Location: North Africa * Ethiopia * Egypt * Morocco * Algeria * Tunisia

Background: Italian forces had launched an invasion in N. Africa while British troops had inflicted heavy damage on them - the German troops were sent

Description: General Eisenhower of the U.S. Commanded U.S. And British troops into French-owned territories trapping Germans in Tunisia (Operation Torch)

Impact: Led Allied forces to a position in which they could invade Italy

General Eisenhower Omar Bradley

Key TermsOperation Torch: invasions of German possessions in Northern Africa

REA C TIN G TO BA RBA RO SSA D -D A Y (O P ERA TIO N O V ERLO RD ) Operation Overlord

Date: June 6, 1944Location: German-occupied France *Normandy Beach

Background: Involved years of planning, put in place false clues to convince Germans that the invasion would take place somewhere else

Description: An amphibious invasion in which over 150,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers cross the channel, planes dropped 23,000 airborne troops and bombed roads, bridges, and German troops. Within a month, the Allies having landed 1 million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles. Pushed 20 miles into Germany by July. Liberating Paris by Aug. 1944

Impact: led to a beginning of an end of the war in Europe

OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44

Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France

Key TermsOperation Torch: invasions of German possessions in Northern Africa

Operation Overlord: An amphibious invasion in which American, British, and Canadian soldiers cross the channel, planes dropped airborne troops and bombed roads, bridges, and the German troops. 1 million troops were landed and Liberating Paris by Aug. 1944

Battle of the Bulge

Date: Sept. 1944Location: Ardennes Forest of Belgium & N. France

Background: Hitler Refused to surrender and began launching v-2s (long range rockets) at England and Belgium in response to D-Day

Description: Counter-attack of Germans against Operation Overlord. (80,000 U.S. Soldiers) along the Belgium border into Germany in which re-inforce. are sent to push the “Bulge” of Allied troops forward into Berlin (close in on Berlin)

Impact: The failed offensive led to surrender

Key TermsOperation Torch: invasions of German possessions in Northern Africa

Operation Overlord: An amphibious invasion in which American, British, and Canadian soldiers cross the channel, planes dropped airborne troops and bombed roads, bridges, and the German troops. 1 million troops were landed and Liberating Paris by Aug. 1944

Battle of the Bulge: Counter-attack of Germans against Operation Overlord. along the Belgium border into Germany in which re-inforce. are sent to push the “Bulge” of Allied troops forward into Berlin (close in on Berlin)

VE-Day VE-Day V-E Day Date: May 8, 1945

Location: Europe

Background: Leipzig and Berlin Germany had been blasted my many firestorms. Allied troops close in on Germany from east and west. Italy had surrendered and Mussolini hung.

Description: Hitler had committed suicide in Berlin.Germany, now under General Donitz, surrendered unconditionally

Impact: The war in Europe ended allowing troops to focus on the Pacific

Key TermsOperation Torch: invasions of German possessions in Northern Africa

Operation Overlord: An amphibious invasion in which American, British, and Canadian soldiers cross the channel, planes dropped airborne troops and bombed roads, bridges, and the German troops. 1 million troops were landed and Liberating Paris by Aug. 1944

Battle of the Bulge: Counter-attack of Germans against Operation Overlord. along the Belgium border into Germany in which re-inforce. are sent to push the “Bulge” of Allied troops forward into Berlin (close in on Berlin)

VE Day: Victory in Europe day – General Donitz accepts unconditional surrender

Famous picture of an American soldier celebrating the end of the war

Pacific Ocean

JapanChina

manchuria

Soviet Union

Indo China

AustraliaAustralia

hawaii

Philippines

Borneo New Guinea

Midway

ASIA

& P

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IFIC

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War in the Pacific

• The Americans did not celebrate long, as Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich

• Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies, Guam, and most of China

Fighting in the PhilippinesPhilippines Date: Dec. 1941- April 1942Location: Philippines, Clark Airforce Base Background: Defending the Philippines were 30,000 U.S. & 110,000 Filipino soldiers under the command of General Douglas MacArthur Description: Japanese bombers attack Clark Airforce Base who could not leave, without their support MacArthur had troops retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. By April they had to surrender. 70,000 were marched to a prison camp 10,000 died. Disease and starvation were the main causes, along side execution. Impact: U.S. Loss of life – and turning focus on the Island hopping campaign

Key TermsBataan Death March: Japanese bombers attack Clark Airforce Base who could not leave, without their support MacArthur had troops retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. By April they had to surrender, 70,000 were marched to a prison camp 10,000 died. Disease and starvation were the main causes, along side execution. (30,000 U.S. & 110,000 Filipino soldiers under the command of General Douglas MacArthur)

Description:

Fighting in the PhilippinesBattle at Midway Date: June 3-6 1942

Location: Pacific Islandsnear Hawaii

Background: U.S. Experts had broken Japanese fleet code and knew about the Japanese push for Midway.

Description: A battle in the Pacific, by sea and air in which bombers and destroyers went head to head and the U.S. Was able to ward off the Japanese

Impact: Japan lost ships, plans, and skilled pilots while U.S. Gained position on Japan

Key TermsBataan Death March: Japanese bombers attack Clark Airforce Base who could not leave, without their support MacArthur had troops retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. By April they had to surrender, 70,000 were marched to a prison camp 10,000 died. Disease and starvation were the main causes, along side execution. (30,000 U.S. & 110,000 Filipino soldiers under the command of General Douglas MacArthur)

Battle at Midway: battle in Pacific (Japanese code revealed attack was coming) damaged Japanese supplies

Fighting in the PhilippinesIsland Hopping

Iwo Jima and Okinawa

Date: Nov. 1943- Spring 1945Location: Strategic islands in Pacific Background: U.S. Would capture islands & use to support next advance toward Japan. Victories gave U.S. Islands to launch B-29 bombers on Japan. Description: Iwo Jima: First Battle lasted 6 weeks killing 4,000 marines and 20,000 Japanese. Japan lost many skilled pilots while U.S. Gained position on Japanese. Okinawa: the Japanese retreat to the S. tip upon U.S. Landing hiding in caves. The Japanese unleashed 1,900 Kamikaze attacks (suicide hits)Impact: the fact that Japan had not surrendered after the loss of life in these two island battles, led to the decision to use the atomic bomb.

Key TermsBataan Death March: Japanese bombers attack Clark Airforce Base who could not leave, without their support MacArthur had troops retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. By April they had to surrender, 70,000 were marched to a prison camp 10,000 died. Disease and starvation were the main causes, along side execution. (30,000 U.S. & 110,000 Filipino soldiers under the command of General Douglas MacArthur)

Island Hopping Campaign: goal to inch closer stategically to mainland Japan

Iwo Jima: First Battle lasted 6 weeks killing 4,000 marines and 20,000 Japanese. Japan lost many skilled pilots while U.S. Gained position on Japanese.

Okinawa: the Japanese retreat to the S. tip upon U.S. Landing hiding in caves. The Japanese unleashed 1,900 Kamikaze attacks (suicide hits)

Fighting in the PhilippinesNuclear Ends

Hiroshima & Nagasaki

Date: Aug 1945Location: JapanBackground: The U.S. Had planned the Manhattan project, a top secret group of scientists who worked to create the atomic bomb. Pres. Truman had met at Potsdam (s. of Berlin) demanding Japanese surrender while Soviets invaded Manchuria. Description: B-29 Bomber Enola Gay, dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima killing 100,000 people. 3 days later another was dropped on Nagasaki killing 200,000 and destroying both. Impact: Surrender of Japan on Sept. 2nd 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay and the beginning of a new era of war (V-J Day)

This in exchange for lost U.S. lives?

Key TermsBataan Death March: Japanese bombers attack Clark Airforce Base who could not leave, without their support MacArthur had troops retreat to the Bataan Peninsula. By April they had to surrender, 70,000 were marched to a prison camp 10,000 died. Disease and starvation were the main causes, along side execution. (30,000 U.S. & 110,000 Filipino soldiers under the command of General Douglas MacArthur)

Island Hopping Campaign: goal to inch closer strategically to mainland Japan

Iwo Jima: First Battle lasted 6 weeks killing 4,000 marines and 20,000 Japanese. Japan lost many skilled pilots while U.S. Gained position on Japanese.

Okinawa: the Japanese retreat to the S. tip upon U.S. Landing hiding in caves. The Japanese unleashed 1,900 Kamikaze attacks (suicide hits)

Manhattan Project: top secret project in which the atomic bomb was researched

Hiroshima & Nagasaki: the two Japanese cities that were annihilated by atomic bombs

• Japan was occupied by U.S. forces under the command of General MacArthur from 1945-1952

• MacArthur reshaped Japan’s economy by introducing free-market practices that led to a remarkable economic recovery

• Additionally, he introduced a liberal constitution that to this day is called the MacArthur Constitution

The Occupation of Japan