WWII- Post-War From War to Cold War. Post-WWII A. Europe Destroyed 1.The winners of WWII (US, England, Russia) meet to discuss what to do next. a. End.

WWII- Post-War WWII- Post-War

From War to Cold WarFrom War to Cold War

Post-WWIIPost-WWII

A. A. Europe DestroyedEurope Destroyed1.1. The winners of WWII (US, England, Russia) The winners of WWII (US, England, Russia)

meet to discuss what to do next.meet to discuss what to do next.

a. End of War Conferencesa. End of War Conferences

1. 1. YaltaYalta- Allied leaders meet to - Allied leaders meet to discuss discuss what to do with Europe after the what to do with Europe after the war.war.

a. Arguments break out a. Arguments break out over over which nations should which nations should be allowed be allowed to hold elections (Poland, to hold elections (Poland,

Czechoslovakia, etc)Czechoslovakia, etc)

Post-WWIIPost-WWII2. 2. PotsdamPotsdam- Decide to divide - Decide to divide Germany, half democratic, half Germany, half democratic, half communist.communist.

a. a. Unconditional Unconditional Surrender-Surrender- Germany must Germany must accept all accept all decisions. decisions.

b. “Big Three” Leaders- b. “Big Three” Leaders- H. Truman (US), W. H. Truman (US), W.

Churchill Churchill (UK), J. Stalin (UK), J. Stalin (USSR)(USSR)

c. Roosevelt had died in c. Roosevelt had died in April, 1945April, 1945d. Truman decides not to d. Truman decides not to

tell tell Stalin about the Atomic Stalin about the Atomic Bomb at Potsdam!!Bomb at Potsdam!!

End of the WarEnd of the War

2. 2. Tensions rise between Stalin and Tensions rise between Stalin and TrumanTruman

a. Stalin secretly knew about the a. Stalin secretly knew about the bomb!bomb!

b. Some historians believe this lie by b. Some historians believe this lie by Truman, started the Cold War!Truman, started the Cold War!c. Stalin and Truman distrusted c. Stalin and Truman distrusted

each other completely.each other completely.d. Stalin made power grabs in Poland, d. Stalin made power grabs in Poland, Ukraine, and Czech Republic.Ukraine, and Czech Republic.

1. Threatening to Europe and 1. Threatening to Europe and the the USUS

End of the WarEnd of the War

B. RebuildB. Rebuild1. 1. EuropeEurope

a. Marshall Plan- $14 Billion a. Marshall Plan- $14 Billion pumped into Europe to rebuild pumped into Europe to rebuild France, Germany, and others.France, Germany, and others.

b. 17 countries received aidb. 17 countries received aid1. Rebuilt farms, factories, 1. Rebuilt farms, factories, homes, roads and bridgeshomes, roads and bridges

c. Offered to Russia, but Stalin c. Offered to Russia, but Stalin refusedrefused

End of the WarEnd of the Ward. Built strong support for the US d. Built strong support for the US in in Europe (key later in the Cold War)Europe (key later in the Cold War)

2. 2. JapanJapana. Occupation- a. Occupation- led by Gen. MacArthur!!led by Gen. MacArthur!!

1. Truman dropped the bomb to 1. Truman dropped the bomb to avoid an ground invasion. avoid an ground invasion.

a. After surrender however, a. After surrender however, the US sends in ground the US sends in ground troops to control the troops to control the population.population.

2. 1945-19522. 1945-1952a. US troops were stationed a. US troops were stationed in Japan for rebuildingin Japan for rebuilding

End of the WarEnd of the War

b. Rebuilt from the ground upb. Rebuilt from the ground up1. New Constitution written 1. New Constitution written by US lawyersby US lawyers

a. Similar to our Bill of a. Similar to our Bill of RightsRights

2. US rebuilt manufacturing 2. US rebuilt manufacturing centers:centers:

a. Toyotaa. Toyotab. Hondab. Honda

3. Land reforms for peasants, 3. Land reforms for peasants, free free speech, religious reforms, rights speech, religious reforms, rights

for women, etc.for women, etc.

Japan’s DietJapan’s Diet

End of the WarEnd of the War

4. 4. Article 9-Article 9- Banned Japan Banned Japan from having military forces from having military forces (still in effect today!)(still in effect today!)c. Japan became one of our c. Japan became one of our

biggest allies, and our best trade biggest allies, and our best trade partner.partner.

1. Key ally in the Cold War1. Key ally in the Cold War2. We still have over 22 2. We still have over 22 military bases in Japan today!military bases in Japan today!

End of the WarEnd of the War

C. Everlasting Peace?C. Everlasting Peace?1. 1945- Due to the failure of the 1. 1945- Due to the failure of the League of Nations to prevent WWII, a League of Nations to prevent WWII, a new organization was called for.new organization was called for.2. 2. United NationsUnited Nations

a. Formed in 1945a. Formed in 1945b. A few very important changes b. A few very important changes made to make the UN more made to make the UN more

effective.effective.

After the WarAfter the War

c. c. ChangesChanges::1. Security Council- made 1. Security Council- made

up up of 15 states, this was the of 15 states, this was the “brain” of the UN.“brain” of the UN.

a. Major decisions made a. Major decisions made herehereb. 5 permanent b. 5 permanent members, 10 rotating members, 10 rotating membersmembers

After the WarAfter the War

2. US joins!2. US joins!a. Headquarters of the a. Headquarters of the UN is in New York City.UN is in New York City.b. We take an b. We take an

immediate immediate role as the role as the flagship flagship membermember

3. Humanitarian Efforts3. Humanitarian Effortsa. Food aid, peace-a. Food aid, peace-keeping, financial helpkeeping, financial help

After the WarAfter the War

D. European Cold War ProtectionD. European Cold War Protection1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization

(NATO)(NATO)a. A military alliance among a. A military alliance among

democratic statesdemocratic statesb. Foudned in 1949 to protect b. Foudned in 1949 to protect

Europe and fight communismEurope and fight communismc. c. Key members in 1949Key members in 1949: US, UK, : US, UK, France, W. GermanyFrance, W. Germany

After the WarAfter the War

2. What NATO did:2. What NATO did:a. Create combined troop forcesa. Create combined troop forcesb. Pool financial, military, and b. Pool financial, military, and

intelligence resourcesintelligence resourcesc. Set-up an “anti-Communist” c. Set-up an “anti-Communist”

block of countries to rival the block of countries to rival the SovietsSoviets3. 3. Soviets form their own groupSoviets form their own group::

The Warsaw Pact (1955)The Warsaw Pact (1955)a. Countries were forced to join!a. Countries were forced to join!

Poland, Hungary, East GermanyPoland, Hungary, East Germanyb. United all European communist b. United all European communist

nationsnations