8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
1/71
TheProjectGutenbergEtextofVoyager'sTales,byRichardHakluyt#2inourseriesbyRichardHakluyt
Copyrightlawsarechangingallovertheworld,besuretocheckthelawsforyourcountrybeforeredistributingthesefiles!!!
Pleasetakealookattheimportantinformationinthisheader.Weencourageyoutokeepthisfileonyourowndisk,keepinganelectronicpathopenforthenextreaders.
Pleasedonotremovethis.
Thisshouldbethefirstthingseenwhenanyoneopensthebook.Donotchangeoredititwithoutwrittenpermission.Thewordsarecarefullychosentoprovideuserswiththeinformationtheyneedaboutwhattheycanlegallydowiththetexts.
**WelcomeToTheWorldofFreePlainVanillaElectronicTexts**
**EtextsReadableByBothHumansandByComputers,Since1971**
*****TheseEtextsArePreparedByThousandsofVolunteers!*****
InformationoncontactingProjectGutenbergtogetEtexts,andfurtherinformationisincludedbelow,includingfordonations.
TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationisa501(c)(3)organizationwithEIN[EmployeeIdentificationNumber]64-6221541
Title:Voyager'sTales
Author:RichardHakluyt
ReleaseDate:February,2003[Etext#3752][Yes,weareaboutoneyearaheadofschedule]
[Theactualdatethisfilefirstposted=08/21/01]
Edition:10
Language:English
ProjectGutenbergEtextofVoyager'sTales,byRichardHakluyt*****Thisfileshouldbenamedvgrtl10.txtorvgrtl10.zip*****
CorrectedEDITIONSofouretextsgetanewNUMBER,vgrtl11.txtVERSIONSbasedonseparatesourcesgetnewLETTER,vgrtl10a.txt
ThisetextwasproducedbyLesBowler,St.Ives,Dorset.
ProjectGutenbergEtextsareusuallycreatedfrommultipleeditions,allofwhichareinthePublicDomainintheUnitedStates,unlessacopyrightnoticeisincluded.Therefore,weusuallydoNOTkeepanyofthesebooksincompliancewithanyparticularpaperedition.
Wearenowtryingtoreleaseallourbooksoneyearinadvanceoftheofficialreleasedates,leavingtimeforbetterediting.Pleasebeencouragedtosenduserrormessagesevenyearsaftertheofficialpublicationdate.
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
2/71
Pleasenoteneitherthislistingnoritscontentsarefinaltilmidnightofthelastdayofthemonthofanysuchannouncement.TheofficialreleasedateofallProjectGutenbergEtextsisatMidnight,CentralTime,ofthelastdayofthestatedmonth.Apreliminaryversionmayoftenbepostedforsuggestion,commentandeditingbythosewhowishtodoso.
Mostpeoplestartatoursitesat:http://gutenberg.nethttp://promo.net/pg
ThoseofyouwhowanttodownloadanyEtextbeforeannouncementcansurftothemasfollows,andjustdownloadbydate;thisisalsoagoodwaytogettheminstantlyuponannouncement,astheindexesourcataloguersproduceobviouslytakeawhileafteranannouncementgoesoutintheProjectGutenbergNewsletter.
http://www.ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext03orftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03
Or/etext02,01,00,99,98,97,96,95,94,93,92,92,91or90
Justsearchbythefirstfivelettersofthefilenameyouwant,asitappearsinourNewsletters.
InformationaboutProjectGutenberg(onepage)
Weproduceabouttwomilliondollarsforeachhourwework.Thetimeittakesus,aratherconservativeestimate,isfiftyhourstogetanyetextselected,entered,proofread,edited,copyrightsearchedandanalyzed,thecopyrightletterswritten,etc.Thisprojectedaudienceisonehundredmillionreaders.Ifourvaluepertextisnominallyestimatedatonedollarthenweproduce$2
milliondollarsperhourthisyearaswereleasefiftynewEtextfilespermonth,or500moreEtextsin2000foratotalof3000+Iftheyreachjust1-2%oftheworld'spopulationthenthetotalshouldreachover300billionEtextsgivenawaybyyear'send.
TheGoalofProjectGutenbergistoGiveAwayOneTrillionEtextFilesbyDecember31,2001.[10,000x100,000,000=1Trillion]Thisistenthousandtitleseachtoonehundredmillionreaders,whichisonlyabout4%ofthepresentnumberofcomputerusers.
Atourrevisedratesofproduction,wewillreachonlyone-thirdofthatgoalbytheendof2001,orabout4,000Etextsunlesswemanagetogetsomerealfunding.
TheProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundationhasbeencreatedtosecureafutureforProjectGutenbergintothenextmillennium.
Weneedyourdonationsmorethanever!
AsofJuly12,2001contributionsareonlybeingsolicitedfrompeoplein:Arkansas,Colorado,Connecticut,Delaware,Florida,Georgia,Hawaii,Idaho,
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
3/71
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
4/71
***
Ifyoucan'treachProjectGutenberg,youcanalwaysemaildirectlyto:
MichaelS.Hart
[email protected]@prairienet.organdarchive.orgifyourmailbouncesfromarchive.org,Iwillstillseeit,ifitbouncesfromprairienet.org,betterresendlateron....
Prof.Hartwillanswerorforwardyourmessage.
Wewouldprefertosendyouinformationbyemail.
***
Examplecommand-lineFTPsession:
ftpftp.ibiblio.orglogin:anonymous
password:your@logincdpub/docs/books/gutenbergcdetext90throughetext99oretext00throughetext02,etc.dir[toseefiles]getormget[togetfiles...setbinforzipfiles]GETGUTINDEX.??[togetayear'slistingofbooks,e.g.,GUTINDEX.99]GETGUTINDEX.ALL[togetalistingofALLbooks]
**TheLegalSmallPrint**
(ThreePages)
***START**THESMALLPRINT!**FORPUBLICDOMAINETEXTS**START***Whyisthis"SmallPrint!"statementhere?Youknow:lawyers.Theytellusyoumightsueusifthereissomethingwrongwithyourcopyofthisetext,evenifyougotitforfreefromsomeoneotherthanus,andevenifwhat'swrongisnotourfault.So,amongotherthings,this"SmallPrint!"statementdisclaimsmostofourliabilitytoyou.Italsotellsyouhowyoumaydistributecopiesofthisetextifyouwantto.
*BEFORE!*YOUUSEORREADTHISETEXTByusingorreadinganypartofthisPROJECTGUTENBERG-tmetext,youindicatethatyouunderstand,agreetoandaccept
this"SmallPrint!"statement.Ifyoudonot,youcanreceivearefundofthemoney(ifany)youpaidforthisetextbysendingarequestwithin30daysofreceivingittothepersonyougotitfrom.Ifyoureceivedthisetextonaphysicalmedium(suchasadisk),youmustreturnitwithyourrequest.
ABOUTPROJECTGUTENBERG-TMETEXTSThisPROJECTGUTENBERG-tmetext,likemostPROJECTGUTENBERG-tmetexts,isa"publicdomain"workdistributedbyProfessorMichaelS.HartthroughtheProjectGutenbergAssociation(the"Project").
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
5/71
Amongotherthings,thismeansthatnooneownsaUnitedStatescopyrightonorforthiswork,sotheProject(andyou!)cancopyanddistributeitintheUnitedStateswithoutpermissionandwithoutpayingcopyrightroyalties.Specialrules,setforthbelow,applyifyouwishtocopyanddistributethisetextunderthe"PROJECTGUTENBERG"trademark.
Pleasedonotusethe"PROJECTGUTENBERG"trademarktomarketanycommercialproductswithoutpermission.
Tocreatetheseetexts,theProjectexpendsconsiderableeffortstoidentify,transcribeandproofreadpublicdomainworks.Despitetheseefforts,theProject'setextsandanymediumtheymaybeonmaycontain"Defects".Amongotherthings,Defectsmaytaketheformofincomplete,inaccurateorcorruptdata,transcriptionerrors,acopyrightorotherintellectualpropertyinfringement,adefectiveordamageddiskorotheretextmedium,acomputervirus,orcomputercodesthatdamageorcannotbereadbyyourequipment.
LIMITEDWARRANTY;DISCLAIMEROFDAMAGESButforthe"RightofReplacementorRefund"describedbelow,[1]MichaelHartandtheFoundation(andanyotherpartyyoumay
receivethisetextfromasaPROJECTGUTENBERG-tmetext)disclaimsallliabilitytoyoufordamages,costsandexpenses,includinglegalfees,and[2]YOUHAVENOREMEDIESFORNEGLIGENCEORUNDERSTRICTLIABILITY,ORFORBREACHOFWARRANTYORCONTRACT,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOINDIRECT,CONSEQUENTIAL,PUNITIVEORINCIDENTALDAMAGES,EVENIFYOUGIVENOTICEOFTHEPOSSIBILITYOFSUCHDAMAGES.
IfyoudiscoveraDefectinthisetextwithin90daysofreceivingit,youcanreceivearefundofthemoney(ifany)youpaidforitbysendinganexplanatorynotewithinthattimetothepersonyoureceiveditfrom.Ifyoureceiveditonaphysicalmedium,youmustreturnitwithyournote,and
suchpersonmaychoosetoalternativelygiveyouareplacementcopy.Ifyoureceiveditelectronically,suchpersonmaychoosetoalternativelygiveyouasecondopportunitytoreceiveitelectronically.
THISETEXTISOTHERWISEPROVIDEDTOYOU"AS-IS".NOOTHERWARRANTIESOFANYKIND,EXPRESSORIMPLIED,AREMADETOYOUASTOTHEETEXTORANYMEDIUMITMAYBEON,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOWARRANTIESOFMERCHANTABILITYORFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.
Somestatesdonotallowdisclaimersofimpliedwarrantiesortheexclusionorlimitationofconsequentialdamages,sothe
abovedisclaimersandexclusionsmaynotapplytoyou,andyoumayhaveotherlegalrights.
INDEMNITYYouwillindemnifyandholdMichaelHart,theFoundation,anditstrusteesandagents,andanyvolunteersassociatedwiththeproductionanddistributionofProjectGutenberg-tmtextsharmless,fromallliability,costandexpense,includinglegalfees,thatarisedirectlyorindirectlyfromanyofthefollowingthatyoudoorcause:[1]distributionofthisetext,
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
6/71
[2]alteration,modification,oradditiontotheetext,or[3]anyDefect.
DISTRIBUTIONUNDER"PROJECTGUTENBERG-tm"Youmaydistributecopiesofthisetextelectronically,orbydisk,bookoranyothermediumifyoueitherdeletethis"SmallPrint!"andallotherreferencestoProjectGutenberg,or:
[1]Onlygiveexactcopiesofit.Amongotherthings,thisrequiresthatyoudonotremove,alterormodifytheetextorthis"smallprint!"statement.Youmayhowever,ifyouwish,distributethisetextinmachinereadablebinary,compressed,mark-up,orproprietaryform,includinganyformresultingfromconversionbywordprocessingorhypertextsoftware,butonlysolongas*EITHER*:
[*]Theetext,whendisplayed,isclearlyreadable,anddoes*not*containcharactersotherthanthoseintendedbytheauthorofthework,althoughtilde(~),asterisk(*)andunderline(_)charactersmaybeusedtoconveypunctuationintendedbytheauthor,andadditionalcharactersmaybeusedto
indicatehypertextlinks;OR
[*]TheetextmaybereadilyconvertedbythereaderatnoexpenseintoplainASCII,EBCDICorequivalentformbytheprogramthatdisplaystheetext(asisthecase,forinstance,withmostwordprocessors);OR
[*]Youprovide,oragreetoalsoprovideonrequestatnoadditionalcost,feeorexpense,acopyoftheetextinitsoriginalplainASCIIform(orinEBCDICorotherequivalentproprietaryform).
[2]Honortheetextrefundandreplacementprovisionsofthis"SmallPrint!"statement.
[3]PayatrademarklicensefeetotheFoundationof20%ofthegrossprofitsyouderivecalculatedusingthemethodyoualreadyusetocalculateyourapplicabletaxes.Ifyoudon'tderiveprofits,noroyaltyisdue.Royaltiesarepayableto"ProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation"the60daysfollowingeachdateyouprepare(orwerelegallyrequiredtoprepare)yourannual(orequivalentperiodic)taxreturn.Pleasecontactusbeforehandtoletusknowyourplansandtoworkoutthedetails.
WHATIFYOU*WANT*TOSENDMONEYEVENIFYOUDON'THAVETO?ProjectGutenbergisdedicatedtoincreasingthenumberofpublicdomainandlicensedworksthatcanbefreelydistributedinmachinereadableform.
TheProjectgratefullyacceptscontributionsofmoney,time,publicdomainmaterials,orroyaltyfreecopyrightlicenses.Moneyshouldbepaidtothe:"ProjectGutenbergLiteraryArchiveFoundation."
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
7/71
Ifyouareinterestedincontributingscanningequipmentorsoftwareorotheritems,pleasecontactMichaelHartat:[email protected]
[Portionsofthisheaderarecopyright(C)2001byMichaelS.HartandmaybereprintedonlywhentheseEtextsarefreeofallfees.][ProjectGutenbergisaTradeMarkandmaynotbeusedinanysalesofProjectGutenbergEtextsorothermaterialsbetheyhardwareorsoftwareoranyotherrelatedproductwithoutexpresspermission.]
*ENDTHESMALLPRINT!FORPUBLICDOMAINETEXTS*Ver.07/27/01*END*
ThisetextwasproducedbyLesBowler,St.Ives,Dorset.
VOYAGER'STALES,FROMTHECOLLECTIONSOFRICHARDHAKLUYT.
INTRODUCTION.
RichardHakluyt,notwithstandingtheDutchlookofhisname,wasofagoodBritishstock,fromWalesortheWelshborders.Atthebeginningofthefourteenthcenturyanancestorofhis,HugoHakelute,satinParliamentasmemberforLeominster.
RichardHakluyt,bornaboutfiveyearsbeforetheaccessionofQueenElizabeth,wasaboyatWestminsterSchool,whenvisitstoacousinintheMiddleTemple,alsoaRichardHakluyt,firstplantedinhiman
enthusiasmforthestudyofadventuretowardsawideruseandknowledgeoftheglobeweliveupon.AsastudentatChristChurch,Oxford,allhisleisurewasspentonthecollectionandreadingofaccountsofvoyageandadventure.HegraduatedasB.A.in1574,asM.A.in1577,andlecturedpubliclyupongeography,showing"boththeoldimperfectlycomposed,andthenewlatelyreformedmaps,globes,spheres,andotherinstrumentsofthisart."
In1582Hakluyt,attheageofabouttwenty-nine,issuedhisfirstpublication:"DiversVoyagestouchingtheDiscoveryofAmericaandtheLandsadjacentuntothesame,madefirstofallbyourEnglishmen,andafterwardsbytheFrenchmenandBretons:andcertainNotesofAdvertisementsforObservations,necessaryforsuchasshallhereafter
makethelikeAttempt."HisresearcheshadalreadymadehimthepersonalfriendofthefamousseacaptainsofElizabeth'sreign.In1583hehadtakenorders,andwenttoParisaschaplaintotheEnglishambassador,SirEdwardStafford.FromParishereturnedtoEnglandforashorttime,in1584,andlaidbeforetheQueenapaperrecommendingtheplantationofunsettledpartsofAmerica.Itwascalled"AparticularDiscourseconcerningWesternDiscoveries,writtenintheyear1584,byRichardHakluyt,ofOxford,attherequestanddirectionoftherightworshipfulMr.WalterRaleigh,beforethecominghomeofhistwobarks."RaleighandHakluytwerewithinayearofthesame
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
8/71
age.
TofoundacolonialempireinAmericabysettlinguponnewlands,andbydispossessingSpaniards,wasoneofthegrandideasofWalterRaleigh,whoobtained,onthe25thofMarchinthatyear,1584,apatentauthorisinghimtosearchoutandtakepossessionofnewlandsintheWesternworld.Hethenfittedouttwoships,whichleftEnglandonthe27thofApril,underthecommandofPhilipAmadasandArthurBarlow.InJunetheyhadreachedtheWestIndies,thentheysailednorthbythecoastsofFloridaandCarolina,andtheyhadwiththemtwonativeswhentheyreturnedtoEnglandinSeptember,1584.InDecemberRaleigh'spatentwasenlargedandconfirmed,andpresentlyafterwardsRaleighwasknighted.
RichardHakluyt'spaper,inaidofthisbeginningoftheshapingofanotherEnglandintheNewWorld,wasforalongtimelost.Itwasfirstprintedin1877atCambridge,Massachusetts,amongtheCollectionsoftheMaineHistoricalSociety.ItwonforitsauthorapromiseofthenextvacantprebendatBristol;thevacancycameaboutayearlater,andtheRev.RichardHakluytwasadmittedtoitin1586.
HakluytremainedaboutfiveyearsatParisasChaplaintotheEnglishEmbassy,andwhiletherehecausedthepublicationin1586ofanaccountbyLaudonniereofvoyagesintoFlorida.Thishealso
translatedandpublished,inLondon,in1587,as"ANotableHistorycontainingFourVoyagesmadebycertainFrenchCaptainsintoFlorida."In1588HakluytreturnedtoEngland,andinthenextyear,1589,hepublishedinonefoliovolume,"ThePrincipalNavigations,Voyages,andDiscoveriesoftheEnglishNation."InAprilofthenextyearhebecamerectorofWitheringsett-cum-Brockford,inSuffolk.Thefulldevelopmentofhisworkappearedinthreevolumesfoliointheyears1598,1599,and16OO,as"ThePrincipalNavigations,Voyages,Traffics,andDiscoveriesoftheEnglishNation,"thefirstofthesevolumesdifferingmateriallyfromthevolumethathadappearedin1589.
Hakluytbecame,inMay,16O2,prebendary,andin16O3archdeaconofWestminster.Hewastwicemarried,diedaboutsixmonthsafter
Shakespeare,andwasburiedinWestminsterAbbeyonthe26thofNovember,1616.
H.M.
VOYAGERS'TALES.
THEWORTHYENTERPRISEOFJOHNFOX,ANENGLISHMAN,INDELIVERING266
CHRISTIANSOUTOFTHECAPTIVITYOFTHETURKSATALEXANDRIA,THE3RDOFJANUARY,1577.
AmongourmerchantshereinEngland,itisacommonvoyagetotraffictoSpain;whereuntoashipcalledtheThreeHalfMoons,mannedwitheightandthirtymen,wellfencedwithmunitions,thebettertoencountertheirenemieswithal,andhavingwindandtide,setfromPortsmouth1563,andbendedherjourneytowardsSeville,acityinSpain,intendingtheretotrafficwiththem.AndfallingneartheStraits,theyperceivedthemselvestobebesetroundaboutwitheight
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
9/71
galleysoftheTurks,insuchwisethattherewasnowayforthemtoflyortoescapeaway,butthateithertheymustyieldorelsebesunk,whichtheownerperceiving,manfullyencouragedhiscompany,exhortingthemvaliantlytoshowtheirmanhood,showingthemthatGodwastheirGod,andnottheirenemies',requestingthemalsonottofaintinseeingsuchaheapoftheirenemiesreadytodevourthem;puttingtheminmindalso,thatifitwereGod'spleasuretogivethemintotheirenemies'hands,itwasnottheythatoughttoshowonedispleasantlookorcountenancethereagainst;buttotakeitpatiently,andnottoprescribeadayandtimefortheirdeliverance,asthecitizensofBethuliadid,buttoputthemselvesunderHismercy.Andagain,ifitwereHismindandgoodwilltoshowHismightypowerbythem,iftheirenemiesweretentimessomany,theywerenotabletostandintheirhands;puttingthem,likewise,inmindoftheoldandancientworthinessoftheircountrymen,whointhehardestextremitieshavealwaysmostprevailed,andgoneawayconquerors;yea,andwhereithathbeenalmostimpossible."Such,"quothhe,"hathbeenthevaliantnessofourcountrymen,andsuchhathbeenthemightypowerofourGod."
Withsuchotherlikeencouragements,exhortingthemtobehavethemselvesmanfully,theyfellallontheirknees,makingtheirprayersbrieflyuntoGod;who,beingallrisenupagain,perceivedtheirenemies,bytheirsignsanddefiances,benttothespoil,whosemercywasnothingelsebutcruelty;whereuponeverymantookhimtohis
weapon.
ThenstooduponeGrove,themaster,beingacomelyman,withhisswordandtarget,holdingthemupindefianceagainsthisenemies.Solikewisestooduptheowner,themaster'smate,boatswain,purser,andeverymanwellappointed.Nowlikewisesoundedupthedrums,trumpets,andflutes,whichwouldhaveencouragedanyman,hadheneversolittleheartorcourageinhim.
ThentakethhimtohischargeJohnFox,thegunner,inthedisposingofhispieces,inordertothebesteffect,and,sendinghisbulletstowardstheTurks,wholikewisebestowedtheirpiecesthriceasfasttowardstheChristians.Butshortlytheydrewnear,sothatthebowmen
felltotheirchargeinsendingforththeirarrowssothickamongstthegalleys,andalsoindoublingtheirshotsosoreuponthegalleys,thatthereweretwicesomanyoftheTurksslainasthenumberoftheChristianswereinall.ButtheTurksdischargedtwiceasfastagainsttheChristians,andsolong,thattheshipwasverysorestrickenandbruisedunderwater;whichtheTurks,perceiving,madethemorehastetocomeaboardtheship:which,eretheycoulddo,manyaTurkboughtitdearlywiththelossoftheirlives.Yetwasallinvain;boardedtheywere,wheretheyfoundsohotaskirmish,thatithadbeenbettertheyhadnotmeddledwiththefeast;fortheEnglishmenshowedthemselvesmenindeed,inworkingmanfullywiththeirbrownbillsandhalberds,wheretheowner,master,boatswain,andtheircompanystoodtoitsolustily,thattheTurkswerehalfdismayed.Butchieflythe
boatswainshowedhimselfvaliantabovetherest,forhefaredamongsttheTurkslikeawoodlion;fortherewasnoneofthemthateithercouldordurststandinhisface,tillatlasttherecameashotfromtheTurkswhichbrakehiswhistleasunder,andsmotehimonthebreast,sothathefelldown,biddingthemfarewell,andtobeofgoodcomfort,encouragingthem,likewise,towinpraisebydeath,ratherthantolivecaptivesinmiseryandshame,whichthey,hearing,indeed,intendedtohavedone,asitappearedbytheirskirmish;butthepressandstoreoftheTurksweresogreat,thattheywerenotlongabletoendure,butweresooverpressed,thattheycouldnotwieldtheirweapons,byreason
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
10/71
whereoftheymustneedsbetaken,whichnoneofthemintendedtohavebeen,butrathertohavedied,exceptonlythemaster'smate,whoshrunkfromtheskirmish,likeanotablecoward,esteemingneitherthevalueofhisname,noraccountingofthepresentexampleofhisfellows,norhavingrespecttothemiserieswhereuntoheshouldbeput.Butinfine,soitwas,thattheTurkswerevictors,whereoftheyhadnogreatcausetorejoiceortriumph.ThenwouldithavegrievedanyhardhearttoseetheseinfidelssoviolentlyentreatingtheChristians,nothavinganyrespectoftheirmanhood,whichtheyhadtastedof,noryetrespectingtheirownstate,howtheymighthavemetwithsuchabootyasmighthavegiventhemtheoverthrow;butnoremorsehereof,oranythingelsedothbridletheirfierceandtyrannousdealing,buttheChristiansmustneedstothegalleys,toserveinnewoffices;andtheywerenosoonerinthem,buttheirgarmentswerepulledovertheirears,andtornfromtheirbacks,andtheysettotheoars.
Iwillmakenomentionoftheirmiseries,beingnowundertheirenemies'ragingstripes.Ithinkthereisnomanwilljudgetheirfaregood,ortheirbodiesunloadenofstripes,andnotpesteredwithtoomuchheat,andalsowithtoomuchcold;butIwillgotomypurpose,whichistoshowtheendofthosebeinginmeremisery,whichcontinuallydocallonGodwithasteadfasthopethatHewilldeliverthem,andwithasurefaiththatHecandoit.
NightothecityofAlexandria,beingahaventown,andunderthedominionoftheTurks,thereisaroad,beingmadeveryfenciblewithstrongwalls,whereintotheTurksdocustomablybringtheirgalleysonshoreeveryyear,inthewinterseason,andtheredotrimthem,andlaythemupagainstthespring-time;inwhichroadthereisaprison,whereinthecaptivesandsuchprisonersasserveinthegalleysareputforallthattime,untiltheseasbecalmandpassableforthegalleys,everyprisonerbeingmostgrievouslyladenwithironsontheirlegs,totheirgreatpain,andsoredisablingofthemtoanylabour;intowhichprisonweretheseChristiansputandfastwardedallthewinterseason.Butereitwaslong,themasterandtheowner,bymeansoffriends,wereredeemed,therestabidingstillinthemisery,whilethatthey
wereall,throughreasonoftheirill-usageandworsefare,miserablystarved,savingoneJohnFox,who(assomemencanabideharderandmoremiserythanothersomecan,socansomelikewisemakemoreshift,andworkmoredutiestohelptheirstateandliving,thanothersomecando)beingsomewhatskilfulinthecraftofabarber,byreasonthereofmadegreatshiftinhelpinghisfarenowandthenwithagoodmeal.Insomuch,tillatthelastGodsenthimfavourinthesightofthekeeperoftheprison,sothathehadleavetogoinandouttotheroadathispleasure,payingacertainstipenduntothekeeper,andwearingalockabouthisleg,whichlibertylikewisefivemorehaduponlikesufferance,who,byreasonoftheirlongimprisonment,notbeingfearedorsuspectedtostartaside,orthattheywouldworktheTurksanymischief,hadlibertytogoinandoutatthesaidroad,insuch
mannerasthisJohnFoxdid,withironsontheirlegs,andtoreturnagainatnight.
IntheyearofourLord1577,inthewinterseason,thegalleyshappilycomingtotheiraccustomedharbourage,andbeingdischargedofalltheirmasts,sails,andothersuchfurnituresasuntogalleysdoappertain,andallthemastersandmarinersofthembeingthennestedintheirownhomes,thereremainedintheprisonofthesaidroadtwohundredthreescoreandeightChristianprisonerswhohadbeentakenbytheTurks'force,andwereoffifteensundrynations.Amongwhich
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
11/71
therewerethreeEnglishmen,whereofonewasnamedJohnFox,ofWoodbridge,inSuffolk,theotherWilliamWickney,ofPortsmouth,inthecountyofSouthampton,andthethirdRobertMoore,ofHarwich,inthecountyofEssex;whichJohnFox,havingbeenthirteenorfourteenyearsundertheirgentleentreatance,andbeingtoowearythereof,mindinghisescape,weighedwithhimselfbywhatmeansitmightbebroughttopass,andcontinuallyponderingwithhimselfthereof,tookagoodheartuntohim,inthehopethatGodwouldnotbealwaysscourgingHischildren,andneverceasingtoprayHimtofurtherhisintendedenterprise,ifthatitshouldredoundtoHisglory.
Notfarfromtheroad,andsomewhatfromthence,atonesideofthecity,therewasacertainvictuallinghouse,whichonePeterVuticarohadhired,payingalsoacertainfeeuntothekeeperoftheroad.ThisPeterVuticarowasaSpaniardborn,andaChristian,andhadbeenprisonerabovethirtyyears,andneverpractisedanymeanstoescape,butkepthimselfquietwithouttouchorsuspectofanyconspiracy,untilthatnowthisJohnFoxusingmuchthither,theybrakeonetoanothertheirminds,concerningtherestraintoftheirlibertyandimprisonment.SothatthisJohnFox,atlengthopeninguntothisVuticarothedevicewhichhewouldfainputinpractice,madeprivyonemoretothistheirintent;whichthreedebatedofthismatteratsuchtimesastheycouldcompasstomeettogether,insomuchthat,atsevenweeks'endtheyhadsufficientlyconcludedhowthemattershouldbe,if
itpleasedGodtofurtherthemthereto;who,makingfivemoreprivytothistheirdevice,whomtheythoughtthattheymightsafelytrust,determinedinthreenightsaftertoaccomplishtheirdeliberatepurpose.WhereuponthesameJohnFoxandPeterVuticaro,andtheotherfiveappointedtomeetalltogetherintheprisonthenextday,beingthelastdayofDecember,wherethisJohnFoxcertifiedtherestoftheprisonerswhattheirintentanddevicewas,andhowandwhentheymindedtobringthatpurposetopass,whothereuntopersuadedthemwithoutmuchadotofurthertheirdevice;which,thesameJohnFoxseeing,delivereduntothemasortoffiles,whichhehadgatheredtogetherforthispurposebythemeansofPeterVuticaro,chargingthemthateverymanshouldbeready,dischargedofhisirons,byeightoftheclockonthenextdayatnight.
Onthenextdayatnight,thesaidJohnFox,andhisfiveothercompanions,beingallcometothehouseofPeterVuticaro,passingthetimeawayinmirthforfearofsuspecttillthenightcameon,sothatitwastimeforthemtoputinpracticetheirdevice,sentPeterVuticarotothemasteroftheroad,inthenameofoneofthemastersofthecity,withwhomthiskeeperwasacquainted,andatwhoserequesthealsowouldcomeatthefirst;whodesiredhimtotakethepainstomeethimthere,promisinghimthathewouldbringhimbackagain.Thekeeperagreedtogowithhim,askingthewardersnottobarthegate,sayingthathewouldnotstaylong,butwouldcomeagainwithallspeed.
Inthemean-season,theothersevenhadprovidedthemofsuchweaponsastheycouldgetinthathouse,andJohnFoxtookhimtoanoldrustysword-bladewithouteitherhiltorpommel,whichhemadetoservehisturninbendingthehandendoftheswordinsteadofapommel,andtheotherhadgotsuchspitsandglavesastheyfoundinthehouse.
Thekeeperbeingnowcomeuntothehouse,andperceivingnolightnorhearinganynoise,straightwaysuspectedthematter;andreturningbackward,JohnFox,standingbehindthecornerofthehouse,steppedforthuntohim;who,perceivingittobeJohnFox,said,"OFox,what
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
12/71
haveIdeservedoftheethatthoushouldestseekmydeath?"
"Thouvillain,"quothFox,"hastbeenabloodsuckerofmanyaChristian'sblood,andnowthoushaltknowwhatthouhastdeservedatmyhands,"wherewithheliftuphisbrightshiningswordoftenyears'rust,andstrokehimsomainablow,astherewithalhisheadclaveasundersothathefellstarkdeadtotheground.WhereuponPeterVuticarowentinandcertifiedtheresthowthecasestoodwiththekeeper,andtheycamepresentlyforth,andsomewiththeirspitsranhimthrough,andtheotherwiththeirglaveshewedhiminsunder,cutoffhishead,andmangledhimsothatnomanshoulddiscernwhathewas.
Thenmarchedtheytowardtheroad,whereintotheyenteredsoftly,wherewerefivewarders,whomoneofthemasked,saying,whowasthere?QuothFoxandhiscompany,"Allfriends."Whichwhentheywereallwithinprovedcontrary;for,quothFox,"Mymasters,hereisnottoeverymanaman,whereforelookyou,playyourparts."Whosobehavedthemselvesindeed,thattheyhaddespatchedthesefivequickly.ThenJohnFox,intendingnottobebarrenofhisenterprise,andmindingtoworksurelyinthatwhichhewentabout,barredthegatesurely,andplantedacannonagainstit.
Thenenteredtheyintothejailer'slodge,wheretheyfoundthekeysof
thefortressandprisonbyhisbedside,andtheregottheyallbetterweapons.Inthischamberwasachestwhereinwasarichtreasure,andallinducats,whichthisPeterVuticaroandtwomoreopening,stuffedthemselvessofullastheycouldbetweentheirshirtsandtheirskin;whichJohnFoxwouldnotoncetouchandsaid,"thatitwashisandtheirlibertywhichhefoughtfor,tothehonourofhisGod,andnottomakeamartofthewickedtreasureoftheinfidels."Yetdidthesewordssinknothinguntotheirstomachs;theydiditforagoodintent.SodidSaulsavethefattestoxentoofferuntotheLord,andtheytoservetheirownturn.ButneitherdidSaulscapethewrathofGodtherefor,neitherhadthesethatthingwhichtheydesiredso,anddidthirstafter.SuchisGod'sjustice.Hethattheyputtheirtrustintodeliverthemfromthetyrannoushandsoftheirenemies,he,Isay,
couldsupplytheirwantofnecessaries.
Nowtheseeight,beingarmedwithsuchweaponsastheythoughtwellof,thinkingthemselvessufficientchampionstoencounterastrongerenemy,andcominguntotheprison,Foxopenedthegatesanddoorsthereof,andcalledforthalltheprisoners,whomheset,sometorammingupthegate,sometothedressingupofacertaingalleywhichwasthebestinalltheroad,andwascalled"TheCaptainofAlexandria,"whereintosomecarriedmasts,sails,oars,andothersuchfurniture,asdothbelonguntoagalley.
AttheprisonwerecertainwarderswhomJohnFoxandhiscompanyslew,inthekillingofwhomtherewereeightmoreoftheTurkswhich
perceivedthem,andgotthemtothetopoftheprison,untowhomJohnFoxandhiscompanywerefaintocomebyladders,wheretheyfoundahotskirmish,forsomeofthemwerethereslain,somewounded,andsomebutscarredandnothurt.AsJohnFoxwasthriceshotthroughhisapparel,andnothurt,PeterVuticaroandtheothertwo,thathadarmedthemwiththeducats,wereslain,asnotabletowieldthemselves,beingsopesteredwiththeweightanduneasycarryingofthewickedandprofanetreasure;andalsodiversChristianswereaswellhurtaboutthatskirmishasTurksslain.
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
13/71
AmongsttheTurkswasonethrustthrough,who(letusnotsaythatitwasill-fortune)fellofffromthetopoftheprisonwall,andmadesuchagroaningthattheinhabitantsthereabout(ashereandtherestoodahouseortwo),cameandquestionedhim,sothattheyunderstoodthecase,howthattheprisonerswerepayingtheirransoms;wherewiththeyraisedbothAlexandria,whichlayonthewestsideoftheroad,andacastlewhichwasatthecity'sendnexttotheroad,andalsoanotherfortresswhichlayonthenorthsideoftheroad,sothatnowtheyhadnowaytoescapebutone,whichbyman'sreason(thetwoholdslyingsouponthemouthoftheroad)mightseemimpossibletobeawayforthem.SowastheRedSeaimpossiblefortheIsraelitestopassthrough,thehillsandrockslaysoontheoneside,andtheirenemiescompassedthemontheother.SowasitimpossiblethatthewallsofJerichoshouldfalldown,beingneitherunderminednoryetrammedatwithengines,noryetanyman'swisdom,policy,orhelp,setorputthereunto.SuchimpossibilitiescanourGodmakepossible.Hethatheldthelion'sjawsfromrendingDanielasunder,yea,oryetfromoncetouchinghimtohishurt,cannotHeholdtheroaringcannonsofthishellishforce?Hethatkeptthefire'srageinthehotburningovenfromthethreechildrenthatpraisedHisname,cannotHekeepthefire'sflamingblastsfromamongHiselect?
Nowistheroadfraughtwithlustysoldiers,labourers,andmariners,whoarefaintostandtotheirtackling,insettingtoeverymanhis
hand,sometothecarryinginofvictuals,somemunitions,someoars,andsomeonethingsomeanother,butmostarekeepingtheirenemyfromthewalloftheroad.Buttobeshort,therewasnotimemisspent,nomanidle,noranyman'slabourill-bestowedorinvain.Sothatinshorttimethisgalleywasreadytrimmedup.Whereintoeverymanleapedinallhaste,hoistingupthesailslustily,yieldingthemselvestoHismercyandgrace,inWhosehandsisbothwindandweather.
Nowisthisgalleya-float,andoutoftheshelteroftheroad;nowhavethetwocastlesfullpoweruponthegalley;nowistherenoremedybuttosink.Howcanitbeavoided?Thecannonsletflyfrombothsides,andthegalleyiseveninthemiddestandbetweenthemboth.Whatmancandevisetosaveit?Thereisnomanbutwouldthinkit
mustneedsbesunk.
Therewasnotoneofthemthatfearedtheshotwhichwentthunderingroundabouttheirears,noryetwereoncescarredortouchedwithfiveandfortyshotwhichcamefromthecastles.HeredidGodholdforthHisbuckler,Heshieldethnowthisgalley,andhathtriedtheirfaithtotheuttermost.NowcomethHisspecialhelp;yea,evenwhenmanthinksthempastallhelp,thencomethHeHimselfdownfromHeavenwithHismightypower,thenisHispresentremedymostready.Fortheysailaway,beingnotoncetouchedbytheglanceofashot,andarequicklyoutoftheTurkishcannons'reach.Thenmighttheyseethemcomingdownbyheapstothewater'sside,incompanieslikeuntoswarmsofbees,makingshowtocomeafterthemwithgalleys,bustlingthemselves
todressupthegalleys,whichwouldbeaswiftpieceofworkforthemtodo,forthattheyhadneitheroars,masts,sails,noranythingelsereadyinanygalley.Butyettheyarecarryingintothem,someintoonegalley,andsomeintoanother,sothat,beingsuchaconfusionamongstthem,withoutanycertainguide,itwereathingimpossibletoovertaketheChristians;besidethat,therewasnomanthatwouldtakechargeofagalley,theweatherwassorough,andtherewassuchanamazednessamongstthem.Andverily,Ithinktheirgodwasamazedthereat;itcouldnotbebutthathemustblushforshame,hecanspeakneverawordfordulness,muchlesscanhehelptheminsuchan
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
14/71
extremity.Well,howsoeveritis,heisverymuchtoblametosufferthemtoreceivesuchagibe.Buthowsoevertheirgodbehavedhimself,ourGodshowedHimselfaGodindeed,andthatHewastheonlylivingGod;fortheseaswereswiftunderHisfaithful,whichmadetheenemiesaghasttobeholdthem;askilfullerpilotleadsthem,andtheirmarinersbestirthemlustily;buttheTurkshadneithermariners,pilot,noranyskilfulmaster,thatwasinreadinessatthispinch.
WhentheChristiansweresafeoutoftheenemy'scoast,JohnFoxcalledtothemall,tellingthemtobethankfuluntoAlmightyGodfortheirdelivery,andmosthumblytofalldownupontheirknees,beseechingHimtoaidthemtotheirfriends'land,andnottobringthemintoanotherdanger,sinceHehadmostmightilydeliveredthemfromsogreatathraldomandbondage.
Thuswheneverymanhadmadehispetition,theyfellstraightwaytotheirlabourwiththeoars,inhelpingoneanotherwhentheywerewearied,andwithgreatlabourstrivingtocometosomeChristianland,asnearastheycouldguessbythestars.Butthewindsweresocontrary,onewhiledrivingthemthisway,anotherwhilethatway,sothattheywerenowinanewmaze,thinkingthatGodhadforsakenthemandleftthemtoagreaterdanger.Andforasmuchastherewerenovictualsnowleftinthegalley,itmighthavebeenacausetothem(iftheyhadbeentheIsraelites),tohavemurmuredagainsttheirGod;but
theyknewhowthattheirGod,whohaddeliveredEgypt,wassuchalovingandmercifulGod,asthatHewouldnotsufferthemtobeconfoundedinwhomHehadwroughtsogreatawonder,butwhatcalamitysoevertheysustained,theyknewitwasbutfortheirfurthertrial,andalso(inputtingtheminmindoftheirfurthermisery),tocausethemnottotriumphandgloryinthemselvestherefor.Having,Isay,novictualsinthegalley,itmightseemonemiserycontinuallytofalluponanother'sneck;buttobebriefthefaminegrewtobesogreatthatintwenty-eightdays,whereintheywereonthesea,therediedeightpersons,totheastonishmentofalltherest.
Soitfelloutthatuponthetwenty-ninthdayaftertheysetfromAlexandria,theyfellontheisleofCandia,andlandedatGallipoli,
wheretheyweremademuchofbytheabbotandmonksthere,whocausedthemtostaytherewhiletheywerewellrefreshedandeased.TheykepttheretheswordwherewithJohnFoxhadkilledthekeeper,esteemingitasamostpreciousrelic,andhungitupforamonument.
Whentheythoughtgood,havingleavetodepartfromthence,theysailedalongthecoasttilltheyarrivedatTarento,wheretheysoldtheirgalley,anddividedit,everymanhavingapartthereof.TheTurksonreceivingsoshamefulafoilattheirhands,pursuedtheChristians,andscouredtheseas,wheretheycouldimaginethattheyhadbenttheircourse.AndtheChristianshaddepartedfromthenceontheonedayinthemorningandsevengalleysoftheTurkscamethitherthatnight,asitwascertifiedbythosewhofollowedFoxandhiscompany,fearing
lesttheyshouldhavebeenmetwith.AndthentheycameafoottoNaples,wheretheydepartedasunder,everymantakinghimtohisnextwayhome.FromwhenceJohnFoxtookhisjourneyuntoRome,wherehewaswellentertainedbyanEnglishmanwhopresentedhisworthydeeduntothePope,whorewardedhimliberally,andgavehimlettersuntotheKingofSpain,wherehewasverywellentertainedofhimthere,whoforthishismostworthyenterprisegavehiminfeetwentypenceaday.Fromwhence,beingdesiroustocomeintohisowncountry,hecamethitheratsuchtimeasheconvenientlycould,whichwasintheyearofourLordGod1579;whobeingcomeintoEnglandwentuntotheCourt,and
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
15/71
showedallhistraveluntotheCouncil,whoconsideringofthestateofthisman,inthathehadspentandlostagreatpartofhisyouthinthraldomandbondage,extendedtohimtheirliberalitytohelptomaintainhimnowinage,totheirrighthonourandtotheencouragementofalltrue-heartedChristians.
THECOPYOFTHECERTIFICATEFORJOHNFOXANDHISCOMPANY,MADEBYTHEPRIORANDTHEBRETHRENOFGALLIPOLI,WHERETHEYFIRSTLANDED.
We,thePriorandFathersoftheConventoftheAmerciates,ofthecityofGallipoli,oftheorderofPreachers,dotestifythatuponthe29thofJanuarylastpast,1577,therecameintothesaidcityacertaingalleyfromAlexandria,takenfromtheTurks,withtwohundredandfifty-eightChristians,whereofwasprincipalMasterJohnFox,anEnglishman,agunner,andoneofthechiefestthatdidaccomplishthatgreatwork,wherebysomanyChristianshaverecoveredtheirliberties,intokenandremembrancewhereof,uponourearnestrequesttothesameJohnFox,hehaslefthereanoldsword,wherewithheslewthekeeperoftheprison,whichswordwedoasamonumentandmemorialofsoworthyadeed,hangupinthechiefplaceofourconventhouse.Andforbecauseallthingsaforesaid,aresuchaswewilltestifytobetrue,astheyareorderlypassed,andhavethereforegoodcredit,that
somuchasisaboveexpressedistrue,andforthemorefaiththereof,we,thePriorandFathersaforesaid,haveratifiedandsubscribedthesepresents.GiveninGallipoli,the3rdofFebruary,1577.
I,FriarVINCENTBARBA,Priorofthesameplace,confirmthepremises,astheyareabovewritten.
I,FriarALBERTDAMARO,ofGallipoli,sub-prior,confirmasmuch.
I,FriarANTHONYCELLELER,ofGalli,confirmasaforesaid.
I,FriarBARTLEMEW,ofGallipoli,confirmasabovesaid.
I,FriarFRANCIS,ofGallipoli,confirmasmuch.
THEBISHOPOFROME,HISLETTERSINBEHALFOFJOHNFOX.
Beitknownuntoallmen,towhomthiswritingshallcome,thatthebringerhereof,JohnFox,Englishman,agunner,afterhehadservedcaptiveintheTurks'galleys,bythespaceoffourteenyears,atlength,throughGodhishelp,takinggoodopportunity,the3rdofJanuarylastpassed,slewthekeeperoftheprison(whomhefirststrokeontheface)togetherwithfourandtwentyotherTurks,bytheassistanceofhisfellow-prisoners;andwith266Christians(ofwhose
libertyhewastheauthor)launchedfromAlexandria,andfromthencearrivedfirstatGallipoli,inCandia,andafterwardsatTarento,inApulia;thewrittentestimonyandcreditofwhichthings,asalsoofothers,thesameJohnFoxhathinpublictablesfromNaples.
UponEasterEvehecametoRome,andisnowdeterminedtotakehisjourneytotheSpanishCourt,hopingtheretoobtainsomerelieftowardshisliving;whereforethepoordistressedmanhumblybeseecheth,andweinhisbehalf,dointhebowelsofChrist,desireyou,thattakingcompassionofhisformercaptivityandpresentpenury,
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
16/71
youdonotonlysufferhimfreelytopassthroughallyourcitiesandtowns,butalsosuccourhimwithyourcharitablealms,therewardwhereofyoushallhereaftermostassuredlyreceive,whichwehopeyouwillaffordtohim,whomwithtenderaffectionofpitywecommenduntoyou.AtRome,the2OthofApril,1577.
THOMASGROLOS,Englishman,BishopofAstraphen.
RICHARDSILLEUN,PriorAngliae.
ANDREASLUDOVICUS,RegistertoourSovereignLordthePope,whichforthegreatercreditofthepremises,havesetmysealtothesepresents.AtRome,thedayandyearabovewritten.
MAURICIUSCLEMENT,thegovernorandkeeperoftheEnglishhospitalinthecity.
THEKINGOFSPAIN,HISLETTERSTOTHELIEUTENANTFORTHEPLACINGOFJOHNFOXINTHEOFFICEOFAGUNNER,ETC.
Totheillustriousprince,VespasianGonsagaColonna,ourLieutenantandCaptain-GeneralofourrealmofValencia,havingconsiderationthat
JohnFox,Englishman,hathservedus,andwasoneofthemostprincipalwhichtookawayfromtheTurksacertaingalley,whichtheyhavebroughttoTaranto,whereinweretwohundredandfifty-eightChristiancaptives.Welicensehimtopractice,andgivehimtheofficeofagunner,andhaveordainedthathegotooursaidrealmtheretoserveinthesaidofficeinthegalleys,whichbyourcommandmentarelatelymade.Andwedocommandthatyoucausetobepaidtohimeightducatspayamonth,forthetimethatheshallserveinthesaidgalleysasagunner,ortillwecanotherwiseprovideforhim,thesaideightducatsmonthlyofthemoneywhichisalreadyofourprovision,presentandtocome,andtohaveregardofthosewhichcomewithhim.FromEscurialthe10thofAugust,1577.--I,theKing,
JUANDELGADO.
AndunderthataconfirmationoftheCouncil.
VERSESWRITTENBYA.M.TOTHECOURTEOUSREADERS,WHOWASPRESENTATROMEWHENJOHNFOXRECEIVEDHISLETTERSOFTHEPOPE.
Leavingatlargeallfablesvainlyused,Alltriflingtoysthatdonotruthimport,Lo,herehowtheend(atlength)thoughlongdiffused,Unfoldethplainatrueandrarereport;
Togladthosemindswhichseektheircountry'swealth,Byprofferedpainstoenlargehishappyhealth.AtRomeIwas,whenFoxdidtherearrive,ThereforeImaysufficientlyexpress,WhatgallantjoyhisdeedsdidtherereviveIntheheartsofthosewhichheardhisvaliantness.AndhowthePopedidrecompensehispains,Andlettersgavetomovehisgreatergains.
ButyetIknowthatmanydomisdoubt,
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
17/71
Thatthosehispainsarefablesanduntrue;NotonlyIinthiswillbearhimout,Butdiversemorethatdidhispatentsview.AnduntothosesoboldlyIdaresay,ThatnoughtbuttruthJohnFoxdothherebewray;Besideshere'sonewasslavewithhiminthrall,Latelyreturnedintoournativeland,Thiswitnesscanthismatterperfectall,Whatneedethmore?forwitnesshemaystand.AndthusIend,unfoldingwhatIknow,Theothermanmorelargerproofcanshow.Honosalitartes,A.M.
-----
THEVOYAGEMADETOTRIPOLISINBARBARY,INTHEYEAR1584,WITHASHIPCALLEDTHEJESUS,WHEREINTHEADVENTURESANDDISTRESSESOFSOMEENGLISHMENARETRULYREPORTED,ANDOTHERNECESSARYCIRCUMSTANCESOBSERVED.WRITTENBYTHOMASSANDERS.
ThisvoyagewassetforthbytheRightWorshipfulSirEdwardOsborne
Knight,chiefmerchantofalltheTurkishCompany,andoneMasterRichardStapers,theshipbeingoftheburdenofonehundredtons,calledtheJesus;shewasbuildedatFarmne,ariverbyPortsmouth.TheownerswereMasterThomasThompson,NicholasCarnabie,andJohnGilman.Themaster(underGod)wasoneZaccheusHellier,ofBlackwall,andhismatewasoneRichardMorris,ofthatplace;theirpilotwasoneAnthonyJerado,aFrenchman,oftheprovinceofMarseilles;thepurserwasoneWilliamThompson,ourowner'sson;themerchants'factorswereRomaineSonnings,aFrenchman,andRichardSkegs,servantuntothesaidMasterStapers.Theownerswerebounduntothemerchantsbycharterpartythereuponinonethousandmarks,thatthesaidship,byGod'spermissionshouldgoforTripolisinBarbary,thatistosay,firstfromPortsmouthtoNewhaveninNormandy,thencetoS.Lukar,otherwise
calledS.Lucas,inAndalusia,andfromthencetoTripolis,whichisintheeastpartofAfrica,andsotoreturnuntoLondon.
ButhereoughteverymantonoteandconsidertheworksofourGod,that(manytimes)whatmandothdetermineGoddothdisappoint.ThesaidmasterhavingsomeoccasiontogotoFarmne,tookwithhimthepilotandthepurser,andreturningagain,bymeansofagustofwind,theboatwhereintheywerewasdrowned,thesaidmaster,thepurser,andallthecompany;onlythesaidpilotbyexperienceinswimmingsavedhimself,thesewerethebeginningsofoursorrows.Afterwhichthesaidmaster'smatewouldnotproceedinthatvoyage,andtheownerhearingofthismisfortune,andtheunwillingnessofthemaster'smate,didsenddownoneRichardDeimondandshippedhimformaster,whodid
chooseforhismateoneAndrewDier,andsothesaidshipdepartedonhervoyageaccordingly;thatistosay,aboutthe16thofOctober,1584,shemadesailfromPortsmouth,andthe18thdaythennextfollowingshearrivedintoNewhaven,whereoursaidlastmasterDeimondbyasurfeitdied.ThefactorsthenappointedthesaidAndrewDier,beingthenmaster'smate,tobetheirmasterforthatvoyage,whodidchoosetobehismatesthetwoquarter-mastersofthesameship,towit,PeterAustineandShillabey,andforpurserwasshippedoneRichardBurges.Afterwardaboutthe8thdayofNovemberwemadesailforthward,andbyforceofweatherweweredrivenbackagaininto
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
18/71
Portsmouth,wherewerefreshedourvictualsandothernecessaries,andthenthewindcamefair.Aboutthe29thdaythennextfollowingwedepartedthence,andthe1stdayofDecember,bymeansofacontrarywind,weweredriventoPlymouth.The18thdaythennextfollowingwemadeforthwardagain,andbyforceofweatherweweredriventoFalmouth,whereweremaineduntilthe1stdayofJanuary,atwhichtimethewindcomingfairwedepartedthence,andaboutthe2OthdayofthesaidmonthwearrivedsafelyatS.Lucas.Andaboutthe9thdayofMarchnextfollowingwemadesailfromthence,andaboutthe18thdayofthesamemonthwecametoTripolisinBarbary,wherewewereverywellentertainedbythekingofthatcountryandalsoofthecommons.Thecommoditiesofthatplacearesweetoils;thekingthereisamerchant,andtherather(willingtopreferhimselfbeforehiscommons)requestedoursaidfactorstotrafficwithhim,andpromisedthemthatiftheywouldtakehisoilsathisownpricetheyshouldpaynomannerofcustom,andtheytookofhimcertaintonsofoil;andafterwardperceivingthattheymighthavefarbettercheap,notwithstandingthecustomfree,theydesiredthekingtolicensethemtotaketheoilsatthepleasureofhiscommons,forthathispricedidexceedtheirs;whereuntothekingwouldnotagree,butwasrathercontentedtoabatehisprice,insomuchthatthefactorsboughtalltheiroilsoftheking'scustomfree,andsoladedthesameaboard.
InthemeantimetherecametothatplaceoneMilesDickinson,inaship
ofBristol,whotogetherwithoursaidfactorstookahousetothemselvesthere.OurFrenchfactor,RomaineSonnings,desiredtobuyacommodityinthemarket,and,wantingmoney,desiredthesaidMilesDickinsontolendhimahundredchikinoesuntilhecametohislodging,whichhedid;andafterwardsthesameSonningsmetwithMilesDickinsoninthestreet,anddeliveredhimmoneyboundupinanapkin,saying,"MasterDickinson,thereisthemoneythatIborrowedofyou,"andsothankedhimforthesame.Hedoubtednothinglessthanfalsehood,whichisseldomknownamongmerchants,andspeciallybeingtogetherinonehouse,andisthemoredetestablebetweenChristians,theybeinginTurkeyamongtheheathen;thesaidDickinsondidnottellthemoneypresently,untilhecametohislodging,andthen,findingninechikinoeslackingofhishundred(whichwasaboutthreepounds,for
thateverychikinoeisworthsevenshillingsofEnglishmoney),hecametothesaidRomaineSonningsanddeliveredhimhishandkerchief,andaskedhimhowmanychikinoeshehaddeliveredhim.Sonningsanswered,"Ahundred";Dickinsonsaid"No";andsotheyprotestedandsworeonbothparts.ButintheendthesaidRomaineSonningsdidsweardeeplywithdetestableoathsandcurses;andprayedGodthathemightshowhisworksonhim,thatothermighttakeensamplethereby,andthathemightbehangedlikeadog,andnevercomeintoEnglandagain,ifhedidnotdeliveruntothesaidDickinsonahundredchikinoes.Andherebeholdanotableexampleofallblasphemers,cursers,andswearers,howGodrewardedhimaccordingly;formanytimesitcomethtopassthatGodshowethhismiraclesuponsuchmonstrousblasphemerstotheensampleofothers,asnowhereafteryoushallhearwhatbefelltothisRomaine
Sonnings.
Therewasamaninthesaidtownapledge,whosenamewasPatroneNorado,whotheyearbeforehaddonethisSonningssomepleasurethere.TheforesaidPatroneNoradowasindebteduntoaTurkofthattowninthesumoffourhundredandfiftycrowns,forcertaingoodssentbyhimintoChristendominashipofhisown,andbyhisownbrother,andhimselfremainedinTripolisaspledgeuntilhissaidbrother'sreturn;and,asthereportwentthere,hecameamonglewdcompany,andlosthisbrother'ssaidshipandgoodsatdice,andneverreturneduntohim
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
19/71
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
20/71
gagehislife;andatthefirstshothesplitourrudder'sheadinpieces,andthesecondshothestruckusunderwater,andthethirdshotheshotusthroughourforemastwithaculverinshot,andthus,hehavingrentbothourrudderandmastandshotusunderwater,wewereenforcedtogoinagain.
ThisSebastianforallhisdiligencehereinhadneitherhislibertynorahundredcrowns,sopromisedbythesaidking;but,afterhisservicedone,wascommittedagaintoprison,wherebymayappeartheregardthataTurkorinfidelhathofhiswork,althoughhebeabletoperformit--yea,more,thoughhebeaking.
Thenourmerchants,seeingnoremedy,they,togetherwithfiveofourcompany,wentashore;andtheythenceasedshooting.Theyshotuntousinthewholenine-and-thirtyshotswithoutthehurtofanyman.
Andwhenourmerchantscameashorethekingcommandedpresentlythatthey,withtherestofourcompanythatwerewiththem,shouldbechainedfourandfourtoahundredweightofiron,andwhenwecameinwiththeshiptherecamepresentlyaboveahundredTurksaboardofus,andtheysearchedusandstrippedourveryclothesfromourbacks,andbrokeopenourchests,andmadeaspoilofallthatwehad;andtheChristiancaitiffslikewisethatcameaboardofusmadespoilofourgoods,andusedusasillastheTurksdid.Andourmaster'smate,
havingaGenevaBibleinhishand,therecametheking'schiefgunnerandtookitoutfromhim,whoshowedmeofit;andI,havingthelanguage,wentpresentlytotheking'streasurer,andtoldhimofit,sayingthatsinceitwasthewillofGodthatweshouldfallintotheirhands,yetthattheyshouldgrantustouseourconsciencestoourowndiscretion,astheysufferedtheSpaniardsandothernationstousetheirs;andhegrantedus.ThenItoldhimthatthemastergunnerhadtakenawayaBiblefromoneofourmen:thetreasurerwentpresentlyandcommandedhimtodeliveruptheBibleagain,whichhedid.Andwithinalittleafterhetookitfromthemanagain,andIshowedthetreasurerofit,andpresentlyhecommandedhimtodeliveritagain,saying,"Thouvillain!wiltthouturntoChristianityagain?"forhewasarelagado,whichisonethatwasfirstaChristianandafterwards
becomethaTurk;andsohedeliveredmetheBiblethesecondtime.AndthenI,havingitinmyhand,thegunnercametome,andspakethesewords,saying,"Thoudog!Iwillhavethebookindespiteofthee!"andtookitfromme,saying,"Ifyoutelltheking'streasurerofitanymore,byMahometIwillberevengedofthee!"NotwithstandingIwentthethirdtimeuntotheking'streasurer,andtoldhimofit;andhecamewithme,sayingthusuntothegunner:"BytheheadoftheGreatTurkifthoutakeitfromhimagainthoushalthaveahundredbastinadoes."Andforthwithhedeliveredmethebook,sayinghehadnotthevalueofapinofthespoiloftheship--whichwasthebetterforhim,ashereafteryoushallhear;fortherewasnone,eitherChristianorTurk,thattookthevalueofapennyworthofourgoodsfromusbutperishedbothbodyandgoodswithinseventeenmonths
following,ashereaftershallplainlyappear.
ThencametheguardianBasha,whoisthekeeperoftheking'scaptives,tofetchusallashore;andthenI,rememberingthemiserableestateofpoordistressedcaptivesinthetimeoftheirbondagetothoseinfidels,wenttomineownchest,andtookoutthereofajarofoil,andfilledabasketfullofwhiteruske,tocarryashorewithme.ButbeforeIcametotheBaniotheTurkishboyshadtakenawayalmostallmybread,andthekeepersaid,"Delivermethejarofoil,andwhenthoucomesttotheBaniothoushalthaveitagain;"butIneverhadit
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
21/71
ofhimanymore.
ButwhenIcametotheBanioandsawourmerchantsandalltherestofourcompanyinchains,andweallreadytoreceivethesamereward,whatheartistheresohardbutwouldhavepitiedourcause,hearingorseeingthelamentablegreetingtherewasbetwixtus.AllthishappenedthefirstofMay,1584.
Andtheseconddayofthesamemonththekingwithallhiscouncilsatinjudgmentuponus.Thefirstthatwerehadforthtobearraignedwerethefactorsandthemasters,andthekingaskedthemwhereforetheycamenotashorewhenhesentforthem.AndRomaineSonningsansweredthat,thoughhewereakingonshore,andmightcommandthere,sowasheastouchingthosethatwereunderhim;andthereforesaid,ifanyoffencebe,thefaultiswhollyinmyselfandinnoother.ThenforthwiththekinggavejudgmentthatthesaidRomaineSonningsshouldbehangedoverthenorth-eastbulwark,fromwhenceheconveyedtheforenamedPatroneNorado.Andthenhecalledforourmaster,AndrewDier,andusedfewwordstohim,andsocondemnedhimtobehangedoverthewallsofthewesternmostbulwarks.
Thenfellourotherfactor,namedRichardSkegs,uponhiskneesbeforetheking,andsaid,"Ibeseechyourhighnesseithertopardonourmasterorelsesuffermetodieforhim,forheisignorantofthis
cause."Andthenthepeopleofthatcountry,favouringthesaidRichardSkegs,besoughtthekingtopardonthemboth.Sothenthekingspakethesewords:"Behold,forthysakeIpardonthemaster."ThenpresentlytheTurksshoutedandcried,saying,"Awaywiththemasterfromthepresenceoftheking."AndthenhecameintotheBaniowherewewere,andtolduswhathadhappened,andweallrejoicedatthegoodhapofMasterSkegs,thathewassaved,andourmasterforhissake.
Butafterwardsourjoywasturnedtodoublesorrow,forinthemeantimetheking'smindwasaltered:forthatoneofhiscouncilhadadvisedhimthat,unlessthemasterdiedalso,bythelawtheycouldnotconfiscatetheshipnorgoods,neithermakecaptiveanyofthemen.Whereuponthekingsentforourmasteragain,andgavehimanother
judgmentafterhispardonforonecause,whichwasthatheshouldbehanged.HerealltrueChristiansmayseewhattrustaChristianmanmayputinaninfidel'spromise,who,beingaking,pardonedamannow,asyouhaveheard,andwithinanhourafterhangedhimforthesamecausebeforeawholemultitude;andalsopromisedourfactorstheiroilscustomfree,andattheirgoingawaymadethempaytheuttermostpennyforthecustomthereof.
AndwhenthatRomaineSonningssawnoremedybutthatheshoulddie,heprotestedtoturnTurk,hopingtherebytohavesavedhislife.ThensaidtheTurk,"IfthouwiltturnTurk,speakthewordsthatthereuntobelong;"andhedidso.Thensaidtheyuntohim,"NowthoushaltdieinthefaithofaTurk;"andsohedid,astheTurksreportedthatwere
athisexecution;andtheforenamedPatroneNorado,whereasbeforehehadlibertyanddidnothing,hethenwascondemnedslaveperpetual,excepttherewerepaymentmadeoftheforesaidsumofmoney.
Thenthekingcondemnedallus,whowereinnumberfiveandtwenty,ofwhichtwowerehanged(asyouhaveheard)andonediedthefirstdaywecameonshorebythevisitationofAlmightyGod,andtheotherthreeandtwentyhecondemnedslavesperpetuallyuntotheGreatTurk,andtheshipandgoodswereconfiscatedtotheuseoftheGreatTurk;thenweallfelldownuponourknees,givingGodthanksforthissorrowful
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
22/71
visitationandgivingourselveswhollytothealmightypowerofGod,untowhomallsecretsareknown,thatHeofHisgoodnesswouldvouchsafetolookuponus.
HeremayalltrueChristianheartsseethewonderfulworksofGodshoweduponsuchinfidels,blasphemers,andrunagateChristians,andsoyoushallreadintheendofthisbookofthelikeupontheunfaithfulkingandallhischildren,andofasmanyastookanyportionofthesaidgoods.
Butfirsttoshowourmiserablebondageandslavery,anduntowhatsmallpittanceandallowanceweweretied,foreveryfivemenhadallowancebutfiveaspersofbreadinaday,whichisbuttwopenceEnglish,andourlodgingwastolieonthebareboards,withaverysimplecapetocoverus.Wewerealsoforciblyandmostviolentlyshaven,headandbeard,andwithinthreedaysafter,Iandfivemoreofmyfellows,togetherwithfourscoreItaliansandSpaniards,weresentforthinagaliottotakeaGreekcarmosel,whichcameintoArabiatostealnegroes,andwentoutofTripolisuntothatplacewhichwastwohundredandfortyleaguesthence;butwewerechainedthreeandthreetoanoar,andwerowednakedabovethegirdle,andtheboatswainofthegalleywalkedabaftthemast,andhismateaforethemast,andeachofthemawhipintheirhands,andwhentheirdevilishcholerrosetheywouldstriketheChristiansfornocause,andtheyallowedusbuthalf
apoundofbreadamaninaday,withoutanyotherkindofsustenance,waterexcepted.Andwhenwecametotheplacewherewesawthecarmosel,wewerenotsufferedtohaveneitherneedle,bodkin,knife,oranyotherinstrumentaboutus,noratanyothertimeinthenight,uponpainofonehundredbastinadoes:wewerethenalsocruellymanacled,insuchsortthatwecouldnotputourhandsthelengthofonefootasundertheonefromtheother,andeverynighttheysearchedourchainsthreetimes,toseeiftheywerefastriveted.Wecontinuedthefightwiththecarmoselthreehours,andthenwetookit,andlostbuttwoofourmeninthatfight;buttherewereslainoftheGreeksfive,andfourteenwerecruellyhurt;andtheythatwerefoundwerepresentlymadeslaves,andchainedtotheoars,andwithinfifteendaysafterwereturnedagainintoTripolis,andthenwewereputtoall
mannerofslavery.Iwasputtohewstones,andothertocarrystones,andsometodrawthecartwithearth,andsometomakemortar,andsometodrawstones(foratthattimetheTurksbuildedachurch),andthuswewereputtoallkindsofslaverythatwastobedone.AndinthetimeofourbeingtheretheMoors,thatarethehusbandmenofthecountry,rebelledagainsttheking,becausehewouldhaveconstrainedthemtopaygreatertributethanheretoforetheyhaddone,sothatthesoldiersofTripolismarchedforthofthetown,tohavejoinedbattleagainsttheMoorsfortheirrebellion,andthekingsentwiththemfourpiecesofordnance,whichweredrawnbythecaptivestwentymilesintothecountryafterthem,andatthesightthereoftheMoorsfled,andthenthecaptainsreturnedbackagain.ThenI,andcertainChristiansmore,weresenttwelvemilesintothecountrywithacarttoload
timber,andwereturnedagainthesameday.
Now,thekinghadeighteencaptives,whichthreetimesaweekwenttofetchwoodthirtymilesfromthetown,andonatimeheappointedmeforoneoftheeighteen,andwedepartedateightoftheclockinthenight;andupontheway,aswerodeuponthecamels,Idemandedofoneofourcompanywhodiddirectustheway:hesaidthattherewasaMoorinourcompanywhichwasourguide;andIdemandedofthemhowTripolisandthewoodbareoneofftheother,andhesaid,"East-north-eastandwest-south-west."Andatmidnight,orthereabouts,asIwas
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
23/71
ridinguponmycamel,Ifellasleep,andtheguideandalltherestrodeawayfromme,notthinkingbutIhadbeenamongthem.WhenIawoke,and,findingmyselfalone,Idurstnotcallnorholloa,forfearlestthewildMoorsshouldhearme--becausetheyholdthisopinion,thatinkillingaChristiantheydoGodgoodservice--andmusingwithmyselfwhatwerebestformetodo:ifIshouldreturnbacktoTripoliswithoutanywoodorcompanyIshouldbemostmiserablyused;therefore,ofthetwoevils,ratherIhadtogoforthtothelosingofmylifethantoturnbackandtrusttotheirmercy,fearingtobeusedasbeforeIhadseenothers.For,understandingbysomeofmycompanybeforehowTripolisandthesaidwooddidlieoneoffanother,bytheNorthStarIwentforthatadventure,and,asGodwouldhaveit,Icamerighttotheplacewheretheywere,evenaboutanhourbeforeday.Therealtogetherwerested,andgaveourcamelsprovender,andassoonasthedayappearedwerodeallintothewood;andI,seeingnowoodtherebutastickhereandastickthere,aboutthebignessofaman'sarm,growinginthesand,itcausedmetomarvelhowsomanycamelsshouldbeloadedinthatplace.Thewoodwasjuniper;weneedednoaxenoredgedtooltocutit,butpluckeditupbystrengthofhands,rootsandall,whichamanmighteasilydo,andsogatheredtogetheralittleatoneplace,andsoatanother,andladedourcamels,andcamehomeaboutsevenoftheclockthatnightfollowing:becauseIfelllameandmycamelwastired,Ileftmywoodintheway.
TherewasinTripolisatthattimeaVenetianwhosenamewasBenedettoVenetiano,andseventeencaptivesmoreofhiscountrymen,whichranawayfromTripolisinaboatandcameinsideofanislandcalledMalta,whichliethfortyleaguesfromTripolisrightnorth;and,beingwithinamileoftheshoreandveryfairweather,oneoftheircompanysaid,"IndispettodeDioadessovenioapilliarterra,"whichisasmuchtosay:"InthedespiteofGod,Ishallnowfetchtheshore;"andpresentlytherearoseamightystorm,withthunderandrain,andthewindatthenorth,theirboatbeingverysmall,sothattheywereenforcedtobearuproomandtosheerrightaforethewindoveragainstthecoastofBarbary,fromwhencetheycame,androwingupanddownthecoast,theirvictualsbeingspent,thetwenty-firstdayaftertheirdeparture,theywereenforcedthroughthewantoffoodtocomeashore,
thinkingtohavestolensomesheep.ButtheMoorsofthecountryverycraftily(perceivingtheirintent)gatheredtogetherathreescoreofhorsemenandhidthemselvesbehindthesandyhill,andwhentheChristianswerecomeallashore,andpassedbyhalfamileintothecountry,theMoorsrodebetwixtthemandtheirboat,andsomeofthempursuedtheChristians,andsotheywerealltakenandbroughttoTripolis,fromwhencetheyhadbeforeescaped;andpresentlythekingcommandedthattheforesaidBenedetto,withonemoreofhiscompany,shouldlosetheirears,andtheresttobemostcruellybeaten,whichwaspresentlydone.ThiskinghadasonwhichwasarulerinanislandcalledGerbi,whereuntoarrivedanEnglishshipcalledtheGreenDragon,ofthewhichwasmasteroneM.Blonket,who,havingaveryunhappyboyonthatship,andunderstandingthatwhosoeverwouldturn
Turkshouldbewellentertainedoftheking'sson,thisboydidrunashoreandvoluntarilyturnedTurk.Shortlyaftertheking'ssoncametoTripolistovisithisfather,andseeingourcompany,hegreatlyfanciedRichardBurges,ourpurser,andJamesSmith.Theywerebothyoungmen,thereforehewasverydesiroustohavethemtoturnTurks;buttheywouldnotyieldtohisdesire,saying,"Weareyourfather'sslavesandasslaveswewillservehim."Thenhisfatherthekingsentforthem,andaskedthemiftheywouldturnTurks;andtheysaid:"IfitpleaseyourHighness,Christianswewerebornandsowewillremain,andbeseechthekingthattheymightnotbeenforcedthereunto."The
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
24/71
kinghadtherebeforeinhishouseasonofayeomanofourQueen'sguard,whomtheking'ssonhadenforcedtoturnTurk;hisnamewasJohnNelson.Himthekingcausedtobebroughttotheseyoungmen,andthensaiduntothem,"Willyounotbearthis,yourcountryman,company,andbeTurkasheis?"andtheysaidthattheywouldnotyieldthereuntoduringlife.Butitfelloutthat,withinamonthafter,theking'ssonwenthometoGerbiagain,beingfivescoremilesfromTripolis,andcarriedourtwoforesaidyoungmenwithhim,whichwereRichardBurgesandJamesSmith.Andaftertheirdeparturefromustheysentusaletter,signifyingthattherewasnoviolenceshoweduntothemasyet;yetwithinthreedaysaftertheywereviolentlyused,forthattheking'ssondemandedofthemagainifthattheywouldturnTurk.ThenansweredRichardBurges:"AChristianIam,andsoIwillremain."Thentheking'ssonveryangrilysaiduntohim,"ByMahometthoushaltpresentlybemadeTurk!"ThencalledheforhismenandcommandedthemtomakehimTurk;andtheydidso,andcircumcisedhim,andwouldhavehadhimspeakthewordsthatthereuntobelonged;butheansweredthemstoutlythathewouldnot,andalthoughtheyhadputonhimthehabitofaTurk,yetsaidhe,"AChristianIwasborn,andsoIwillremain,thoughyouforcemetodootherwise."
Andthenhecalledfortheother,andcommandedhimtobemadeTurkperforcealso;buthewasverystrong,foritwassomuchaseightoftheking'sson'smencoulddotoholdhim.Sointheendthey
circumcisedhimandmadehimTurk.Now,topassoveralittle,andsotoshowthemannerofourdeliveranceoutofthatmiserablecaptivity.
InMayaforesaid,shortlyafterourapprehension,IwrotealetterintoEnglanduntomyfather,dwellinginEvistokeinDevonshire,signifyinguntohimthewholeestateofourcalamities,andIwrotealsotoConstantinopletotheEnglishambassador,bothwhichletterswerefaithfullydelivered.Butwhenmyfatherhadreceivedmyletter,andunderstoodthetruthofourmishap,andtheoccasionthereof,andwhathadhappenedtotheoffenders,hecertifiedtheRightHonourabletheEarlofBedfordthereof,whoinshortspaceacquaintedherHighnesswiththewholecausethereof;andherMajesty,likeamostmercifulprincesstenderinghersubjects,presentlytookorderforour
deliverance.WhereupontheRightWorshipfulSirEdwardOsborne,knight,directedhisletterswithallspeedtotheEnglishambassadorinConstantinopletoprocureourdelivery,andheobtainedtheGreatTurk'scommission,andsentitforthwithtoTripolisbyoneMasterEdwardBarton,togetherwithajusticeoftheGreatTurk'sandonesoldier,andanotherTurkandaGreek,whichwashisinterpreter,whichcouldspeakbesideGreek,Turkish,Italian,SpanishandEnglish.AndwhentheycametoTripolistheywerewellentertained,andthefirstnighttheydidlieinacaptain'shouseinthetown.AllourcompanythatwereinTripoliscamethatnightforjoytoMasterBartonandtheothercommissionerstoseethem.ThenMasterBartonsaiduntous,"Welcome,mygoodcountrymen,"andlovinglyentertainedus;andatourdeparturefromhimhegaveustwoshillings,andsaid,"ServeGod,for
tomorrowIhopeyoushallbeasfreeaseveryouwere."Weallgavehimthanksandsodeparted.Thenextday,inthemorningveryearly,thekinghavingintelligenceoftheircoming,sentwordtothekeeperthatnoneoftheEnglishmen(meaningourcompany)shouldgotowork.ThenhesentforMasterBartonandtheothercommissioners,anddemandedofthesaidMasterBartonhismessage.ThejusticeansweredthattheGreatTurk,hissovereign,hadsentthemuntohim,signifyingthathewasinformedthatacertainEnglishship,calledtheJesus,wasbyhimthesaidkingconfiscatedabouttwelvemonthssince,andnowmysaidsovereignhathheresenthisespecialcommissionbyusuntoyou
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
25/71
forthedeliveranceofthesaidshipandgoods,andalsothefreelibertyanddeliveranceoftheEnglishmenofthesaidshipwhomyouhavetakenandkeptincaptivity.Andfurther,thesamejusticesaid,IamauthorisedbymysaidsovereigntheGreatTurktoseeitdone;andthereforeIcommandyou,bythevirtueofthiscommission,presentlytomakerestitutionofthepremisesorthevaluethereof.AndsodidthejusticedeliveruntothekingtheGreatTurk'scommissiontotheeffectaforesaid,whichcommissionthekingwithallobediencereceived;andaftertheperusingofthesame,heforthwithcommandedalltheEnglishcaptivestobebroughtbeforehim,andthenwilledthekeepertostrikeoffallourirons.Whichdone,thekingsaid,"YouEnglishmen,forthatyoudidoffendthelawsofthisplace,bythesamelawsthereforesomeofyourcompanywerecondemnedtodie,asyouknow,andyoutobeperpetualcaptivesduringyourlives;notwithstanding,seeingithathpleasedmysovereignlordtheGreatTurktopardonyoursaidoffences,andtogiveyouyourfreedomandliberty,behold,hereImakedeliveryofyouuntothisEnglishgentleman."Sohedeliveredusallthatwerethere,beingthirteeninnumber,toMasterBarton,whorequiredalsothosetwoyoungmenwhichtheking'ssonhadtakenwithhim.Thenthekingansweredthatitwasagainsttheirlawtodeliverthem,forthattheywereturnedTurks;and,touchingtheshipandgoods,thekingsaidthathehadsoldher,butwouldmakerestitutionofthevalue,andasmuchofthegoodsascameuntohishands.Andsothekingaroseandwenttodinner,andcommandedaJewtogowithMasterBartonandthe
othercommissionerstoshowthemtheirlodgings,whichwasahouseprovidedandappointedthembythesaidking.AndbecauseIhadtheItalianandSpanishtongues,bywhichtheremosttrafficinthatcountryis,MasterBartonmademehiscaterer,tobuyhisvictualsforhimandhiscompany,andhedeliveredmemoneyneedfulforthesame.Thuswerewesetatlibertythe28thdayofApril,1585.
Now,toreturntotheking'splaguesandpunishmentswhichAlmightyGodathiswillandpleasuresendethuponmeninthesightoftheworld,andlikewiseoftheplaguesthatbefellhischildrenandothersaforesaid.First,whenweweremadebondmen,beingtheseconddayofMay,1584,thekinghad300captives,andbeforethemonthwasexpiredtherediedofthemoftheplague150.Andwhereasthereweretwenty-
sixmenofourcompany,ofwhomtwowerehangedandonediedthesamedayasweweremadebondslaves,thatpresentmonththerediedninemoreofourcompanyoftheplague,andothertwowereforcedtoturnTurksasbeforerehearsed;andonthe4thdayofJunenextfollowing,thekinglost150camelswhichweretakenfromhimbythewildMoors;andonthe28thdayofthesaidmonthofJuneoneGeffreyMalteese,arenegadoofMalta,ranawaytohiscountry,andstowedabrigantinewhichthekinghadbuildedfortotaketheChristianswithal,andcarriedwithhimtwelveChristiansmorewhichweretheking'scaptives.Afterwardsaboutthe10thdayofJulynextfollowing,thekingrodeforthuponthegreatestandfairestmarethatmightbeseen,aswhiteasanyswan;hehadnotriddenfortypacesfromhishouse,butonasuddenthesamemarefelldownunderhimstarkdead,andIwithsix
morewerecommandedtoburyher,skin,shoes,andall,whichwedid.Andaboutthreemonthsafterourdelivery,MasterBarton,withalltheresidueofhiscompany,departedfromTripolistoZanteinavesselcalledasettea,ofoneMarcusSegoorus,whodweltinZante;and,afterourarrivalatZante,weremainedfifteendaysthereaboardourvessel,beforewecouldhavePlatego(thatis,leavetocomeashore),becausetheplaguewasinthatplacefromwhencewecame,andaboutthreedaysafterwecameashore,thithercameanothersetteaofMarseilles,boundforConstantinople.ThendidMasterBartonandhiscompany,withtwomoreofourcompany,shipthemselvesaspassengersinthesamesettea
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
26/71
andwenttoConstantinople.ButtheothernineofusthatremainedinZante,aboutthreemonthsafter,shippedourselvesinashipofthesaidMarcusSegoorus,whichcametoZante,andwasboundforEngland.InwhichthreemonthsthesoldiersofTripoliskilledthesaidking;andthentheking'sson,accordingtothecustomthere,wenttoConstantinople,tosurrenderupallhisfather'streasure,goods,captives,andconcubinesuntotheGreatTurk,andtookwithhimoursaidpurserRichardBurges,andJamesSmith,andalsotheothertwoEnglishmenwhichhetheking'ssonhadenforcedtobecomeTurksasisaforesaid.Andthey,thesaidEnglishmen,findingnowsomeopportunity,concludedwiththeChristiancaptiveswhichweregoingwiththemuntoConstantinople,beinginnumberabout150,tokilltheking'ssonandalltheTurkswhichwereaboardofthegalley,andprivilythesaidEnglishmenconveyeduntothesaidChristiancaptivesweaponsforthatpurpose.Andwhentheycameintothemainsea,towardsConstantinople(uponthefaithfulpromiseofthesaidChristiancaptives)thesefourEnglishmenleaptsuddenlyintothecrossia--thatis,intothemiddestofthegalley,wherethecannonlieth--andwiththeirswordsdrawn,didfightagainstalltheforesaidTurks,andforwantofhelpofthesaidChristiancaptives,whofalselybraketheirpromises,thesaidMasterBlonket'sboywaskilledandthesaidJamesSmith,andourpurserRichardBurges,andtheotherEnglishmenweretakenandboundintochains,tobehangedattheirarrivalinConstantinople.And,astheLord'swillwas,abouttwodaysafter,
passingthroughtheGulfofVenice,atanislandcalledCephalonia,theymetwithtwooftheDukeofVenice,hisgalleys,whichtookthatgalley,andkilledtheking'ssonandhismother,andalltheTurksthatwerethere,innumber150,andtheysavedtheChristiancaptives;andwouldhavekilledthetwoEnglishmen,becausetheywerecircumcisedandbecomeTurks,hadnottheotherChristiancaptivesexcusedthem,sayingthattheywereenforcedtobeTurksbytheking'sson,andshowedtheVenetianshowtheydidenterpriseatseatofightagainstalltheTurks,andthattheirtwofellowswereslaininthatfight.ThentheVenetianssavedthem,andthey,withalltheresidueofthesaidcaptives,hadtheirliberty,whichwereinnumber150orthereabouts,andthesaidgalleyandalltheTurks'treasurewasconfiscatedtotheuseoftheStateofVenice.Andfromthenceourtwo
Englishmentravelledhomewardbyland,andinthismeantimewehadonemoreofourcompanywhichdiedinZante,andafterwardstheothereightshippedthemselvesatZanteinashipofthesaidMarcusSegooruswhichwasboundforEngland.Andbeforewedepartedthence,therearrivedtheAscensionandtheGeorgeBonaventureofLondon,inCephalonia,inaharbourtherecalledArrogostoria,whosemerchantsagreedwiththemerchantsofourship,andsoladedallthemerchandiseofourshipintothesaidshipsofLondon,whotookuseightalsoinaspassengers,andsowecamehome.AndwithintwomonthsafterourarrivalatLondonoursaidpurserRichardBurges,andhisfellow,camehomealso,forthewhichweareboundtopraiseAlmightyGodduringourlives,and,asdutybindethus,toprayforthepreservationofourmostgraciousQueen,forthegreatcareherMajestyhadoverus,herpoorsubjects,
inseekingandprocuringofourdeliveranceaforesaid,andalsoforherHonourablePrivyCouncil;andIespeciallyfortheprosperityandgoodestateofthehouseofthelatedeceased,theRightHonourabletheEarlofBedford,whosehonourImustconfessmostdiligently,atthesuitofmyfathernowdeparted,travailedherein--forthewhichIrestcontinuallyboundentohim,whosesoulIdoubtnotbutalreadyisintheheavensinjoy,withtheAlmighty,untowhichplaceHevouchsafedtobringusall,thatforoursinssufferedmostvileandshamefuldeathuponthecross,theretoliveperpetuallyworldwithoutend.Amen.
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
27/71
THEQUEEN'SLETTERSTOTHETURK,1584,FORTHERESTITUTIONOFTHESHIP,CALLEDTHEJESUS,ANDTHEENGLISHCAPTIVESDETAINEDINTRIPOLIS,INBARBARY,ANDFORCERTAINOTHERPRISONERSINALGIERS.
Elizabeth,bythegraceoftheMostHighGodandonlyMakerofHeavenandEarth,ofEngland,France,andIrelandQueen,andoftheChristianfaith,againstalltheidolatersandfalseprofessorsofthenameofChristdwellingamongtheChristians,mostinvincibleandpuissantDefender;tothemostvaliantandinvinciblePrince,SultanMuradCan,themostmightyruleroftheKingdomofMussulmanandoftheEastEmpire,theonlyandhighestmonarchaboveall,healthandmanyhappyandfortunateyears,withgreatabundanceofthebestthings.
MostnobleandpuissantEmperor,abouttwoyearsnowpast,wewroteuntoyourImperialMajestythatourwell-belovedservant,WilliamHarebrown,amanofgreatreputationandhonour,mightbereceivedunderyourhighauthorityforourambassadorinConstantinopleandotherplaces,undertheobedienceofyourEmpireofMussulman;andalsothattheEnglishmenbeingoursubjectsmightexerciseintercourseandmerchandiseinallthoseprovincesnolessfreelythantheFrench,Polonians,Venetians,Germans,andotheryourconfederates,whichtravelthroughdiversoftheEastpartsendeavouringthatbymutual
traffictheEastmaybejoinedandknittotheWest.
Whichprivileges,whenasyourmostpuissantMajestybyyourlettersandunderyourdispensationmostliberallyandfavourablygrantedtooursubjectsofEngland,wecouldnolessdobutinthatrespectgiveyouasgreatthanksasourheartcouldconceive,trustingthatitwillcometopassthatthisorderoftrafficsowellordainedwillbringwithitselfmostgreatprofitsandcommoditiestobothsides,aswelltothepartiessubjecttoyourEmpireastotheprovincesofourKingdom.
Whichthing,thatitmaybedoneinplainandeffectualmanner,whereassomeofoursubjectsoflateatTripolisinBarbary,andatAlgiers,
werebytheinhabitantsofthoseplaces(beingperhapsignorantofyourpleasure)evilintreatedandgrievouslyvexed,wedofriendlyandlovinglydesireyourImperialMajestythatyouwillunderstandtheircausesbyourambassador,andafterwardgivecommandmenttothelieutenantsandpresidentsofthoseprovinces,thatourpeoplemayhenceforthfreely,withoutanyviolenceorinjury,travelanddotheirbusinessinthoseplaces.
AndweagainwithallendeavourshallstudytoperformallthosethingswhichweshallinanywiseunderstandtobeacceptabletoyourImperialMajesty,whichGod,theonlyMakeroftheWorld,MostBestandMostGreat,longkeepinhealthandflourishing.GiveninourPalaceatLondon,the5thdayofthemonthofSeptember,intheyearofJesus
ChristourSaviour1584,andofourreignthetwenty-sixth.
THECOMMANDMENTOBTAINEDOFTHEGRANDSIGNIORBYHERMAJESTY'SAMBASSADOR,FORTHEQUIETPASSINGOFHERSUBJECTSTOANDFROMHISDOMINIONS,SENTINANNO1584TOTHEVICEROYS,ALGIERS,TUNIS,ANDTRIPOLISINBARBARY.
ToourBeglerbegofAlgiers.WecertifytheebythisourcommandmentthattherighthonourableWilliamHarebrowne,ambassadortotheQueen's
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
28/71
MajestyofEngland,hathsignifieduntousthattheshipsofthatcountry,intheircomingandreturningtoandfromourEmpire,ontheonepartoftheseashavetheSpaniards,Florentines,Sicilians,andMaltese,ontheotherpartourcountries,committedtoyourcharge,whichabovesaidChristianswillnotquietlysuffertheiregressandregressintoandoutofourdominions,buttotakeandmakethemencaptives,andforfeittheshipsandgoods,asthelastyeartheMaltesedidonewhichtheytookatGerbi,andtothatenddocontinuallylieinwaitforthemtotheirdestruction,whereupontheyareconstrainedtostandtotheirdefenceatanysuchtimesastheymightmeetwiththem;whereforeconsideringbythismeanstheymuststandupontheirguardwhentheyshallseeanygalleyafaroff,wherebyifmeetingwithanyofyourgalleys,andnotknowingthem,intheirdefencetheydoshootatthem,andyetafter,whentheydocertainlyknowthem,donotshootanymore,butrequiretopasspeaceablyontheirvoyage,whichyouwoulddeny,saying,"Thepeaceisbroken,forthatyouhaveshotatus,andsodomakeprizeofthem,contrarytoourprivileges,andagainstreason:"forthepreventingofwhichinconveniencethesaidambassadorhathrequiredthisourcommandment.Wethereforecommandtheethatuponsighthereofthendonotpermitanysuchmatterinnosortwhatsoever,butsufferthesaidEnglishmentopassinpeace,accordingtothetenorofourcommandmentgiven,withoutanydisturbanceorletbyanymeansupontheway,althoughthat,meetingwiththygalleys,andnotknowingthemafaroff,they,takingthemforenemies,shouldshoot
atthem,yetshallyenotsufferthemtohurtthemtherefor,butquietlytopass.Whereforelookthou,thattheymayhaverightaccordingtoourprivilegegiventhem,andfindinganythatabsentethhimselfandwillnotobeythisourcommandment,presentlycertifyustoourporch,thatwemaygiveorderforhispunishment;andwithreverencegivefaithfulcredittothisourcommandment,whichhavingread,thoushaltagainreturnituntothemthatpresentit.FromourpalaceinConstantinople,theprimeofJune,1584.
THETURK'SLETTERTOTHEKINGOFTRIPOLIS,INBARBARY,COMMANDINGTHERESTITUTIONOFANENGLISHSHIP,CALLEDTHEJESUS,WITHTHEMENANDGOODS,SENTFROMCONSTANTINOPLEBYMAHOMETBEG,AJUSTICEOFTHEGREAT
TURK'S,ANDANENGLISHGENTLEMAN,CALLEDMASTEREDWARDBARTON.ANNO1584.
HonourableandmostworthyPashaRomadanBeglerbeg,mostwiseandprudentjudgeoftheWestTripolis,wewishtheendofallthyenterpriseshappyandprosperous.BytheseourHighness'sletterswecertifytheethattheRightHonourableWilliamHarebrowne,AmbassadorinourmostfamousporchforthemostexcellentQueen'sMajestyofEngland,inpersonandbylettershathcertifiedourHighnessthatacertainship,withallherfurnitureandartillery,worthtwothousandducats,arrivingintheportofTripolis,anddischargedofherladingandmerchandise,paidourcustomaccordingtoorder,andagainthemerchantsladedtheirshipwithoil,whichbyconstrainttheywere
enforcedtobuyofyou,andhavingansweredinlikemannerthecustomforthesame,determinedtodepart.AFrenchman,assistanttothemerchant,unknowntotheEnglishmen,carriedawaywithhimanotherFrenchmanindebtedtoacertainMoorinfourhundredducats,andbyforcecausedtheEnglishmenandshiptodepart,who,neithersuspectingfraudnordeceit,hoistedsails.Inthemeantime,thisman,whosedebtortheFrenchmanhadstolenaway,wenttothePashawithasupplication,bywhosemeans,andforceoftheCastle,theEnglishmenwereconstrainedtoreturnintotheport,wheretheFrenchman,authoroftheevil,withthemasteroftheship,anEnglishman,innocentof
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
29/71
thecrime,werehanged,andfive-and-twentyEnglishmencastintoprison,ofwhom,throughfamineandthirst,andstinkoftheprison,elevendied,andtherestwereliketodie.Further,itwassignifiedtoourMajestyalsothatthemerchandiseandothergoodswiththeshipwereworthseventhousandsixhundredducats.Whichthings,iftheybeso,thisisourcommandment,whichwasgrantedandgivenbyourMajesty,thattheEnglishship,andallthemerchandise,andwhatsoeverelsewastakenaway,bewhollyrestored,andthattheEnglishmenbeletgofree,andsufferedtoreturnintotheircountry.Wherefore,whenthisourcommandmentshallcomeuntothee,westraightlycommandthattheforesaidbusinessbediligentlylookeduntoanddischarged.AndifitbesothataFrenchman,andnoEnglishman,hathdonethiscraftandwickedness,unknowntotheEnglishmen,and,asauthorofthewickedness,ispunished,andthattheEnglishmencommittednothingagainstthepeaceandleague,ortheirarticles;also,iftheypaidcustomaccordingtoorder,itisagainstlaw,customofcountries,andtheirprivilege,tohinderorhurtthem.Neitherisitmeettheirship,merchandise,andalltheirgoodstakenshouldbewithholden.Wewill,therefore,thattheEnglishship,merchandise,andallothertheirgoods,withoutexception,berestoredtotheEnglishmen;also,thatthemenbeletgofree,and,iftheywill,letnonehinderthemtoreturnpeaceablyintotheircountry;donotcommitthattheyanothertimecomplainofthismatter,andhowthisbusinessisdespatchedcertifyusatourmostfamousporch.Datedinthecityof
Constantinople,intheninehundredandninety-secondyearofMahomet,andintheendofthemonthofOctober,andtheyearofJesus1584.
ALETTEROFMASTERWILLIAMHAREBROWNE,THEENGLISHAMBASSADOR,LEDGERINCONSTANTINOPLE,TOTHEPASHAROMADAN,THEBEGLERBEGOFTRIPOLIS,INBARBARY,FORTHERESTORINGOFANENGLISHSHIP,CALLEDTHEJESUS,WITHGOODSANDMENDETAINEDASSLAVES,1585.
RightHonourableLord,ithathbeensignifieduntousbydiversletters,whathathfallenoutconcerningacertainshipofours,calledtheJesus,intowhich,forthehelpofRichardSkegs,oneofourmerchantsinthesame,nowdeceased,therewasadmittedacertain
Frenchman,calledRomaineSonnings,whichforhisillbehaviour,accordingtohisdeserts,seekingtocarryawaywithhimanotherFrenchman,whichwasindebtedtocertainofyourpeople,withoutpayinghiscreditors,washangedbysentenceofjustice,togetherwithAndrewDier,themasterofthesaidship,who,simplyandwithoutfraud,givingcredittothesaidFrenchman,withoutanyknowledgeofthisevilfact,didnotreturnwhenhewascommandedbyyourhonourablelordship.ThedeathofthesaidlewdFrenchmanweapproveasathingwelldone,butcontrariwise,whereasyourlordshiphathconfiscatedthesaidship,withthegoodstherein,andhathmadeslavesofthemariners,asathingaltogethercontrarytotheprivilegesoftheGrandSignior,grantedfouryearssince,andconfirmedbyus,onthebehalfofthemostexcellenttheQueen'sMajestyofEngland,ourmistress,and
altogethercontrarytotheleagueofthesaidGrandSignior,who,beingfullyinformedoftheaforesaidcause,hathgranteduntoushisroyalcommandmentofrestitution,whichwesenduntoyourhonourablelordshipbythepresentbearer,EdwardBarton,oursecretary,andMahometBeg,oneofthejusticesofhisstatelycourt,withotherlettersofthemostexcellentAdmiralandmostvaliantcaptainofthesea,requiringyourmosthonourablelordship,aswellonthebehalfoftheGrandSigniorasoftheQueen'smostExcellentMajesty,mymistress,thatthemen,oils,ship,furniture,money,andallothergoodswhatsoever,byyourlordshipandyourordertakenfromourmen,berestoreduntothis
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
30/71
mysecretaryfreely,withoutdelay,astheGrandSigniorofhisgoodnesshathgranteduntous,especiallyinregardthatthesameoilswereboughtbythecommandmentofourQueen'smostExcellentMajestyfortheprovisionofherCourt.Whichifyouperformnot,weprotestbytheseourlettersagainstyou,thatyouarethecauseofalltheinconvenienceswhichmayensueuponthisoccasion,astheauthorthereofcontrarytotheholyleagueswornbybothourprinces,asbytheprivileges,whichthisourservantwillshowyou,mayappear.Fortheseeingofwhichleagueperformed,weremainhereasLedgerinthisstatelycourt,andbythismeansyoushallanswerinanotherworlduntoGodalone,andinthisworlduntotheGrandSignior,forthisheinoussincommittedbyyouagainstsomanypoorsouls,whichbythisyourcrueltyareinpartdead,andinpartdetainedbyyouinmostmiserablecaptivity.Contrariwise,ifitshallpleaseyoutoavoidthismischief,andtoremaininthefavourofAlmightyGodandofourprinces,youshallfriendlyfulfilthisourjustdemand(asitbehovethyoutoshowyourselfaprudentgovernorandfaithfulservantuntoyourlord),andthesamemayturntoyourgreathonourandprofitbythetradeofmerchandise,whichourmenintimetocomemayuseinthatgovernmentofyours,which,generally,aswellthosepoormenasallotherswhichyoushallmeetatthesea,oughttobe,accordingtothecommandmentoftheGrandSignior,friendlyentertainedandreceivedofyourhonourablelordship;andwewillnotfailinthedutiesofaspecialfriendwhatsoeveryoushallhaveoccasiontouseusaswe
desire.AlmightyGodgrantuntoyourlordship(inthefulfillingofthisourjustrequest,wherebywemaybedeliveredfromfurthertroubleinthismatterandyourselffromfurtherdispleasure)alltruefelicityandincreaseofhonour.GiveninourpalacefromCapamat,inPera,the15thofJanuary,1585.
ABRIEFEXTRACTSPECIFYINGTHECERTAINDAILYPAYMENTS,ANSWEREDQUARTERLYINTIMEOFPEACE,BYTHEGRANDSIGNIOR,OUTOFHISTREASURY,TOTHEOFFICERSOFHISSERAGLIOORCOURT,SUCCESSIVELYINDEGREES;COLLECTEDINAYEARLYTOTALSUMASFOLLOWETH:
Forhisowndieteveryday,onethousandandoneaspers,accordingtoa
formercustomreceivedfromhisancestors;notwithstandingthatotherwisehisdiurnalexpenseisverymuch,andnotcertainlyknown,whichsummakethsterlingmoneybytheyear,twothousandonehundredandninety-twopounds,threeshillings,andeightpence.
Theforty-fivethousandjanisaries,repartedintosundryplacesofhisdominions,atfiveaspersaday,amountethbytheyear,fivehundredfourscoreandeleventhousandandthreehundredpounds.
Theazamoglans'tributechildrenfarsurmountthatnumber,forthattheyarecollectedfromamongtheChristians,fromwhombetweentheyearsoffiveandtwelvetheyarepulledawayyearlyperforce;whereofIsupposethoseinservicemaybeequalinnumberwiththejanisaries
abovesaid,atthreeaspersaday,onewithanother,whichistwohundredfourscoreandfifteenthousandfivehundredandfiftypounds.
ThefivePashaswhereoftheViceroyissupreme,atonethousandasperstheday,besidestheiryearlyrevenues,amountethsterlingbytheyear,tenthousandninehundredandfiftypounds.
ThefiveBeglerbegs,chiefpresidentsofGreece,Hungary,andSlavonia,beinginEurope,inAnatolia,andCarmaniaofAsia,atonethousandasperstheday;asalsotoeighteenothergovernorsofprovincesat
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
31/71
fivehundredasperstheday,amountethbytheyearthirtythousandfivehundredandthreescorepounds.
ThePasha,admiralofthesea,onethousandasperstheday,twothousandonehundredfourscoreandtenthousandpounds.
TheAgaofthejanisaries,generalofthefootmen,fivehundredasperstheday,andmakethbytheyearinsterlingmoneyonethousandfourscoreandfifteenpounds.
TheImbrahurPasha,masterofhishorse,onehundredandfiftyasperstheday,insterlingmoneythreehundredandeightandtwentypounds.
Thechiefesquireunderhim,onehundredandfiftyaspers,isthreehundredandeightandtwentypounds.
TheAgasoftheSpahi,captainsofthehorsemen,fiveatonehundredandfiftyasperstoeitherofthem,makethsterlingonethousandninehundredthreescoreandelevenpounds.
TheCapagiPashas,headporters,four,onehundredandfiftyasperstoeach,andmakethoutinsterlingmoneybytheyear,onethousandthreehundredandfourteenpounds.
TheSisinghirPasha,controllerofthehousehold,onehundredandtwentyasperstheday,andmakethoutinsterlingmoneybytheyear,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheChiausPasha,captainofthepensioners,onehundredandtwentyasperstheday,andamountethto,bytheyear,insterlingmoney,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheCapigilarCaiafi,captainofhisbarge,onehundredandtwentyasperstheday,andmakethoutbytheyear,insterlingmoney,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheSolachBassi,captainofhisguard,onehundredandtwentyaspers,
twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheGiebrigiBassi,masterofthearmoury,onehundredandtwentyaspers,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheTopagiBassi,masteroftheartillery,onehundredandtwentyaspers,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
TheEchimBassi,physiciantohisperson,onehundredandtwentyaspers,twohundredthreescoreandtwopounds,sixteenshillings.
Thefortyphysiciansunderhim,toeachfortyaspersisthreethousandeighthundredthreescoreandsixpounds,sixteenshillings.
TheMustafaracas,spearmenattendingonhisperson,innumber500,toeitherthreescoreaspers,andmakethsterlingthreescoreandfivethousandandsevenhundredpounds.
TheCisingeri,gentlemenattendinguponhisdiet,forty,atfortyasperseachofthem,andamountethtosterlingbytheyear,threethousandfivehundredandfourpounds.
TheChiausi,pensioners,fourhundredandforty,atthirtyaspers,
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
32/71
twenty-eightthousandninehundredandeightpounds.
TheCapagi,portersoftheCourtandcity,fourhundredateightaspers,andmakethsterlingmoneybytheyear,seventhousandandeightpounds.
TheSolachi,archersofhisguard,threehundredandtwenty,atnineaspers,andcomethunto,inEnglishmoney,thesumofsixthousandthreehundredandsixpounds.
TheSpahi,menofarmsoftheCourtandthecity,tenthousand,attwenty-fiveaspers,andmakethofEnglishmoney,fivehundredfortyandseventhousandandfivehundredpounds.
TheJanisaries,sixteenthousand,atsixaspers,istwohundredandtenthousandandtwohundredandfortypounds.
TheGiebegi,furbishersofarmour,onethousandfivehundred,atsixaspers,andamountethtosterlingmoney,nineteenthousandsevenhundredandfourscorepounds.
TheSeiefir,servitorsinhisesquireorstable,fivehundred,attwoaspers,andmakethsterlingmoney,twothousandonehundredfourscoreandtenpounds.
TheSaefi,saddlersandbit-makers,fivehundred,atsevenaspers,seventhousandsixhundredthreescoreandfivepounds.
TheCapergi,carriersuponmules,twohundred,atfiveaspers,twothousandonehundredfourscoreandtenpounds.
TheGinegi,carriersuponcamels,onethousandfivehundred,ateightaspers,andamountethinsterlingmoneytotwenty-sixthousandtwohundredandfourscorepounds.
TheReiz,orcaptainsofthegalleys,threehundred,attenaspers,andamountethinEnglishmoney,bytheyear,thesumofsixthousandfive
hundredthreescoreandtenpounds.
TheAlechingi,mastersofthesaidgalleys,threehundred,atsevenaspers,fourthousandfivehundredfourscoreandnineteenpounds.
TheGetti,boatswainsthereof,threehundred,atsixaspers,isthreethousandninehundredfortyandtwopounds.
TheOdaBassi,pursers,threehundred,atfiveaspers,makeththreethousandtwohundredandfourscorepounds.
TheAzappi,soldiers,twothousandsixhundred,atfouraspers,whereofthefivehundreddocontinuallykeepthegalleys,two-and-twenty
thousandsevenhundredfourscoreandsixpounds.
TheMariersBassi,mastersovertheshipwrightsandcaulkersofthenavy,nine,attwentyaspersthepiece,amountethtothreethousandfourscoreandfourpounds,fourshillings.
TheMasterDassi,shipwrightsandcaulkers,onethousand,atfourteenaspers,andamountethto,bytheyear,thirtythousandsixhundredandthreescorepounds.
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
33/71
Summatotalisofdailypaymentsamountethbytheyearsterlingonemillionninehundredthreescoreeightthousandsevenhundredandthirtyfivepounds,nineteenshillings,andeightpence,answeredquarterlywithoutdefaultwiththesumoffourhundredfourscoretwelvethousandonehundredfourscoreandfourpounds,fourshillings,andelevenpence,andisforeverydayfivethousandthreehundredfourscoreandthirteenpounds,fifteenshillings,andtenpence.
ANNUITIESOFLANDSNEVERIMPROVEDFIVETIMESMOREINVALUETHANTHEIRSUMSMENTIONED,GIVENBYTHESAIDGRANDSIGNIORASFOLLOWETH:
TotheViceroyforhistimarorannuity,60,000goldducats.
Tothesecondpashaforhisannuity,50,000ducats.
Tothethirdpashaforhisannuity,40,000ducats.
Tothefourthpashaforhisannuity,30,000ducats.
Tothefifthpashaforhisannuity,20,000ducats.
Tothecaptainofthejanisaries,20,000ducats.
TotheJouMerhorBassi,masterofhishorse,15,000ducats.
Tothecaptainofthepensioners,10,000ducats.
Tothecaptainofhisguard,5,000ducats.
Summatotalis,90,000livressterling.
Besidestheseabovespecifiedbesundryotherannuities,giventodiversothersofhisaforesaidofficers,asalsotocertainpersonscalledSahims,diminishingfromthreethousandtotwohundredducats,esteemedtrebletosurmounttheannuityabovesaid.
THETURK'SCHIEFOFFICERS.
TheViceroyishightreasurer,notwithstandingthatunderhimbethreesub-treasurers,calledTestaders,whichbeaccountabletohimofthereceiptsoutofEurope,Asia,andAfrica,savetheiryearlyannuityoflands.
TheLordChancelloriscalledNissangiPasha,whosealethwithacertainpropercharactersuchlicenses,safe-conducts,passports,especialgrants,etc.,asproceedfromtheGrandSignior;notwithstandingallletterstoforeignprincessofirmedbeafterenclosedinabagandsealedbytheGrandSignior,withasignetwhich
heordinarilywearethabouthisneck,creditedofthemtohavebeenofancientappertainingtoKingSolomontheWise.
TheAdmiralgivethhisvoiceintheelectionofallbegies,captainsofislands(towhomhegiveththeircharge),asalsoappointeththesub-pashas,bailiesorconstablesovercitiesandtownsuponthesea-coastsaboutConstantinopleandintheArchipelago,whereofhereapethgreatprofit.
TheSub-BassiofPerapayethhimnearlyfifteenthousandducats,andso
8/14/2019 Voyager's Tales by Hakluyt, Richard, 1552-1616
34/71
likewiseeitheroftheothers,accordingastheyareplaced.
TheResistopservethinofficetotheViceroyandChancellorassecretary,andsolikewisedoththeCogy,MasteroftheRolls,beforewhichtwopassallwritingspresentedtoorgrantedbythesaidViceroyandChancellor,officesofespecialcreditandlikeprofit,moreoverrewardedwithannuitiesoflands.
TherebealsotwochiefjudgesnamedLadiesLisguire,theoneoverEuropeandtheotheroverAsiaandAfrica,whichincourtdositonthebenchatthelefthandofthepashas.Thesesellallofficestotheunder-judgesofthelandcalledCadies,whereofisoneineverycityortown,beforewhomallmattersofcontroversyarebyjudgmentdecided,asalsopenaltiesandcorrectionsforcrimesordainedtobeexecutedupontheoffendersbytheSub-bassi.
THENUMBEROFSOLDIERSCONTINUALLYATTENDINGUPONTHEBEGLERBEGS,THEGOVERNORSOFPROVINCES,ANDSANGIACKS,ANDTHEIRPETTYCAPTAINSMAINTAINEDOFTHESEPROVINCES.
TheBeglerbegsof...Persons.
Graecia40,000
Buda15,000Slavonia15,000Anatolia15,000Caramania15,000Armenia18,000Pe