Vitamin Requirements • Daily Values (DV): standard nutrient intake values developed by FDA – Includes DRI s (Daily Recommended Intakes for Individuals) and (DRV s) Daily Recommended Values (Proteins, etc.) – Disease prevention – Best met through a consumption of a wide variety of foods
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Vitamin Requirements Daily Values (DV): standard nutrient intake values developed by FDA –Includes DRIs (Daily Recommended Intakes for Individuals) and.
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Vitamin Requirements• Daily Values (DV): standard nutrient intake values
developed by FDA– Includes DRIs (Daily Recommended Intakes
for Individuals) and (DRVs) Daily Recommended Values (Proteins, etc.)
– Disease prevention– Best met through a consumption of a wide
variety of foods
Vitamin Requirements
• Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI): recommendation for individuals (more accurate, but would be impossible to label)–Age–Gender–Pregnancy–Lactation
– 99% is structural– ~25% absorption– Vitamin D aids
absorption– 75% is obtained from 75% is obtained from
dairy productsdairy products– Many products are
fortified with it– Built in youth, lost in
maturityVery hard for vegans to get
enough calcium
Calcium• Osteoporosis – a pediatric
disease with geriatric consequences
• 1.5 million fractures each year- major cause of subsequent mortality (25% within one year)– 14 billion in direct health cost– 25 million women at risk– DRI women 600 – 800
mg/day
National Osteoporosis Foundation www.nof.org
Calcium
Risk Factors- By Mayo Clinic staff
Your gender. Age. Race.
Frame size. Eating disorders.
Low calcium intake.Excess soda consumption (Ca:P ratio).
The link between osteoporosis and caffeinated sodas isn't clear, but caffeine may interfere with calcium absorption and its diuretic effect may increase mineral loss. In addition, the phosphoric acid in soda may contribute to bone loss.
Bone density can be improved at any time.
Soda is the devil’s drink
• Extra calories
• Poor nutrient density
• Interferes with calcification
• Replaces more nutritious drinks
Minerals• Phosphorus
– Easily absorbed by the body– Enhanced by Vitamin D– Deficiency are rare– Soda, phosphoric acid
• Potassium– A primary electrolyte in blood– Associated with lower blood pressure– Athletes
Minerals• Sodium and Chloride
– Added during processing– Enhances flavor– We consume 2X of what we need (DV = 2.4
grams, 1/10 ounce) (show)– Excess Sodium can lead to hypertension
• High blood pressure• Salt sensitivity – genetics and race
Salt – Uses in Food
• Enhances other flavors, cuts cost
• Salty taste, per se
• Increases consumer acceptance
• Raises boiling point of liquids (pasta)
• Masks bitter tastes
• Food safety
• Water binding
Minerals• Sulfur
– Necessary for collagen formation
• Magnesium– Abundant in plants
Minerals• Iron
– Most common and easily preventable deficiency– Needed for oxygen absorption, immune function,
developmental performance– Poor absorption from plant sources– Low iron causes anemia, especially in menstruating
women– Toxicity
• 6 – 12 vitamins with 100% iron content will kill a small child
(The dose makes the poison.)
Fortification vs Enrichment • Fortification - restores lost nutrients due to processing• Enrichment – adds nutritional value to meet a specific standard
Old London Restaurant Style Croutons. Seasoned Sourdough.
Enriched Bread, [Enriched Flour (Flour, Niacin, Ferrous Sulfate, Thiamin Mononitrate, Riboflavin, Folic Acid),Water,Yeast,Sugar,Salt,Partially Hydrogenated Soybean Oil ,Vinegar,Ascorbic Acid] Bean Oil with BHT added as a Dextrin