Jul 30, 2015
VITAMIN A DEFICIENCIES
Hassan Raza
BS Food Science and Technology
Govt. College University,
Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
OUTLINES 1
o Introductiono Historyo Sourceso Deficiencyo Prevalenceo Causeso Managemento Conclusiono References
INTRODUCTION 2
o Group of unsaturated organic compoundo Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, carotenoids, beta caroteneo Multiple function
Tanumihardjo SA (2011).
HISTORY 3
o 1816 by Magendieo 1912 by Frederick Gowland Hopkinso 1917 by Elmer McCollum, Lafayette Mendel, Thomas
Burr Osborneo 1920 name given vitamin A
.Semba RD (2012).
4
o 1919, Herry Steenbocko 1931 Paul Karrero 1947 David Adriaan van Dorp and Jozef Ferdinand
Arens
.
Wolf, George (2001)
SOURCES 7
source Amount provided
carrot 835 μg/100g
Cod liver oil 30000 μg/100g
Beef, fish liver 6500 μg/100g
Sweet potatoes 961 μg/100g
8
Butter 684 μg
Spinach 469 μg/100g
Milk 28 μg/100g
Egg 140 μg/100g
Mango 38 μg/100g
apricot 96 μg/100g
www.nal.usda.gov
DEFICIENCY 9
o Poor countrieso Rare in developed countrieso Nyctalopiao Xerophthalmiao Keratomalaciao Complete blindnesso Birth defectso High infection rate
NYCTALOPIA 10
o Greek wordo Difficulty or impossibility to see in low lighto Insufficient adaptation
Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).
XEROPHTHALMIA 11
o Greek word o Dry eyeso Lack of tearso Retinoic acid
Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001)
KERATOMALACIA 12
o Epithelial surfaceo Un known metabolismo Loss of goblet cells
Schwartz, Robert (2013).
PREVALENCE 13
o One third under five years o 670,000 children annuallyo 250,000-500,000 developing countrieso Southeast Asiao Africa
National Institute of Health. 2008.
CAUSES 14
o Iron deficiencyo Malnutritiono Alcohol consumptiono Liver toxicityo Hyper urination
http://www.vitaminsall.com
MANAGEMENT/TREATMENT 16
o Animal productso Yellow orange and dark green vegetableso Fortificationo Supplementso I.M or I.V solution
CONCLUSION 17
o Vitamin A is important for number of vital body functions
o Low in take or life style may cause deficiencyo Sever deficiency can cause high mortality rate o Can be mange by the use of vitamin A rich diet
REFERENCES 18
o Tanumihardjo SA (2011). "Vitamin A: biomarkers of nutrition for development". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
o Semba RD (2012). "On the 'Disco very' of Vitamin A". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism
o Wolf, George (2001). "Discovery of Vitamin A". Encyclopedia of Life Sciences.
o http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/searcho Quesnel, NM; Lovasik, JV; Ferremi, C; Boileau, M; Ieraci, C (Jun 2004).
"Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and the contrast sensitivity function.". Journal of cataract and refractive surgery
o Solans, R.; Bosch, J.A.; Galofre, P.; others (2001), Salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction (sicca syndrome) after radioiodine therapy., Journal of Nuclear Medicine
19
o Schwartz, Robert. "Dermatologic manifestations of Vitamin A deficiency". Medscape. Retrieved 13 June 2013
o Office of Dietary Supplements. Vitamin A". National Institute of Health. Retrieved 8 April 2008
o http://www.vitaminsall.com